Ti-16.28Si合金的高温抗氧化行为及添加Cu的影响

选用Ti、Si、Cu粉末通过高能球磨-冷压-无压烧结制备了Ti-16.28Si和Ti-15.46Si-5Cu两种合金,并在800℃、900℃、1000℃空气中对其进行高温氧化试验。利用SEM、EDS及XRD对烧结和氧化试样的表面及横截面形貌、物相组成进行分析,以研究合金的氧化机制。结果表明：两种配方试样烧结之后主要含有Ti、Ti5Si3、Ti5Si4相,加Cu配方出现Cu3Si相;加Cu后致密度升高。高温氧化80 h后,氧化试样的主要物相为TiO2,还含有少量的SiO2、Ti3O5、TiO、TiN、CuO或Cu2O相。两种合金在800℃和900℃氧化温度下都达到抗氧化等级。Ti-16.28Si合金在900?C时氧化膜表层基本上全是金红石TiO2,抗氧化性能最好。800℃下,添加Cu显著改善Ti-16.28Si合金的抗氧化性能;在Cu含量为5 wt%时其平均氧化速度仅为Ti-16.28Si合金的57.8 %;但在900℃和1000℃下,添加Cu后,Cu3Si相可降低合金的抗氧化性能。     

Cu元素对Ti-16.28Si合金在900℃下氧化机制的影响

采用高能球磨一冷压一真空烧结工艺制备了Ti-16．28Si、Ti-15．46Si-5Cu和Ti-14．65Si-10Cu3种合金，并在900℃下空气气氛中对其进行高温氧化实验。通过扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、X射线能谱仪（EDS）以及x射线衍射仪（XRD）对烧结和氧化后合金样品的形貌、微区成分及物相组成进行分析，研究Cu元素对Ti-16．28Si合金在900℃下氧化机制的影响。结果表明：烧结后3种样品中主要含有Ti、Ti，Si3、Ti，Si4相，含Cu元素的样品中则出现了Cu，Si相且致密度随Cu含量升高而升高。900℃下氧化80h后，合金样品表面的主要物相为TiO2，同时含有少量的SiO2、Ti3O5、CuO或Cu2O等相。3种合金中，Ti-16．28Si合金的氧化膜表层基本上都是TiO2，抗氧化性能最好；其余2种合金的抗氧化性能稍低，Cu元素的加入降低了合金在900℃下的抗氧化性能。     

添加Cu对Ti-16.28Si合金高温抗氧化行为的影响

选用Ti、Si、Cu粉末通过高能球磨-冷压-无压烧结制备了Ti-16.28Si和Ti-15.46Si-5Cu两种合金,并在800,900,1000℃空气中对其进行高温氧化试验。利用SEM、EDS及XRD对烧结和氧化试样的表面及横截面形貌、物相组成进行分析,以研究合金的氧化机制。结果表明:两种配方试样烧结之后主要含有Ti、Ti_5Si_3、Ti_5Si_4相,加Cu配方出现Cu_3Si相;加Cu后致密度升高。高温氧化80h后,氧化试样的主要物相为TiO_2,还含有少量的SiO_2、Ti_3O_5、TiO、CuO或Cu_2O相。Ti-16.28Si合金在900℃时氧化膜表层基本上全是金红石TiO_2,抗氧化性能最好,平均氧化速度k~+值约为0.521,达到抗氧化等级。800℃下,添加Cu显著改善Ti-16.28Si合金的抗氧化性能,其平均氧化速度k~+值约为0.623,也达到抗氧化等级;在Cu含量为5%(质量分数)时其平均氧化速度仅为Ti-16.28Si合金的57.8%。但在900和1000℃下,添加Cu降低了合金的抗氧化性能。     

Ti3Al基合金在700～850℃空气中的循环氧化行为

研究了2种成分相近的Ti3Al基合金(Ti-24Al-14Nb-3V-0.5Mo-0.3Si(摩尔分数)及Ti-24Al-14Nb-3V-0.5Mo-0.6Si在700～850℃空气中的循环氧化行为;重点考察了合金的循环氧化动力学行为;结合SEM/EDX及EPMA分析了循环氧化后样品的表面、断面微观形貌及断面成膜元素面分布.结果表明:2种合金在各氧化温度下表面生成了Al2O3和TiO2混合氧化物,Al2O3主要分布在最外层;在700℃下2种合金具有较好的抗循环氧化性能,而在800℃及以上的温度条件下,表面氧化膜易于开裂和剥落;合金在较高温度下表面氧化膜失效方式为膜层中微裂纹的复合及由于这一过程的反复进行而导致的氧化膜间物理分层开裂.     

合金元素Nb和Si对O相合金抗氧化性能的影响

研究了添加(0.3-0.9)Si(原子分数,%,下同)对Ti-24Al-14Nb-3V-0.5Mo合金650℃到800℃的静态和循环等温氧化性能的影响.研究结果表明由于增大了表面氧化膜TiO2+Al2O3的致密度,添加Si元素能显著提高O相合金的抗氧化性能,并深入探讨了Si的影响机制.与一种高Nb含量的Ti-22Al-26Nb合金对比研究发现,在O相合金中最佳抗氧化性能对应的Nb含量是14左右.     

基于Ti1100合金的微量元素添加对合金抗氧化性能的影响

本文利用固溶体合金中的‘团簇加连接原子’模型解析了典型高温近α-Ti合金Ti1100的成分,其团簇成分式为[Al-(Ti13.7Zr0.3)](Al0.69Sn0.18Mo0.03Si0.12)。在此基础上,采用相似元素替代原则设计了微量元素Hf、Ta和Nb添加的系列合金成分,即 [Al-(Ti13.7Zr0.15Hf0.15)](Al0.69Sn0.18Si0.1(Mo/Ta/Nb)0.03)。对该系列合金进行950 ℃/1 h固溶+560 ℃/6 h时效处理,然后进行组织结构、硬度、抗高温氧化及电化学腐蚀性能测试。研究结果表明,Zr0.15Hf0.15合金与参比合金具有相同片层β转变组织,而在此基础上Ta和Nb的添加会使合金中产生大量等轴α组织;但组织的改变对系列合金的显微硬度影响不大,介于330-370 HV。650 ℃氧化100 h后系列合金均具有较强的抗氧化能力,氧化增重小于1.0 mg/cm2,而在800 ℃氧化100 h后,添加Hf、Ta、Nb元素的合金氧化增重明显低于Ti1100合金,氧化层厚度为25~27 μm,且氧化层致密,其中[Al-(Ti13.7Zr0.15Hf0.15)](Al0.69Sn0.18Si0.1Ta0.015Nb0.015)合金具有最优的抗高温氧化性能,800 ℃/100 h后的氧化增重仅为2.6 mg/cm2。此外,该系列合金在在3.5 %NaCl溶液中也具有较好的耐蚀性。     

合金元素Nb在TiAl高温氧化行为中的作用

研究了Ti-45Al-10Nb(at%)合金在800℃－960℃氧气和空气中的氧化行为，并与Ti-50Al(at%)合金作一对比，表明该合金具有较好的高温抗氧化性能，其氧化增重速率略优于文献报道的铁基耐热不锈钢，发现了Ti-45Al-10Nb合金在空气中的氧化增重速率明显低于在纯氧中的氧化增重速率，X－射线相分析与能谱分析表明氧化产物主要由TiO2与Al2O3组成，但空气中氧化后的氧化产物中含TiN相，认为它是降低氧化速率的主要原因，并且认为合金元素Nb稳定了氧化层中的TiN相，因而提高了合金在空气中的抗氧化性能。     

Ti-Al合金抗氧化性能的影响因素初探

研究了氧化条件、显微组织和成分对Ti-Al合金抗氧化性能的影响。结果发现,Ti-48Al-2Cr-2Nb合金在700℃和800℃下具有较好的抗氧化性能,氧化形成的氧化膜为4层结构。在800℃下恒温氧化100h后,Ti-48Al-2Cr-2Nb合金的氧化增重从低到高依次为双态组织、近片层组织和片层组织。在800℃下恒温氧化100h后,3种成分的Ti-Al合金的氧化增重从高到低依次为Ti-48Al-2Cr-2Nb、Ti-46.5Al-2.5V-1C和Ti-45Al-8Nb-0.2W-0.1B-0.1Y。具有双态组织的Ti-45Al-8Nb-0.2W-0.1B-0.1Y合金在800℃下恒温氧化100h后增重4.8g/m~2。     

粉末冶金Ti-Al-Mo-V-Ag合金的显微组织与力学性能

通过粉末冶金元素混合法,制备含α及β相的Ti-Al-Mo-V-Ag合金。通过X射线衍射、金相观察、扫描电镜观察及力学性能测试,研究Ag的添加及烧结温度对Ti-5Al-4Mo-4V合金的组织与性能影响。结果表明：Ag的添加能提高粉末冶金Ti-5Al-4Mo-4V合金的的相对密度,改善合金的力学性能;在1250℃下烧结4h后,Ti-5Al-4Mo-4V-5Ag合金的相对密度及抗压缩强度分别达到96.3%和1656MPa。     

原位自生成TiC／Ti基复合材料的高温氧化

利用热重分析(TGA)测量了原位生成的TiC／Ti-6Al复合材料在600，700和800℃下经连续20h的氧化增重特性，利用SEM，EDS和XRD研究了复合材料经氧化试验后表面氧化层的结构，相组成及成分。结果表明，原位生成的Ti基复合材料在高温氧化时遵循抛物线规律在800℃时的氧化增重量远大于600℃和700℃时的，计算获得该复合材料的氧化激活能为255．7kJ／mol。研究发现经20h的600℃或700℃氧化形成的氧化物呈现不连续的岛屿状，主要成分为金红石型的Ti02，而在800℃氧化20h后，氧化物是均匀连续的致密膜，由TiO2，A12O3组成。该复合材料的氧化首先发生在TiC颗粒的表面上，而不是象均质Ti材料一样氧化在整个表面上均匀地发生。     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Rheology Feature of Simple Metal Melt

The rheology feature of Sb, Bi melt and alloys was studied using coaxial cylinder high-temperature viscometer. The results showed that the curve of torsion-rotational speed for Sb melt presents a linear relation in all measured temperature ranges, whereas for the Bi melt, the curve presents obvious non-Newtonian feature within the low temperature range and at relative high shear stress. The rheology feature of Sb80Bi20 and Sb20Bi80 alloy melts was well correlated with that of Sb and Bi, respectively. It is considered that the rheology behavior of Sb melt plays a crucial role in Sb80Bi20 alloy and that of Bi melt plays a crucial role in Sb20Bi80 alloy.     

Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of a Newly Developed Austenitic Heat Resistant Steel

The effect of heat treatment on the microstructures and mechanical properties of a newly developed austenitic heat resistant steel(named as T8 alloy) for ultra-supercritical applications have been studied. Results show that the main phases in the alloy after solution treatment are γ and primary MX. Subsequent aging treatment causes the precipitation of M_(23)C_6 carbides along the grain boundaries and a small number of nanoscale MX inside the grains. In addition, with increasing the aging temperature and time, the morphology of M_(23)C_6 carbides changes from semi-continuous chain to continuous network.Compared with a commercial HR3C alloy, T8 alloy has comparable tensile strength, but higher stress rupture strength. The dominant cracking mechanism of the alloy during tensile test at room temperature is transgranular, while at high temperature, intergranular cracking becomes the main cracking mode, which may be caused by the precipitation of continuous M_(23)C_6 carbides along the grain boundaries. Typical intergranular cracking is the dominant cracking mode of the alloy at all stress rupture tests.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

The 15th Global Foundry Sourcing Conference 2014held in Qingdao China

Organized by Suppliers China Co., Ltd and co-organized by the National Technical Committee 54 on Foundry of Standardization Administration of China, the 15th Global Foundry Sourcing Conference 2014 （hereinafter referred to as FSC 2014） was successfully held on Sep. 23rd in Grand Regency Hotel, Qingdao. More than 500 delegates from home and abroad attended this conference, including over 130 purchasers from 20 countries and 380 domestic and foreign suppliers.     

Secondary Recrystallization Behaviors of Grain-Oriented 6.5 wt% Silicon Steel Sheets Produced by Rolling and Nitriding Processes

By rolling and nitriding processes, 0.23- to 0.3-mm-thick grain-oriented 6.5 wt% silicon steel sheets were produced. The core losses of grain-oriented 6.5 wt% silicon steel at frequencies ranging from 400 Hz to 20 k Hz were lower than that of the grain-oriented 3 wt% silicon steel with the same thickness by 16.6–35.8%. The secondary recrystallization behavior was investigated by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, and electron backscattered diffraction. The results show that the secondary recrystallization in high-silicon steel sheets develops more completely as the nitrogen content increases after nitriding, secondary recrystallized grain sizes become larger, and the sharpness of Goss texture increases. Because more {110}116 grains in the subsurface and the central layer of the sheets have a lot of 20°–45° high-energy boundaries in addition to Goss grains, {110}116 can be the main component through selective growth during secondary recrystallization when the inhibitor quantity is not enough and inhibitor intensity is weaker. The increases in nitrogen content can increase the inhibitor intensity and hinder abnormal growth of a mount of {110}116 grains and therefore enhance the sharpness of Goss texture.     

Laser Cladded TiCN Coatings on the Surface of Titanium

Laser cladded coatings of TiCN were produced on the surface of titanium. To obtain the optimal techniques, several conditions were tested by varying the laser scanning rate. The choice of shielding gas was also studied. The cladded coatings were then evaluated from the surface mechanics point of view based on their microhardness. The microstructure of some interesting samples was investigated by optical micrographs (OM). The results showed that under the condition of fixed pulse frequency and pulse width, the laser scanning rate and the shielding gas are the main factors influencing the components of coatings. TiCN coatings were decompounded and oxidized during the cladding process in the condition of no shielding gas of N2. X-ray diffraction results indicated that the composite coatings composed of TiCN, TiC, Ti2N, and TiO2 were produced using appropriate techniques. The results indicated that the best condition in terms of the surface microhardness is obtained when the scanning rate is 1.5mm / s, the pulse frequency is 15Hz, the pulse width is 3.0ms, and N2 is chosen as the shielding gas. The microhardness of the composite coatings is about 1331kg · mm - 2, which is about 4 times that of the substrate. The optical micrographs indicated that the cladding zone is made up of TiCN, TiO2, and some interdendritic Ti, but the diffusion zone mainly consists of the dendrites phase, and the cladded depth is about 80?滋m, which is more than 2 times that of the laser nitrided sample. There were no microcracks or air bubbles in the cladded sample, which was cladded using the above optimal techniques.     

Effect of Short-Time Aging on the Pitting Corrosion Behavior of a Novel Lean Duplex Stainless Steel 2002

The effect of short-time aging in the temperature range between 400 and 1000 °C on the pitting corrosion behavior and mechanical property of a novel lean duplex stainless steel(LDSS) 2002 was investigated through the potentiostatic critical pitting temperature(CPT) tests and the Charpy impact tests. Both the pitting corrosion resistance and the toughness of aged specimens degraded due to the precipitation of detrimental secondary phases and the most significant reduction of CPT and impact energy emerged at 650 °C concurrently. The CPT of LDSS 2002 specimen aged at 650 °C decreased by 28 °C, and the impact energy dropped from 69 to 29 J/cm~2 compared with the solution-annealed sample. Transmission electron microscopy characterization showed that the main precipitates in LDSS 2002 were Cr_2N and M_(23)C_6 along the ferrite–austenite grain boundaries.     

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正The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China,is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology,including mineral processing,extraction metallurgy,metallic materials and heat treatments,metal working,physical metallurgy,powder metallurgy,with the emphasis