1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢表面纳米化及力学性能

借助X射线衍射仪、透射电镜对1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢在超音速微粒轰击(SFPB)形变热处理过程中的纳米晶组织演化进行表征。研究结果表明,通过SFPB处理,1Cr18Ni9Ti钢表面获得了纳米组织,晶粒尺寸随着距表面距离的增加而增大,直至与基体粗晶相同;经SFPB处理30min后,表面晶粒尺寸趋于稳定,形成平均晶粒尺寸约16nm的随机取向的等轴状纳米晶。随着SFPB时间的增加,显微硬度显著增大,而试样的抗拉强度和屈服强度先升后降,延伸率降低;表面纳米化后拉伸试样断口为韧窝-微孔聚集型断裂,韧窝形成微孔,微孔相连而产生断裂。     

0Cr18Ni9不锈钢表面纳米化组织及其热稳定性对低温渗氮行为的影响

采用超音速微粒轰击技术(SFPB)对0Cr18Ni9不锈钢试样进行了表面纳米化处理,并对SFPB处理后的试样进行热处理和低温气体渗氮处理,分析讨论了表面纳米化组织及其热稳定性对低温渗氮行为的影响.结果表明:经SFPB处理后,试样表层形成厚约250 μm的变形区,表面组织为纳米晶,平均晶粒尺寸为15 nm,其变形机制以孪生为主,变形同时表面发生了马氏体相变,表面硬度明显提高.对SFPB处理的试样经450 ℃热处理后,纳米晶未发生明显粗化,马氏体量减少很小,硬度保持稳定,因而具有良好的热稳定性.晶粒细化、马氏体相变及其良好的热稳定性有利于实现低温快速渗氮,使渗层厚度明显增加,表层硬度得到进一步提高,硬度分布梯度也得到了改善.     

超音速微粒轰击0Crl8Ni9钢表面纳米化的研究

采用超音速微粒轰击(SFPB)技术对0Cr18Ni9钢进行表面纳米化;利用金相显微镜(OM)、X-射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和透射电镜(TEM)研究表层的组织结构变化,并进行了显微硬度测试分析.结果表明,经SFPB处理后,形成了约30 μm厚的纳米层.样品表层发生应变诱导马氏体相变;孪晶形变是0Cr18Ni9钢表面纳米化过程的主要变形方式;表面纳米化是晶粒细化与马氏体相变共同作用的结果,与基体相比,SFPB处理后材料的表层硬度显著提高.     

钛合金TC4表面纳米化及其热稳定性

利用超音速微粒轰击技术(supersonic fine particles bombarding,SFPB)对钛合金TC4进行了表面纳米化处理,并对SFPB处理后的试样进行不同温度2 h退火处理。借助X射线衍射、显微硬度计、透射电子显微镜和差热分析对纳米化及热处理后的试样进行了组织和性能表征,研究钛合金表面纳米化机理及其热稳定性。结果表明:经过SFPB处理后的试样在表层形成了纳米结构层,随着处理时间的延长,变形层厚度不断增加,晶粒尺寸逐步细化,当SFPB处理30 min后晶粒尺寸趋于稳定,在表层形成了晶粒尺寸约为15 nm具有随机取向的纳米等轴晶。纳米化后的试样在750℃退火时,纳米晶未发生明显粗化,因而具有很好的热稳定性。     

超音速微粒轰击0Cr18Ni9钢表面纳米化的研究

采用超音速微粒轰击（SFPB）技术对0Cr18Ni9钢进行表面纳米化;利用金相显微镜（OM）、X-射线衍射仪（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）和透射电镜（TEM）研究表层的组织结构变化,并进行了显微硬度测试分析。结果表明,经SFPB处理后,形成了约30μm厚的纳米层,样品表层发生应变诱导马氏体相变;孪晶形变是0Cr18Ni9钢表面纳米化过程的主要变形方式;表面纳米化是品粒细化与马氏体相变共同作用的结果,与基体相比,SFPB处理后材料的表层硬度显著提高。     

马氏体组织对SFPB处理双相钢表面纳米结构及力学性能的影响

目的 通过对不同微观组织铁素体/马氏体双相钢进行表面纳米化处理,探究材料表面晶粒细化和塑性变形机理。方法 采用超音速微粒轰击（SFPB）技术对经临界区退火（IA）、中间淬火（IQ）和分级淬火（SQ）后的双相钢进行纳米化处理,采用SEM、OM和XRD研究试验钢表面SFPB前后的微观组织特征,采用显微硬度仪测试其表面硬度,采用拉伸实验测试其力学性能。结果 热处理后,IA、IQ和SQ试样马氏体组织分别呈岛状、纤维状和块状,IQ试样平均晶粒尺寸最小,但马氏体体积分数最大。SFPB工艺处理后,双相钢表面形成了一定厚度的梯度纳米晶层（GNS）,该晶层内的晶粒尺寸均达到纳米级别,且随距离表面深度的增大而增大。IA-GNS、IQ-GNS和SQ-GNS试样表面硬度分别为285.9、266.7、382.1HV,抗拉强度分别为771.30、820.02、663.81 MPa,延伸率分别为8.89%、14.70%、10.04%。IQ-GNS试样断口以韧窝为主,SQ-GNS和IA-GNS试样断口韧窝较少,有明显裂纹开口。结论 表面产生强烈塑性变形时,由于位错的分割作用,表面晶粒尺寸细化至纳米级,材料强度大幅提高,同时纳米级纤维状马氏体微观组织的存在使得IQ-GNS试样保持了较高的塑韧性。     

表面纳米化对304不锈钢渗碳层组织和性能的影响

利用表面机械研磨(SMAT)对304不锈钢进行表面自纳米化处理,并对其纳米化表面进行渗碳处理。利用光学显微镜、X-射线衍射仪、磨料磨损试验机和显微硬度仪对处理后的不锈钢表面组织和性能进行研究。结果表明:经SMAT处理并渗碳后,渗碳层晶粒细化,组织发生奥氏体向马氏体转变,显著提高了材料的力学性能;表面机械研磨处理后的材料的渗碳层厚度明显高于直接渗碳的粗晶材料的渗碳层厚度,渗碳层组织中主要碳化物为Cr7C3和Cr23C6,显微硬度也有明显提高;经过表面自纳米化和渗碳复合处理,材料的耐磨性得到较大提升。     

纯钛(TA2)表面纳米化及其热稳定性研究

利用超音速微粒轰击(SFPB)技术对纯钛(TA2)试样进行了表面纳米化处理,并对SFPB处理后的试样进行不同温度的热处理。通过X射线衍射(XRD)、金相显微镜(OM)、显微硬度计和透射电子显微镜(TEM)分析测试,研究纯钛表面SFPB处理后的纳米化机理及其热稳定性。结果表明:经SFPB处理后试样表层形成了尺寸约为20nm随机取向的等轴晶粒,变形机制以孪生为主,且随层深增加,形变孪晶逐渐由多系转变为单系。纳米化后在450℃热处理时,纳米晶未发生明显粗化,因而具有良好的热稳定性。     

高速旋转丝变形表面纳米化

采用高速旋转丝变形工艺对低碳钢表面进行塑性变形,以实现材料的表面纳米化.用光学显微镜、x射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、显微硬度计和表面粗糙度测量仪等研究塑性变形处理后样品的显微组织及表面性能变化.结果表明:低碳钢经过高速旋转塑性变形处理后,在表面形成厚度为40μm的塑性变形层,最表面层的晶粒尺寸约为16nm,晶粒尺寸沿深度方向不断增大;表层显微硬度比心部基体硬度提高3倍;但表面粗糙度 Ra 增加到10μm.     

低温HVOF微粒撞击稀土镁合金表面纳米化的组织特征

材料失效多发生于表面,采用超音速火焰喷涂设备获得了低温HVOF微粒,对稀土镁合金表面进行纳米化处理,并利用金相显微镜和透射电镜对处理后的试样进行微观组织表征分析,沿试样厚度方向进行显微硬度测试。结果表明：镁合金表层晶粒细化明显,形成了晶粒尺寸小于20 nm的随机取向的纳米晶,纳米晶层深约80 μm,随着深度的增加晶粒尺寸增加。表面纳米化是通过位错和孪晶的协调变形,导致大晶粒被分割细化而成。表层硬度显著提高,是基体硬度的2倍。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

The Mirror with Patterns of Auspicious Animals and Grapes——Exquisite cast mirror and the technology of surface tin-enrichment by rubbing-in and infiltration of tin-rich powder

<正>Bronze mirrors were used by the Chinese people before the introduction of the glass mirror.Only after it was replaced by the glass mirror did the bronze mirror gradually retreat from people's lives.Different styles of bronze mirrors were made in different historical periods,particularly in the Warring States Period,the Han and Tang Dynasties,which were the three peaks of the development of bronze mirror arts in ancient China.The casting techniques were exquisite.The surface of the bronze mirror was smooth and bright enough to reflect one's image,and there were scarcely any casting defects on the mirror surface.On the back of the bronze mirror,there were rich depictions of Arts and Humanities,and the ornamentations were also     

The 9th China International Diecasting Congress & Exhibition

The 9th China International Diecasting Congress ＆ Exhibition was held on July 22-24, 2014 at Shanghai New International Expc Centre. This exhibition was the most successful over the years, with over 6890 visitors and 155 exhibitors, and the exhibition area increased by 30% from 9,500 square meters in 2012 to 12340 square meters. Die casting enterprises from a total of 24 countries and regions, including China mainland, Chinese Taiwan and Hong Kong, South Korea, Japan, Germany, India, Thailand, Malaysia, the United States, Russia, Australia, Iran, Ukraine, Brazil, Colombia, Singapore, Austria, Canada, Croatia, France, Turkey, United Kingdom, Vietnam, attended the congress and exhibition.     

Introduction of the Fluid Control Engineering Institute of Kunming University of Science and Technology

正The Fluid Control Engineering Institute of Kunming University of Science and Technology was set up in 1996.The researches of institute concentrate on electro-hydraulic(pneumatic)servo/proportional control and hydromechatronics.The Institute is committed to research and development of electro-hydraulic control of high-end technical equipment in ferrous metallurgy refining produc-     

RARE METALS Volume Contents

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