U型截面弯曲件失稳起皱分析

对Ｕ型截面弯曲件失稳起皱问题进行了研究，通过板材成形性能实验及起皱模拟实验，对失稳起皱原因进行了分析，为类似的异型截面弯曲件起皱的预防提供了可行的实验分析方法。     

圆板成对无液压胀形过程的研究

本文通过实验和有限元模特怪圆板成对无液压胀形过程进行了研究。在有限元模拟中，分析了初始几何缺陷对壳体起皱的临界压力和起皱形态的影响。结果表明，有限元模拟的带初始缺陷的壳体胀形时的起皱临界压力和起皱形态与实验结果非常吻合，而完善壳体的起皱临界压力和起皱形态与实验结果则有较大差别。     

汽车后地板上横梁冲压工艺优化

某汽车后地板上横梁在拉延后,出现了严重的起皱缺陷。针对该问题,首先使用Auto Form软件模拟其拉延工序,分析起皱原因。由于拉延过程中板料中间的材料没有被充分拉延,导致在产品台阶圆角与侧壁交界处因剪应力造成起皱。其次,利用Auto Form软件对冲压工艺进行了优化。仿真实验结果表明,通过增大台阶面的过渡圆弧半径R可以减少起皱,当R值过大时,在后序翻边时会导致台阶边缘有开裂风险,当R为400 mm时,产品成形较好。最后,通过冲压试验验证该优化方案的有效性,起皱问题得到了有效控制,从而减少了模具开发成本,缩短了生产周期,保证了该产品按期交货。     

圆板成对无模液压胀形过程的研究

本文通过实验和有限元模拟对圆板成对无模液压胀形过程进行了研究。在有限元模拟中,分析了初始几何缺陷对壳体起皱的临界压力和起皱形态的影响。结果表明,有限元模拟的带初始缺陷的壳体胀形时的起皱临界压力和起皱形态与实验结果非常吻合,而完善壳体的起皱临界压力和起皱形态与实验结果则有较大差别     

钛合金马鞍形薄蒙皮热压成形起皱缺陷控制

钛合金马鞍形薄蒙皮零件采用一次热压偶合成形,容易产生起皱缺陷。以某机身TC4 0.8 mm马鞍形蒙皮为研究对象,运用成形理论和力学知识,分析起皱产生的原因及规律,提出了分型面多步热压成形工艺设计和模具压边结构设计两种控制起皱的方法。研究结果表明,受冲压成形过程中金属流动不均匀与悬空区板坯平面内压应力过大的影响,马鞍形蒙皮容易发生剪应力起皱,起皱部位一般发生在马鞍侧壁区域。采用分型面多步成形可降低零件工艺难度,优化设计模具压边结构有利于控制金属的流动趋势,从而抑制悬空侧壁区材料堆积起皱。最终,通过工艺试验,试制出表面质量完好的马鞍形蒙皮零件。     

内高压成形起皱行为的研究

对内高压成形起皱过程进行了理论分析、数值模拟和实验研究．分析了加载路径、成形区长径比等因素对皱纹数量和工件成形效果的影响．结果表明：不是所有的皱纹都是失效形式，在某些情况下，管料起皱后仍然可以成形，关键是获得有益皱而不是死皱，通过起皱在成形区聚料是一种有效的预成形方法，该方法拓宽了内高压成形区间．     

ST16薄壁曲面件拉深成形起皱规律

采用ST16钢板，以直径为Φ200 mm、厚径比为0.5%的球形薄壁曲面件作为研究对象，通过数值模拟和工艺实验研究了拉延筋与压边力耦合作用下薄壁曲面件的起皱规律。结果表明，无拉延筋时需要4 MPa的压边力才能抑制起皱缺陷；使用拉延筋时仅需1 MPa压边力即可抑制起皱，通过设置拉延筋可以大幅降低压边力。大的拉延筋中心距更利于抑制起皱，但会加重壁厚减薄。选择合适的拉延筋中心距可以在抑制起皱的同时调控壁厚均匀性，最终实验试件的最大壁厚减薄率仅为10.4%。     

无压边多点成形中起皱的分析与控制

起皱是板材无压边多点成形中容易产生的成形缺陷。本文根据对多点成形过程中起皱的数值模拟与力学分析,基于Donnell-Mushtari-Vlasov的浅壳理论,给出了球面多点成形局部起皱的判断准则,计算了起皱的临界应力。利用多点成形的柔性可变的特点,可以抑制甚至完全消除起皱缺陷,有关的成形实验结果说明了变路径多点成形及分段成形技术抑制起皱的有效性。     

某汽车前门内板冲压成形仿真起皱评价指标失效研究

以某汽车前门内板拉延过程中出现的起皱缺陷为例，通过鱼骨分析法对起皱原因进行排查，并对前期工艺设计阶段的冲压仿真进行回顾，得出仿真与实际流入量情况基本一致。再通过起皱趋势、表面缺陷高度、过程分析以及成形性等冲压仿真的起皱评价指标对前门内板的拉延过程进行评估，发现以上起皱评价指标在产品平缓区域存在失效情况。针对此情况，引入起皱高度Δ,并将其与板料跟上模的接触距离关联起来，通过板料厚度的3%、5%和10%这3个阈值对冲压件的起皱进行量化分级，同时优化冲压成形仿真参数设置，提出了针对产品平缓区域的起皱评价指标及流程。最后，通过工程验证，该起皱评价指标及流程对产品平缓区域的起皱评估有效。     

连续辊压成形中的起皱缺陷分析

三维曲面连续辊压成形技术是一种新型的板材成形技术,通过一对可弯曲辊及其形成的辊缝即可实现双向曲率的板料成形。利用数值模拟方法对连续辊压过程中板材的最大压缩率和板材厚度对起皱缺陷的影响进行了研究。研究结果表明,当最大压缩率过大时,凸曲面件中间部位与鞍形件边缘易产生起皱缺陷,起皱程度随最大压缩率增加而增大。增大板材厚度,对失稳起皱具有抑制作用。对数值模拟结果进行实验验证,利用PRO CMM光学追踪器对实验件进行三维型面测量分析,实验结果证明了模拟结果的正确性。     

Finite element analysis of the wrinkling initiation and growth in modified yoshida buckling test

Wrinkling is one of the major defects in sheet metal products and may be also attributable to the wear of the tool. The initiation and growth of wrinkles are influenced by many factors such as stress ratios, mechanical properties of the sheet material, geometry of the workpiece, contact condition, etc. In the study, the bifurcation theory is introduced for the finite element analysis of wrinkling initiation and growth. All the above mentioned factors are conveniently considered by the finite element method. The wrinkling initiation is found by checking the determinent of the stiffness matrix at each iteration and the wrinkling behavior is analyzed by successive iteration with the perturbed guess along the eigenvector. The effept of magnitude of perturbation on the wrinkling behavior can be avoided by the Newton-type iteration method. The finite element formulation is based on the incremental deformation theory and elastic-plastic material modeling. The finite element analysis is carried out using the continuum-based resultant shell elements considering the planar anisotropy of the sheet metal. In order to investigate the effects of geometry and stress state on the wrinkling initiation and growth, a modified Yoshida buckling test is proposed as an effective buckling test. The finite element analysis are carried out for the modified Yoshida buckling test. The buckling behavior of the sheet is analyzed for various modified dimensions.     

矩形薄钢板高温态横向皱曲的解析与实验研究

承受非均匀拉伸矩形薄钢板的横向皱曲现象,既存在于汽车零件冲压成形制造中,也常见于薄带钢生产制造(尤其连续退火和热镀锌)中,是一个未完全解决的力学问题。文章认为矩形板宽度方向局部区域张力集中诱导生成的压应力是这一力学现象发生的主因,通过利用伽辽金变分与泛函分析原理给出了一种收敛性好、速度快的求解矩形方板弹塑性状态下应力场与屈曲临界应力的一种迭代算法,讨论了板的几何尺寸、拉伸非均匀度、材料性能对弹塑性状态前屈曲应力场的影响,根据临界载荷最小原则对皱曲区域进行了合理优化,同时结合有限元仿真和常温态非均匀拉伸实验,验证了解析计算模型的合理性。     

Investigation into wall wrinkling in deep drawing process of conical cups

Wrinkling phenomenon has been one of the major limiting failure modes in sheet metal forming processes. Wrinkling phenomenon in sidewall area of the cup formed in the conical cup test was considered both experimentally and numerically. A new deflection function is developed in this research and the effects of material anisotropy on the onset of wrinkling are studied using Hosford and Hill-1948 yield criteria under isotropy, normal anisotropy and planar anisotropy conditions. It was observed that application of Hosford yield criterion resulted in better prediction of wrinkling onset. It was also found that as the effective stress increases, consistency between predicted results and experimental data at the onset of wrinkling improves. Also, a good agreement between experimental data and predictions using proposed deflection function is obtained.     

125摩托车油底壳拉深起皱现象分析与解决

拉深起皱是125摩托车油箱底壳在试模期间经常遇到的问题。以ETA/DynaForm软件为平台,模拟125摩托车油箱底壳拉深起皱现象,并从应力、应变状态着手,分析起皱原因,提出解决方案。经分析结果得到起皱的主要原因为板料在成形过程中应力分量不均衡,采用一模两件的方案有效平衡了制件开口处的应力分布,同时通过加大压边力、改变摩擦系数、增设拉深筋和改变坯料尺寸,基本上消除了制件拉深试模过程中的起皱等缺陷。     

Parametric Study of Metal/Polymer Multilayer Coatings for Temperature Wrinkling Prediction

This article presents an analytic model for the prediction of wrinkling occurring in metal/polymer coatings under particular conditions. Owing to different thermal expansion coefficients (TECs) of the substrate and the different coating layers, temperature variation can induce a compressive stress in the coating. The wrinkling is the material response to the instability caused by this compressive stress. In this study, a reference case was selected: a 0.27-mm-thick steel sheet with a 5-μm-thick polymer layer and, on top of it, a thin aluminum film of 50 nm in thickness. For this reference case, it was observed and predicted by the model that an increase in temperature yielded to the wrinkling of the thin aluminum film. The geometry of the multilayer coating and the properties of the constituent materials are factors able to promote or prevent the wrinkle. To better understand and predict their effects, a sensitivity analysis was carried out with the proposed analytic model. A special attention was devoted to the temperature when wrinkling occurs. The key parameters having a significant influence on the wrinkling temperature were identified. It is concluded that the elastic modulus of the thin aluminum film and that of the polymer, the TEC of the thin film, and the initial stress induced during the processing of the multilayer system all had a significant influence on the wrinkling temperature.     

筒形件拉深起皱临界厚度的计算

通过对筒形件拉深时法兰变形区应力应变分析,利用线性化的Hill厚向异性屈服准则及各向异性理论,推导出筒形件拉深起皱的临界厚度的计算公式,并讨论不同性能参数条件下拉深系数与临界厚度之间关系。     

New method for stress determination based on digital image correlation data

Accurate material characterisation of anisotropic yielding behaviour for modern sheet metal requires the testing under multiaxial stress conditions like in the shear test or plane strain test. While most approaches include time-consuming finite element simulations for evaluation of inhomogeneous stress distributions, this paper shows a new method to determine stress data based directly on digital image correlation data. This accurate and efficient semi-analytical method can be used in direct stress analysis or inverse material parameter identification schemes as well. The methodology will be described and exemplarily results of the plane strain test and the shear test will be discussed.     

Ti-15-3钛合金橡皮成形凸弯边起皱预测

基于ABAQUS／Explicit对Ti-15-3钛合金室温锥杯成形实验中悬空侧壁起皱现象进行分析,通过对零件边缘的皱纹波长和峰高的定量研究,获取较适合Ti-15-3钛合金室温成形侧壁起皱的模拟参数。将Ti-15—3钛合金室温锥杯成形起皱获取的模拟参数,用于Ti-15-3钛合金凸弯边橡皮成形起皱的预测,通过定量比较凸弯边边缘的皱纹波长和峰高,分析不同硬度的橡皮对Ti-15-3钛合金凸弯边橡皮成形起皱的影响。经实验验证,有限元模拟对Ti-15—3钛合金凸弯边上皱纹的模拟与实验结果有很好的一致性。     

板塑性屈曲的变分原理

在金属板料塑性成形加工中 ,起皱是常见的 ,它影响成形件质量 ,预测与防止起皱已成为人们长期以来关注的热点问题。起皱实质上是金属板料的一种压缩不稳定现象。本文把板料塑性屈曲前后的材质状态视为刚塑性 ,板材塑性皱曲时 ,所满足的全部方程 :平衡 ,机动 ,屈服及流动定律 ,归结为一个泛函的求极值问题 ,在这个泛函中 ,内力场与速度场是彼此独立的自变函数。用直接法可以方便地求得金属板料塑性屈曲问题的近似解析解。文中以环缺在边界纵向拉压力作用下的皱曲问题为例 ,具体地给出了皱曲载荷及板的内力及速度场形态     

Study on wrinkling limit diagram of anisotropic sheet metals

Surface distortions in the form of localized buckles and wrinkles are often observed in sheet metal forming process. In many cases the presence of wrinkles is unacceptable for the final product and the purposes of assembly. Because of the trend in recent years towards thinner gauges and higher strength, wrinkling is increasingly becoming a more common and troublesome mode of failure in sheet metal forming.In this study, a numerical analysis for evaluating a wrinkling limit diagram (WLD) for an anisotropic sheet subjected to biaxial plane-stress is presented. Here the scheme of plastic bifurcation theory for thin shells based on the Donnell–Mushtari–Vlasov shell theory is used. The effects of various material parameters — yield stress, strain-hardening coefficient and normal anisotropy — and geometrical parameters on the WLD are investigated numerically and compared with the results of the experiments of Kawai and Havranek.