复杂加载路径下板料屈服强化与成形极限的研究进展

本文在阐述塑性变形行为与成形极限对于解析板料成形过程的作用与意义的基础上 ,针对板料屈服准则、强化模型、成形极限及复杂加载路径的影响规律的研究进展进行了综述与分析 ,得出 :建立符合实际板料成形特点的复杂加载路径的实验方法 ,验证理论研究结果的准确程度及适用范围 ,确定复杂加载路径下的解析描述及实用判据 ,是目前该领域主要的研究方向。最后对实现复杂加载路径的实验方法及其可行性进行了分析。     

BH220钢板屈服轨迹的双向拉伸实验研究

本文针对建立的十字形双向拉伸试验系统 ,利用有限元模拟优化得到的十字形试件 ,采用载荷控制方式对汽车用薄钢板BH2 2 0进行了不同加载路径下的双向拉伸试验 ,得到了不同加载路径下的应力应变关系曲线 ,并根据塑性功相等的原则 ,对BH2 2 0钢板的试验屈服点与现有屈服准则Hill4 8、Barlat lian、Logan hosford的理论轨迹进行了对比 ,结果表明 ,与试验结果相比 ,Hill4 8过高地估计了屈服轨迹 ,Logan hosford准则比Barlat lian准则接近试验结果 ,尤其在垂直于轧制方向与试验结果吻合较好 ,但在靠近轧制方向其理论轨迹偏高。     

Modified strain-life equation to consider the effect of different prestrain paths for dual phase sheet steel

Fatigue tests of dual phase sheet steel (DP600) were conducted with strain controlled mode of fully reverse loading conditions at room temperature. The specimens were fabricated with three different prestrain paths such as as-received, uniaxial prestrain and plane strain prestrain. Fatigue properties for the all prestrain paths were determined from the fatigue test results. The strain-life curve equations were depended on the prestrain levels and paths. In this study a universal strain-life equation was proposed based on the experimental data to predict the fatigue life of dual phase sheet steel with different prestrain paths. The proposed model utilized fatigue properties of the as-received condition coupled with prestrain levels in the length, width, and thickness of the test specimen. The effectiveness of the proposed universal strain-life equation was demonstrated with a simple metal formed part that experienced various prestrain paths.     

板料成形中材料模型的研究进展

介绍了板料成形数值模拟中材料模型的研究进展。将材料模型的理论研究分为屈服准则、强化模型、流动法则、加卸载历史4个方面,并进行简要综述;对材料在循环加载条件下应力应变曲线的实验获取方法进行了探讨,重点介绍了板料压缩、三点弯曲实验确定材料反向加载应力应变曲线的原理和方法;对当前屈服准则、强化模型的研究热点和发展方向进行了分析。     

流动应力-应变关系对5754O铝合金板成形极限的影响(英文)

为了合理描述单向拉伸试验曲线,给出了一种修正的Swift型流动应力—应变关系。基于两种流动应力—应变关系,采用Yld2000-2d屈服准则计算5754O铝合金板的成形极限应变图(FLD-strain)。通过对比理论和实验结果,发现基于修正的Swift型的应力—应变关系所计算的FLD-strain能够合理地描述实验结果。虽然常用的Voce型应力—应变关系能够精确地描述均匀变形阶段的变形行为,但基于该应力—应变关系计算的FLD-strain明显低于实验结果。结果表明,板料的强化率越高则相应的成形极限也越高。为了描述板料在非均匀变形阶段的变形行为和成形极限,建议了一种用于确定合理的流动应力—应变关系的方法。     

Experimental determination of yield loci for magnesium alloy AZ31 under biaxial tensile stress conditions at elevated temperatures

The finite element analysis (FEA) has become one of the most relevant and most important tools in fields of sheet metal forming for designing processes and dimensioning parts. However, reliability and quality of the numerical results strongly depend on the whole FE-model and especially on the modeling of the material behavior, which shows wide impact on calculated stresses and strains of sheet metal parts. Therefore, the experimental determination of characteristic material data concerning anisotropic and temperature-effects is essential. In this paper the influence of temperature on the yielding and the hardening behavior of the magnesium sheet metal alloy AZ31 are investigated for different uniaxial and biaxial stress conditions. For that purpose an experimental setup has been developed at the Chair of Manufacturing Technology (LFT) which enables biaxial tensile testing of sheet metal. Yield loci of AZ31 are determined as a function of temperature and they are based on solely measurement data of the forming process itself.     

影响板料成形回弹数值模拟精度的因素分析

分析了影响板料回弹精度的数值模拟因素：屈服准则、硬化模式、单元技术及有限元数值计算方法。研究结果表明各向异性屈服准则Barlat89更接近于材料的实际屈服行为；对于具有Bauschinger效应的材料及复杂加载问题，采用非线性混合强化材料模型预测板料回弹量的精度最高；由于实体壳单元具有实体单元和壳单元的优点，预测回弹模拟结果精度高。研究还表明，在时间允许的条件下，采用较小单元尺寸模拟精度高。     

关键参数对薄壁筒形件充液成形的影响规律

为了研究初始反胀高度(IRBH)、反胀压力(IRBP)和液室压力加载路径3个工艺参数对板料充液成形的影响规律,以不锈钢321材料为研究对象,进行板材充液成形工艺过程的分析。首先,利用数值模拟的方法,在有初始反胀(IRB)的充液成形基础上,研究了初始反胀高度与初始反胀压力的组合形式以及液室压力加载路径对制件成形的影响规律,然后分别研究了有无初始反胀的充液成形过程。最后,通过实验的方法进行验证。结果表明:当初始反胀高度为3.75 mm、初始反胀压力为2 MPa时,充液结束时板料的最大减薄率为4.803%,在所有结果中最小;无初始反胀时,零件壁厚最大减薄率为5%;当在充液拉深后期继续加大液室压力时,板料底部发生波动,出现二次变形,与此同时,板料最大减薄率增大。从而验证了合适的初始反胀高度和反胀压力可以减小制件壁厚的最大减薄率,液室压力加载路径不同,零件的壁厚分布也不同。     

Characterization of yielding behavior of sheet metal under biaxial stress condition at elevated temperatures

The enhancement of material modeling in fields of sheet metal forming is essential for finite element-based designing of processes and dimensioning of parts. Since new lightweight materials, e.g. aluminum and magnesium wrought alloys show anisotropic and temperature-dependent forming behavior adequate testing methods and evaluation strategies have to be developed to obtain the reliable material data. For that purpose an experimental setup has been designed at the Chair of Manufacturing Technology which enables biaxial tensile testing of sheet metal at elevated temperatures. In this paper, the setup is introduced and the obtained results, i.e. experimentally determined yield loci and subsequent yield loci as a function of temperature are given for the well-known aluminum alloy AA6016 as well as the magnesium alloy AZ31.     

板料n值测量方法的研究

在板料冲压成形过程中 ,板料的硬化指数n值具有十分重要的意义 ,因而n值的测量无论对理论研究还是对工程实践都非常必要。因此 ,涌现出众多的硬化指数n值的测量方法。到目前为止 ,常用的测量方法主要有一点法、两点法、阶梯形试件拉伸法等。这些方法各有其优缺点 ,其共同不足就是用这些方法测定的n值反映的只是均匀塑性变形阶段的硬化性能。为此 ,本文基于常规单向拉伸试件在拉断后出现的锥形现象 ,以拉伸过程中的3个特征点 (屈服之后靠近屈服的一点、最大载荷时刻的点和断裂时刻的点 )为基础 ,提出了一种测量n值的新方案———三点法。在此方案中 ,用 3个特征点表征的两个n值分别描述了板料在均匀塑性变形阶段和随后大塑性变形阶段的硬化性能 ,而大塑性变形在板料成形过程中是必不可少的。本文通过对软钢板、紫铜板等进行的试验研究 ,证明了此方案是可行的。而且 ,作为板材成形性重要参数的r值也可以在试验中同时获得     

航空发动机机匣钣金成形及屈服准则

钣金机匣作为航空发动机的主要构成零部件,其结构复杂、材料难于成形,且成形后内部存在不同程度的残余应力,随着计算机的发展,数值模拟成为辅助板料成形研究的主要手段,屈服准则是数值模拟的基础。本文对航空发动机机匣钣金成形性能做以叙述,对各向同性材料屈服准则、各向异性材料屈服准则、先进的各向异性材料屈服准则进行归纳,提出屈服准则应以屈服轨迹、单轴屈服应力、塑性各向异性参数等为选择依据,并提出未来屈服准则可沿新的屈服准则、描述非线性加载情况下的屈服轨迹、创新实验研究方法等方向发展。     

钛合金薄板高低速塑性行为及组织性能的实验研究

针对钛合金在航天军工领域的服役特点,利用万能材料试验机以及Hopkinson压杆对某α+β双相钛合金薄板静态及动态材料行为进行研究,给出了不同热处理制度下材料的应力应变关系,观察了材料的微观组织特征。研究结果表明,对于α+β双相钛合金薄板,垂直轧向的屈服强度高于平行轧向屈服强度,材料无明显加工硬化,屈服强度拉压不对称;高应变速率加载情况下材料并无明显应变强化,材料破坏表现为沿45°方向的剪断型破坏;强迫剪切过程中热处理前后均无明显绝热剪切带产生,材料发生沿45°方向流动,表现出良好塑性。     

AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON THE KINEMATIC HARDENING RULES FOR NONPROPORTIONAL CYCLIC PLASTICITY

1.IntroductionIthasveryimp0rtantsignificancetodescribeaccuratelythesolidmaterialplasticbe-haviorinpracticalapplication.F0rgeneralclassicalplasticitymodels,materialplasticbehavi0risgenerallydescribedbytheis0tropicl']andthekine.ati.[2]hardeningrules.Inthen0nproporti0nalcyclicloading,theprediction0fthedirectionofplasticstrainratevec-torismainlybasedonthekinematicrule-Therefore,astudyontheev0lutionsofplasticstrainratevectorandkinematichardeningduringnonprop0rtionalcyclinghasextremelyimp0rtantrole0…     

Numerical modeling of advanced materials

The finite element (FE) method is widely used to numerically simulate forming processes. The accuracy of an FE analysis strongly depends on the extent to which a material model can represent the real material behavior. The use of new materials requires complex material models which are able to describe complex material behavior like strain path sensitivity and phase transformations. Different yield loci and hardening laws are presented in this article, together with experimental results showing this complex behavior. Recommendations on how to further improve the constitutive models are given. In the area of damage and fracture behavior, a non-local damage model is presented, which provides a better prediction of sheet failure than the conventional Forming Limit Diagram.     

Numerical simulation of two-stage deep drawing of complex-shaped parts

1　INTRODUCTIONInrecentyears ,withtherapiddevelopmentofcomputersoftwareandhardware ,andtheintersectionandcombinationofcomputertechnology ,graphics ,mechanicsandprocessengineering ,thecomputeraid edengineering(CAE)technologybasedonnumericalsimulationhasbeenwidelyappliedinthesheetmetalformingfield[1,2 ] .Nevertheless ,untilnow ,thenu mericalsimulationisconfinedtosimulatesomebasicmodesofdeformationsuchasbending ,deepdraw ing ,bulgingandflanging .Forthedeformationofcomplexwork pieces ,forexa…     

高温合金超薄带材屈服轨迹的晶粒尺度依赖性研究

为了研究高温合金超薄带材屈服轨迹的晶粒尺度依赖性，通过单向拉伸试验和不同加载比例的双向拉伸试验获得了不同厚度和晶粒尺寸的高温合金超薄带材的试验屈服轨迹。结果表明，随着高温合金带材晶粒尺寸的增大，屈服轨迹整体向内收缩，且形状由椭圆形向方形转变，证明了高温合金带材屈服轨迹存在晶粒尺度依赖性。同时，评估了四种典型宏观屈服准则预测不同厚度与晶粒尺寸高温合金带材屈服轨迹的能力，发现Yld2000-2d屈服准则拟合精度最高，但随着带材厚度减小或晶粒尺寸增大，其预测精度逐渐下降。     

一种建立板料成形极限应力图的新方法

基于塑性理论建立了比例加载条件下双向拉伸应力应变关系,结合Swift分散性失稳准则,提出了一种建立板料成形极限应力图的方法。分别应用Hill 48和Hosford屈服准则以及单向拉伸性能参数,建立了铝合金板(r<1)和薄钢板(r>1)两种材料的成形极限应力图(FLSD),分析表明,不同的屈服准则的选取对于成形极限应力曲线有不同的影响,对于不同类型的材料屈服准则的影响程度也不同。与由通常的成形极限图(FLD)转换所得到的成形极限应力图(FLSD)进行了对比分析,结果表明,所提出的方法计算过程更为简便,并能较为准确地建立成形极限应力图,可以作为复杂加载路径下的成形极限破裂判据。     

铸造铝合金在多轴非比例载荷下的低周疲劳行为研究

主要研究了356铸造铝合金在多轴非比例载荷下的低周疲劳性能。结果表明，合金在循环变形过程中表现为循环硬化特征，循环硬化的程度表现出对非比例加载路径的依赖性；在相同等效应变幅值下，合金的非比例加载低周疲劳寿命小于比例加载，且非比例加载低周疲劳寿命也表现出对非比例加载路径的依赖性；在多轴疲劳寿命预测模型中考虑非比例加载路径对疲劳寿命的影响可以大大提高寿命模型预测的精确度。     

A Modified Mroz Model for Springback Prediction

A new anisotropic material hardening model is introduced in this study for springback simulation. It is modified from the Mroz multi-yield surface hardening model and incorporated more realistic Bauschinger effect for cyclic loading and anisotropic yield surfaces for sheet metals. The model is targeted for sheet metal forming simulations where the accurate springback predictions are important, and where materials have more rapid hardening characteristics and ability to sustain higher stresses such as so-called advanced high-strength steels (AHSS). The constitutive integration algorithm is derived and it is numerically implemented in the commercial FEA code via a user-material subroutine. The new model is applied to a U-channel forming test with DP600 steel. Experiments are conducted and springback results are compared with numerical prediction to demonstrate the new model’s effectiveness. This article was presented at Materials Science & Technology 2006, Innovations in Metal Forming symposium held in Cincinnati, OH, October 15–19, 2006.