高气压环境脉冲频率对超音频脉冲TIG焊接头焊缝成形和性能的影响

高气压环境会对焊接过程造成很大的负面作用,试验以焊接接头的熔宽、熔深、余高和维氏硬度作为主要评价指标,分析环境压力以及压力环境下脉冲频率对超音频直流脉冲TIG焊接头焊缝成形和性能的影响。结果表明,同一环境压力下,随着脉冲频率的提高,焊缝区的熔宽逐渐减小,熔深逐渐增加;随着脉冲频率的提高,热影响区的宽度和深度随之减小,热影响区的整体尺寸变小,表明超音频直流脉冲TIG焊在高压环境下具有减小热影响区的优势,进而提高焊接接头的质量。焊丝填充区的熔宽和熔深随脉冲频率的提高而减小,余高的整体变化不大,脉冲频率对焊缝余高的影响有限。在同种环境压力下不同脉冲频率得到的焊缝硬度曲线整体趋势相同,硬度值依次按焊缝区—熔合区—热影响区—母材顺序不断降低。随环境压力的提高,焊缝区金属冷却速率加快,焊缝中脆硬组织增加,进而使硬度增大。     

不锈钢超声-脉冲TIG焊缝的组织与性能

超声辅助TIG焊是一种新型高效焊接方法.前期研究中采用的是直流,而实际焊接中多用脉冲.采用超声辅助脉冲TIG焊方法焊接不锈钢1Cr18Ni9Ti,对焊接接头的组织和性能进行了分析,讨论了焊缝熔深增加、组织细化的机理.结果表明,施加超声振动后,焊缝熔深增加1倍以上,焊缝区组织细化,基值电流期间电弧压缩明显,接头抗拉强度和断后伸长率都有所提高.分析认为声流力是焊缝熔深增加的主要动力,声空化与声流搅拌的共同作用使焊缝组织细化.     

双丝脉冲MAG焊的熔滴过渡及工艺特征

搭建了并列式双丝脉冲MAG焊工艺试验系统,通过双丝脉冲协调控制器连接试验所用的两台电焊机,在试验过程中采集了焊接电流、电弧电压信号,并用高速摄像机对焊接过程的电弧行为与熔滴过渡过程进行了同步拍摄．应用上述试验系统,在实现稳定焊接过程的基础上,分别研究了脉冲峰值电压与脉冲基值电压、两个焊丝在垂直于焊道方向上的距离、焊枪倾角这三个因素对电弧行为、熔滴过渡过程及焊缝表面成形与焊缝几何尺寸的影响．确定了最理想的脉冲峰值一基值电压,并且发现在文中所述试验参数下,焊丝间距11mm为两电弧形成共熔池、同焊道的上临界距离．结果表明,随着焊枪倾角的增加,焊缝熔深增加,熔宽减小,在焊接速度和送丝速度不变的前提下余高增加．     

Effect of pulsed ultrasonic on arc acoustic binding in pulsed ultrasonic wave-assisted pulsed gas tungsten arc welding

This paper investigated the effect of pulsed ultrasonic on the microstructure and mechanical properties of weld joints using novel pulsed ultrasonic wave-assisted pulsed gas tungsten arc welding. The principle of proposed method was to apply pulsed ultrasonic to the welding process during background current. The results indicated that arc contraction degree, weld pool oscillation, and weld penetration were remarkably enhanced by applying pulsed ultrasonic. The microstructure refined by pulsed ultrasonic was much finer than those refined by continuous ultrasonic due to the more stable ultrasonic field in arc zone and consequent stronger fluid flow in weld pool. Furthermore, tensile strength of the joints with pulsed ultrasonic was significantly improved compared with that of the joints with no and continuous ultrasonic.     

The arc characteristic of ultrasonic assisted TIG welding

Many applications of ultrasonic-assisted methods were used during metal solidification, but they could not be introduced into weld pool. In this paper, a way of ultrasonic assisted TIG welding is introduced. By directly imposed ultrasonic vibration on welding arc, the vibration interacts with arc plasma and passes to the weld pool. Measurement results show that arc pressure is significantly increased with the ultrasonic vibration and the arc pressure distribution models are changed. Bead-on-plate welding tests on SUS304 confirm that this technology can influence the style of metal melting and increase weld penetration depth.     

Analytical studies on thermal behaviour and geometry of weld pool in pulsed current gas metal arc welding

In view of the criticality of pulsed current gas metal arc welding (P-GMAW) due to simultaneous influence of the pulse parameters on thermal and metal transfer behaviour of the process an analytical model has been developed for predicting the temperature and geometry of the weld pool by appropriately considering two types of heat sources of different nature. The model considers the impact of heat in droplets of filler metal depositing in the weld pool in addition to initial arc heating. The model assumes the primary heat transfer to weld pool is the initial arc heating considered as continuous heat source (arc heat source) of double ellipsoidal nature followed by deposition of superheated filler metal considered as point heat source of interrupted nature superimposed on the first one. The dissimilar nature of the two heat sources is treated by different analytical techniques to estimate their temperature distribution in weld pool and HAZ at its vicinity. The geometry of the weld pool has been estimated by evaluation of the weld isotherms causing melting of the base metal under the influence of two heat sources acting on the weld pool. The impact of impinging droplets on weld pool has been considered to determine the depth at which the droplets transfer their heat in it. The predicted temperature and geometry of the weld pool as well as the temperature of HAZ are found well in agreement to the experimental values with a deviation of the order of ±10% in case of the weld deposition of Al–Mg alloy and commercial aluminium especially at high mean current of the order of 180 A and beyond the transition current of the filler wire. However, prediction of weld pool temperature and weld geometry is relatively different at comparatively lower mean current of 150 A below the transient current of the filler wires is not up to the mark.     

高频调制电弧超声发射及其物理特性

由于传统的超声发射方法在实际焊接过程中的局限,提出了一种新的超声发生机构。利用高频功率电子开头逆变技术,在TIG焊接电弧回路中施加调制信号,对应着调制电流的上升沿和下降沿可分别激发出电弧超声。在调制度不大时,传声器接收到的声信号幅值和调制电流成正比。当调制脉宽超过一定值后,上升沿和下降沿激发出的超声信号可分开。试验表明,高频调制电弧的伏安特性更为无序。通过波动方程和对调制电弧物理特性的分析,解释了电弧超声产生的原因和声信号特征,电弧超声发射对于控制焊接过程、提高接头质量具有很高的工程价值。     

超声冲击处理工艺对Q345焊接热影响区残余应力的影响

目的降低Q345焊接热影响区的残余应力。方法假设Q345对接焊缝两侧热影响区对称位置的表面残余应力一致,并采用盲孔法测量进行验证。采用超声冲击设备对焊缝一侧热影响区进行不同工艺参数的冲击处理,并测量焊缝两侧的残余应力值。对比焊缝两侧残余应力大小,并以消减率评价残余应力的消除效果。结果焊缝两侧热影响区对称位置的表面残余应力差值不超过最大主应力值的7.5%。超声冲击处理使热影响区的表面拉应力转变为压应力,消减率达到88%~130%。冲击时间一定,冲击电流的增大使残余应力消减率增大,但消减率增加的趋势变小。冲击电流一定,冲击时间增大时,残余应力的消减率变化不明显。结论可以认为焊缝两侧热影响区对称位置的应力值相等。提高冲击电流能够提高冲击力,使热影响区发生更大的塑性变形及位错结构变化,进而提高残余应力的消减率。但由于加工硬化的影响,消减率增加的趋势减小。超声冲击电流一定时,冲击力是一定的,提高冲击时间对消除率并没有明显的影响。     

铜钢异种材料等离子弧焊接头性能

采用LHM-200等离子弧焊机对1 mm紫铜与低碳钢异种材料进行了熔透型等离子弧焊试验,得到了内部无缺陷、外观成形良好的接头.观察了接头的显微组织,并分析了工艺参数对接头力学性能的影响.结果表明,焊缝区中心显微组织呈细胞群状,界面两侧的组织特征呈现显著的不同,焊缝与铜侧界面没有明显的熔合线,局部呈漩涡状,钢侧与焊缝连接处出现了明显的分界线;最佳工艺为焊接电流为65 A,焊接速度为0.4 cm/s,离子气流量为0.7 L/min,此时接头抗拉强度可达176 MPa,试样断裂于铜母材热影响区.     

超声等离子焊接在液压支架修复工艺中的应用

为提升液压支架修复的可靠性和经济性,对超声等离子焊接的应用效果进行了数值模拟和试验研究。根据所设计超声等离子弧焊系统的焊枪结构与焊接工艺参数建立了超声场有限元模型,基于COMSOL求解等离子气体的速度场、电弧密度场和声压场。对修复后的液压支架试样进行了显微硬度、残余应力及冲击韧性等力学性能测试。结果表明,超声波可在同等条件下将电弧压力提升20%以上,并在4 mm电弧直径内显著增强电流密度,有效减小热影响区范围和残余应力;等离子气体流速与电弧密度在靠近支架焊缝区域以近似相反的变化趋势分布,二阶特征频率振源能够在电极附近产生驻波;修复后支架的平均硬度和室温冲击吸收能量相比母材分别提升了44.6%和45.8%。     

铝合金P-MIG焊接电流对电弧形态的影响

通过对铝镁合金进行脉冲氩弧焊(P-MIG),在相同平均电流和平均电压工作条件下,调节不同峰值电流和基值电流,获得了不同的电弧形态.峰值电流对电弧形态有着重要的影响,而基值电流基本没有影响.基值电流是维持电弧燃烧的参数,在基值时间阶段,必须给定一个足够大的基值电流才能维持电弧的稳定燃烧.文中定义了电弧形态的表征值,针对电流对电弧形态表征值的影响进行了分析.峰值电流是决定电弧温度和脉冲能量的重要参数,铝合金电弧充分燃烧时电弧长度、电弧宽度和电弧纵向截面面积随着峰值电流增加而增加.

Abstract：

Under the same average welding current and welding voltage, by regulating the different based current and peak current, the Al-Mg alloy was welded with Al-Mg filler wire. The photos of welding arc were obtained by using high-speed video photography.Peak current has great influence on the shape and characteristics of the arc. With increasing the peak cunent value, rotated arc appears and pulsed rotated metal transfer behavior occurs. Based current has little influence on the arc shape. Base current is the important parameter for keeping arc burning. At pulse off time, it must be given base current value which is large enough to keep the arc burning stably. In this study, the arc shape is defined by arc length, arc width and arc portrait cross-section area, which will be influenced by the weld current. Peak current is important parameter of arc temperature and pulse energy. The study shows that when the arc is burning at pulse on time, the arc length, arc width and arc pomait cross-section area increase with raising peak current.     

Influences of acoustic field parameters on welding arc behavior in ultrasonic-MIG welding

By applying ultrasonic-MIG welding as research object, the behaviors of welding arc were analyzed with varied ultrasonic parameters in welding using arc images recorded by high-speed camera. The influences of the current by exciting ultrasonic and the height and shape of ultrasonic radiator on welding arc were studied. Results showed that when the current was 150 mA, ultrasonic showed most distinct compressive effect on arc. The compressive volumes of arc length at different heights were calculated by adjusting the height of ultrasonic radiator continuously from 10 mm to 35 mm, there were three maximum points. The compressive degrees of them reduced successively. By utilizing different shapes of ultrasonic radiator, it revealed that ultrasonic radiator with spherical crown surface showed better compressive effect in a larger welding standard scope. When radius of radiator increased, axial compressive volume of arc enlarged, while an increasing curvature radius led to more distinct radial compression of arc.     

磁控电弧传感器对埋弧焊熔宽的影响

以磁控电弧传感器模型为基础,建立了磁控电弧传感器焊缝跟踪系统的细丝埋弧焊熔宽数学模型.利用该数学模型研究横向交变磁场下焊缝熔宽的变化规律,选取模型中的主要参数进行焊接试验,得到励磁频率和励磁电流对焊缝熔宽影响规律曲线,并将仿真模拟结果与实际焊接试验结果进行比较分析.结果表明,熔宽随励磁电流的增大而增大,随励磁频率的增大而减小;模拟结果和实际焊接试验结果基本吻合,从而验证了所建模型的正确性,为磁控传感器和细丝埋弧焊焊缝跟踪系统的设计和开发提供必要的理论指导.     

钛合金超音频直流脉冲GTAW焊缝组织性能

基于1.5 mm厚Ti-6Al-4V(TC4)钛合金平板对接试验,研究分析了超音频直流脉冲氩弧焊焊缝金相组织及焊接接头力学性能.结果表明,与常规直流钨极氩弧焊(gas tungsten arc welding,GTAW)相比,由于超音频直流脉冲方波电流的作用,气泡逸出速度增大,Ti-6Al-4V钛合金焊缝的气孔敏感性降低,熔池高温液态金属流动性增强,电弧能量集中,焊缝晶粒细化明显,其亚晶组织以短棒状a’马氏体组成的网篮状组织或a’片状组织与短棒状a’相交织的状态为主,焊接接头断后伸长率和断面收缩率显著提高.     

Pulse TIG Welding of Two Al-Mg-Si Alloys

This article reports the influence of pulse tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding parameters on the microstructure, hardness and tensile strength of weld joints of two Al-(0.5-0.8%)Si-(0.5-0.6%)Mg alloy (T4) produced by using three pulse frequencies (25, 33, and 50 Hz) and two duty cycles (40 and 50%). It has been observed that the mechanical properties (hardness and tensile strength) are sensitive to microstructure of weld metal, which is appreciably affected by the pulse parameters. Low frequency produced higher strength and hardness than high pulse frequency under identical welding conditions. Weld metal and HAZ were found stronger than the base metal. SEM study showed that the fracture of weldment was mostly brittle type.     

铝合金超声搅拌复合焊接

铝合金的搅拌摩擦焊（FSW）通常在焊接区形成上高下低”浅漏斗状”的温度场,使焊缝厚度方向的组织性能差异较大．为了得到更好的焊接效果,文中提出超声搅拌复合焊思想,将超声波通过搅拌头导入焊缝纵深处,以改善焊缝组织性能．试验采用2．5mm厚的2219铝合金分别用上述两种方法进行焊接,并对焊缝的微观组织和力学性能进行了分析比较...     

Study on arc characteristics and behavior of metal transfer in pulse current flux-cored arc welding of mild steel

The variation in arc characteristics and behavior of metal transfer with the change in pulse parameters has been studied by high speed video camera during pulse current flux cored arc weld deposition. A comparative study of similar nature has also been carried out during flux-cored arc weld deposition in globular and spray transfer modes. The effect of pulse parameters has been studied by considering their mean current and arc voltage. The arc characteristics studied by its root diameter, projected diameter and length, and the behavior of metal transfer noted by the metal transfer model and the droplet diameter have been found to vary significantly with the pulse parameters. The observation may help in understanding the arc characteristics with respect to the variation in pulse parameters which may be beneficial in using pulse current FCAW to produce desired weld quality.     

等离子弧焊Q345B和430不锈钢异种接头的微观组织与性能

摘要： 采用等离子弧焊对3 mm厚的Q345低合金钢与430不锈钢进行异种钢焊接,并对接头微观组织、力学性能及耐腐蚀性能进行了研究。结果表明,当转弧电流为100 A时,等离子弧焊Q345B/430异种钢接头的焊缝组织为均匀分布的马氏体及针状铁素体,焊接接头综合性能优良。随着电流的增大,焊缝组织转变为粗大板条马氏体及铁素体。两侧热影响区组织均发生一定程度的粗化,且Q345B侧热影响区出现魏氏组织。焊接接头于焊缝处显微硬度最大,不同转弧电流条件下异种钢显微硬度分布趋势大致相同。不同转弧电流下,焊接接头抗拉强度均与430不锈钢相近,且均断裂在靠近焊缝的430母材侧,转弧电流为100 A时接头抗拉强度最大值427 MPa。焊接接头的耐腐蚀性能与焊接电流呈负相关趋势。 创新点： 试验结果为铁素体低合金钢与铁素体不锈钢异种钢接头的应用提供了工艺数据与支撑。     

高频脉冲变极性焊接工艺性能研究

分析了高频脉冲电流对变极性焊接电弧特性、焊接工艺及焊缝性能的影响,试验结果表明,高频电流脉冲能够较大程度地压缩电弧等离子体、提高电弧轴向压力及电弧挺度,在相同焊接电流有效值的情况下,频率在5kHz以上的电流脉冲能将电弧力提高到普通变极性焊接的260%左右.同时高频脉冲电流能够提高变极性焊接的焊缝熔深,减小焊缝正面余高以及改善焊接效率.对于2219-T6时效强化铝合金而言,采用叠加10 kHz高频脉冲变极性焊接工艺,焊缝抗拉强度在未经任何焊后热处理的情况下能够达到300 MPa左右,相当于母材强度的67%.