Welding deformation control of medium-thickness structures made by advanced high strength steel

In order to investigate the residual angular deformation in fillet welding of T-joint of HG785 high strength steel with a medium thickness plate, both detailed thermo-mechanical finite element simulation and conventional gas metal arc welding experiment were carried out in the present study. In-process deformation control method using backheating method to reduce the residual deformation was discussed.     

Effect of variable polarity frequency on 2A14-T6 aluminum alloy welds using HPVP-GTAW process

Hybrid ultrahigh frequency pulse variable polarity gas tungsten arc welding （HPVP-GTAW） for 2A14-T6 high strength aluminum alloy was carried out and the effects of variable polarity frequency with constant pulse current frequency 40 kHz on weld bead geometry, microstrueture and microhardness were analyzed. Experimental results indicate that, compared to that of the conventional VP-GTAW process, the weld depth and ratio of weld depth to width are improved significantly by the variable polarity frequency in the HPVP-GTAW process, which the ratio of weld depth to width is improved by 36% at equal variable polarity frequency of 100 Hz, and improved by 55% with that of 200 Hz. Weld microstructure and microhardness distribution are changed obviously with the increase of variable polarity frequency. In the conventional VP-GTA W process, the grains in weld central zone are coarser, and the microhardness in weld central zone and fusion zone is about 95 HV and the lowest 82 HV, respectively. The microhardness is enhanced to a certain extent both in the weld central zone and fusion zone with the variation of variable polarity frequency in the HPVP-GTAW process due to the refinement and uniformity of weld microstructure. With the variable polarity frequency of 600 Hz, the microhardness in weld central zone and fusion zone reaches nearly 110 HV and 97 HV, respectively.     

超高强度钢与镀锌双相钢电阻点焊接头强度试验

试验研究了超高强度硼钢板/镀锌双相钢板的电阻点焊接头质量缺陷及其产生原因,通过正交试验设计,重点讨论了焊接电流、通电时间和电极压力对点焊接头强度的影响.结果表明:超高强度硼钢板/镀锌双相钢点焊中超高强度钢板侧更易出现飞溅和烧穿问题,通电时间和焊接电流强度时点焊接头拉剪强度影响显著,这类钢板组合的焊接应优先采用大电流、短...     

Development of Ag-Cu-Zn-Sn brazing filler metals with a 10 weight-% reduction of silver and same liquidus temperature

With BrazeTec BlueBraze the manufacturers in HVACR industry have an alternative filler metal with 10 weight-% less silver but same brazing temperatures. The performance of these new alloys has been evaluated in several tests. The evaluation included wetting investigations, metallographic examinations, joint strength at different temperatures and pulsation and corrosion resistance. The results of these tests will be presented in this paper.     

Static strength of hot-stamped spot welded joints: study on spot welding tailored blank technology

Hot stamping spot welding tailored blank technology is a process to produce spot welded automotive body parts by the following process: spot welding steel sheets in lap configuration → hot stamping (heating to about 900°C) → quenching and forming in water-cooled die → shot blasting to remove scale. This process has the advantage of producing high strength lap welded automotive body parts without increasing the number of forming dies. In this study, the mechanical properties of the hot stamped spot weld (spot welding → hot stamping) and conventional spot weld (hot stamping → spot welding) of the 1500 MPa class uncoated boron steel sheets were compared. The obtained results are as follows. The tensile shear strength (TSS) of the hot-stamped spot weld and conventional spot weld were comparable and the fracture modes were the same. On the other hand, the cross tension strength (CTS) of hot-stamped spot weld was significantly higher than that of the conventional spot weld. The fracture position of the hot-stamped spot weld was outside the nugget and conventional spot weld was inside the nugget. The high CTS of the hot-stamped spot welds might be caused by the improvement of the fracture toughness of the nugget, which was caused by reduction of the solidification segregation of the phosphorus. It is assumed that the heating process after spot welding leads to the reduction of the solidification segregation. For the tension test because there was no HAZ softening in the hot-stamped spot weld, no fracture was observed in HAZ and a higher elongation was obtained.     

Effect of rotary direction and speed on mechanical properties in friction stir spot welding of A6061 sheets e

Friction stir spot welding of A6061 sheets was conducted using a tool with thread pin. The hook geometries, hook formation and mechanical properties of the joints welded with different rotary directions and speeds were investigated. The results show that the hook in the joint welded in clockwise was curved upwards and that in anticlockwise was curved downwards. The hook formation was related to the plastic material flow in the joint. With increasing the rotary speed in clockwise direction, the hook moved upwards and far way from the center of the keyhole, resulting in an increase in the effective weld width and a decrease in the effective sheet thickness. Three types of fractuces were observed and they were affected by the hook geometries. The tensile shear load increased firstly and then decreased when the rotary speed increased in clockwise direction, which was related to the hook geometries.     

Neural network prediction of the shunt current in resistance spot welding

An error back propagation （BP） neural network prediction model was established for the shunt current compensation in series resistance spot welding. The input variables for the neural network consist of the resistivity of the material, the thickness of workpiece and the spot spacing, and the shunt rate is outputted. A simplified calculation for the shunt rate was presented based on the feature of the constant-current resistance spot welding and the variation of the resistance in resistance spot welding process, and then the data generated by simplified calculation were used to train and adjust the neural network model. The neural network model proposed was used to predict the shunt rate in the spot welding of 20# mlid steel （in Chinese classification） （in 2. 0 mm thickness） and 10# mild steel （in 1.5 mm and 1.0 mm thickness）. The maximum relative prediction errors are, respectively, 2. 83%, 1.77% and 3.67%. Shunt current compensation experiments were peoCormed based on the neural network prediction model proposed to check the diameter difference of nuggets. Experimental results show that maximum nugget diameter deviation is less than 4% for both 10# and 20# mlid steels with spot spacing of 30 mm and 50 mm.     

Rapid ultrasonic C-scan test for spot welding based on image interpolation

In this paper, ultrasonic C-scan test of spot welds for stainless steel has been studied. It is concluded that large scanning step length contributes to high testing efficiency, however, the low-resolution C-scan image generated cannot be used to assess spot welding quality reliably. Based on bicubic image interpolation, the C-scan image in low resolution with the large step length 1 000 ~xm is subdivided and reconstructed. By this means, the C-scan image resolution is greatly enhanced and testing results obtained are satisfactory, realizing rapid assessment of spot welds. The results of rapid ultrasonic C-scan test fit the actual metallographic measured value well. Mean value of normal distribution of error statistics is O. 006 67, and the standard deviation is O. 087 11. Rapid ultrasonic C-scan test based on image interpolation is of high accuracy and excellent stability.     

Experimental study on the shear strength of side fillet weld of Q235B steel post high temperatures

In order to learn the variation laws of shear strength of side fillet weld post high temperatures, the tension tests were conducted after the double-strapped side fillet welded joints which were cooled down from different high temperatures with different cooling patterns. The tests indicate that specimens appear brittle fracture at the side fillet weld during the tension tests after cooling down. The fracture su（face is located in the welding throat. The maximum temperatures undergone and the cooling pattern are major factors influencing shear strength of side fillet welded joint post high temperatures. The shear strength reduces by 24% at most within 900 ~C. Based on the experimental results, the calculation formulas of shear strength of side fillet weld post high temperatures were proposed. Conclusions supply references for evaluation damage and reinforcement of steel structure post fire.     

超高强度块体Al90Mn8Ce2合金

用快速凝固／粉末冶金法，制备了致密超高强度块体Al90Mn8Ce2合金，其尺寸为直径20mm、长10mm.合金的致密度大于99％，合金抗压强度达到895MPa，压延塑性超过6％．合金获得超高强度主要是由于亚稳态二十面体准晶相在803K和1.2GPa条件下仍稳定存在，对α—A1基体起强化作用。     

Formation mechanism of the porous zone at the bonded Si3 N4/Ni interface

Diffusion bonding of Si3N4 ceramic to itself was performed using Ni interlayer. A flat Si3N4/Ni interface was found at a lower temperature （ 1 273 K）. Whereas at a higher temperature （ 1 473 K）, a porous zone located at the Si3N4/Ni interface and some petal-like Ni3 Si compounds precipitated in the Ni interlayer were observed. The formation mechanism of the porous zone was investigated based on a fracture analysis. An additional stress （O＇add ） generated at the Si3NJNi interface played an important role in the formation of the porous zone, which was resulted from the aggregation of nitrogen during the bonding process. A calculation equation of the O＇aaj was derived to analyze its effects. The results indicated that %~ was directly in dependent with diffusion bonding temperature and dwell time.     

Research on the properties of MAG welded joint of X65 pipeline steel

With the worldwide pipeline construction boom, the pipeline welding technology has rapidly developed. Considering the needs of some projects, many tests of mechanical properties of X65 pipeline steel metal active-gus （MAG） welded joint have been carried out, and so do the analysis of metallographic structure characteristics and the impact fracture appearance of joint. The results show that, using MAG welding, the test data of mechanical properties of their girth welded joint are in conformity with the relevant technical standards （ API1104 ）. MAG welding with COz protection has the characteristics of low hydrogen, energy-saving and environmental protection. Therefore, it should be noted to develop the welding materials and equipments vigorously for this welding method.     

Effects of Chromium on the Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of AlCoCrxFeNi2.1 Eutectic High Entropy Alloys

In the present study,a series of AlCoCrxFeNi2.1 (x=0,0.25,0.5,0.75,1.0) eutectic high entropy alloys (EHEAs) have been designed and prepared.And the effect of Cr content on the microstructures and mechanical properties of the AlCoCrxFeNi2.1 alloys was systematically investigated.The results indicate that the AlCoCrxFeNi2.1 (x ＞ 0) alloys exhibit almost complete lamellar eutectic microstructures with a mixture structure of FCC and B2 phases.And the AlCoFeNi2.1 alloy without Cr element exhibited a hypoeutectic microstructure with a primary B2 phase.In addition,the eutectic microstructures for AlCoCrxFeNi2.1 eutectic alloys do not change significantly.The room temperature compressive tests results show that with an increase in Cr content (from x =0 to x =1.0),the yield strength will first decrease,and thereafter increase.The trend is the opposite with the fracture strength and plastic strain.They show an increase trend at first,and then decrease.The AlCoCr0.5FeNi2.1 (Cr0.5) alloy shows the best comprehensive mechanical properties.The tensile yield strength,fracture strength,and elongation are 536.5 MPa,1062 MPa,and 13.8％,respectively.Furthermore,the Cr0.5 alloy also displays a high strength with a yield strength of 362 MPa at 700 ℃.In summary,by changing the Cr content,AlCoCrxFeNi2.1 eutectic high entropy alloys with excellent comprehensive mechanical properties were obtained and prepared.     

Characterising thermoacoustic emission in alternating current spot welding process

The acoustic emission of spot welding with thermoacoustic theory was studied in this paper, which provides new basis to analyze the quality of nugget with acoustic signal. The result shows that the thermoacoustic emission exists in both 5052 Al alloy and cold-rolled steel AC spot welding process and this process takes place later than the load of welding current, and the frequency of thermoacoustic is twice as that of the welding current. The amplitudes of thermoacoustic signals detected from different angles are different, which undergo an up-down-up process. The thermoacoustic emission shows different trends with the thickness increase in AC resistance spot welding experiment for 5052 Al alloy and cold-rolled steel.     

先进高强钢电阻点焊接头断裂模式的研究进展

随着汽车轻量化的发展趋势,先进高强钢(Advanced high strength steels,AHSS)在汽车结构中的应用逐渐增加,因此研究AHSS电阻点焊接头具有重要意义。重点关注AHSS点焊接头的断裂模式问题,综述近年来国内外关于同种材料两层板断裂模式、异种材料两层板断裂模式、三层板断裂模式、断裂模式的数值模拟以及界面断裂抑制方法等方面的研究进展,提出AHSS点焊接头的断裂模式及机制研究中有待解决的问题,展望未来关于AHSS点焊接头的断裂模式的研究热点和方向。     

母材成分对DP590钢电阻点焊接头性能的影响

通过对两种强度相近、母材化学成分不同的DP590双相钢电阻点焊接头的强度、断口及熔核TEM分析,揭示了母材化学成分对双相钢点焊接头强韧性的影响规律及机理.结果表明,母材碳含量越高,接头正拉强度及韧性越差,其主要机理是,在电阻点焊不平衡的急速冷却条件下,随着母材碳含量的增加,在点焊熔核及熔合区形成了板条状或片状的孪晶马氏体亚结构,从而降低了接头的韧性.     

轧后冷却对汽车用含硼超高强度钢组织和性能的影响

通过对比两种不同的轧后冷却工艺对汽车用含硼超高强度钢组织与性能的影响,得出此类钢轧制后喷水快速冷却到450℃,然后空冷至室温,可以获得贝氏体+铁素体组织,从而使实验钢获得较高的屈服强度和抗拉强度;而轧制后直接空冷至室温,获得的组织为铁素体+细珠光体+少量贝氏体,实验钢的抗拉强度较前者低260MPa.     

MS1400/DP980钢的电阻点焊的工艺性能分析

为了研究电阻点焊在先进高强钢的应用,对厚度为1.2 mm的MS1400和DP980钢进行点焊试验. 试验表明,接头一字拉伸断裂试验有三种失效模式:界面断裂、纽扣拔出以及部分纽扣拔出,通过调节焊接时间和焊接电流的工艺参数实现纽扣拔出得到较优参数. 在较优参数下分析MS1400与DP980钢两侧热影响区的各区域以及熔核区的金相组织,各区域的变化与显微硬度分布曲线基本对应.     

Warm and hot punching of ultra high strength steel sheet

Warm and hot punching using resistance heating was developed to improve the quality of sheared edges of an ultra high strength steel sheet. As the heating temperature increased, the depth of the shiny burnished surface on the sheared edge increased and that of the rough fracture surface decreased. The rollover depth and burr height of the sheared edge became large above 800 °C. Although the roughness of the burnished surface was almost constant, the roughness of the fracture surface increased from 650 °C. The punching load was extremely reduced by the heating, i.e. 40% of the cold punching load at 650 °C and 15% at 1070 °C. The local resistance heating of the shearing region was efficient for the warm and hot shearing. It was found that the warm and hot shearing of ultra high strength steel sheets is effective for improving the quality of the sheared edge and in reducing the shearing load.     

Enhancing High-Temperature Strength and Thermal Stability of Al_2O_3/Al Composites by High-Temperature Pre-treatment of Ultrafine Al Powders

Amorphous Al_2 O_3-reinforced Al composite(am-Al_2 O_3/Al) compacted from ultrafine Al powders for high-temperature usages confronts with drawbacks because crystallization of am-Al_2 O_3 at high temperatures will result in serious strength loss.Aiming at this unsolved problem,in this study,high-temperature Al materials with enhanced thermal stability were developed through introducing more thermally stable nano-sized particles via high-temperature pre-treatment of ultrafine A1 powders.It was found that the pre-treatment at ≤550℃ could introduce a few Al_2 O_3 in the Al matrix and increase the strength of the composites,but the strength was still below that of am-Al_2 O_3/Al because without being pinned firmly,grain boundaries(GBs) were softened at high temperature and intergranular fracture happened.When the pre-treatment was carried out at 600℃,nitridation and oxidation processes happened simultaneously,producing large numbers of intergranular(AlN+γ-Al_2 O_3) particles.GB sliding and intergranular fracture were suppressed;therefore,higher strength than that of am-Al_2 O_3/Al was realized.Furthermore,the(AIN+γ-Al_2 O_3)/Al exhibited more superior thermal stability compared to amAl_2 O_3/Al for annealing treatment at 580℃ for 8 h.Therefore,an effective way to fabricate high-temperature Al composite with enhanced thermal stability was developed in this study.