大孔径高孔隙率泡沫铝的制备

采用熔体发泡工艺,用纯铝作原料,氢化钛为发泡剂,金属钙粉为增粘剂,制备出孔结构均匀,孔隙率大于80%,孔径大于4.2mm的闭孔泡沫铝,整个工艺过程控制平稳。探讨了发泡温度、金属钙粉和氢化钛加入量及搅拌时间对泡沫铝结构的影响。结果表明,增粘剂钙粉的加入量为1.5%～2.0%,增粘温度850～860℃,搅拌时间为2.0～2.5 min,发泡剂TiH_2的加入量为1.5%～2.0%,发泡温度为680～690℃,发泡搅拌速度和时间分别为860 rpm和2.0～2.5 min,保温时间4.5～6.0 min时为最佳工艺。     

氢化锆熔体发泡法制备小孔径泡沫铝

以ZrH_2为发泡剂,采用熔体发泡法制备铝基小孔径泡沫铝,分析其制备过程及影响孔结构的因素;优化实验室制备泡沫铝的工艺条件;借助图形分析方法表征泡沫铝的孔径分布,并与TiH_2制备的泡沫铝进行了对比;采用改进座滴装置研究铝合金与氢化物的润湿行为.结果表明:ZrH_2较适合制备小孔径泡沫铝;优化工艺条件为:Al 650 g,增粘剂Ca 的加入量2.5%,发泡剂ZrH_2的加入量1.0%,发泡温度680 ℃,搅拌时间1.5 min,保温时间2.5 min;制备的泡沫铝孔径均匀,平均孔径小于1.5 mm;ZrH_2在铝合金中的润湿特点是导致泡沫铝孔径较小的主要原因.     

粉煤灰漂珠颗粒增强泡沫铝基复合材料的制备与研究

利用熔体发泡法制得粉煤灰漂珠颗粒增强泡沫铝基复合材料.正交试验结果表明各影响因素对粉煤灰漂珠颗粒增强泡沫铝基复合材料孔隙率影响程度由大到小依次为:发泡时间、发泡温度和发泡剂含量.粉煤灰漂珠颗粒增强泡沫铝基复合材料的最佳制备工艺参数为:发泡时间12 min,发泡温度800℃,发泡剂含量3％.准静态压缩试验表明,粉煤灰漂珠颗粒增强泡沫铝基复合材料的应力-应变曲线可分为弹性应变区、屈服平台区和致密压实区3个区域.     

半固态法泡沫铝材料制备工艺研究

采用半固态法制备泡沫铝,并对制备工艺进行了初步探索。研究了熔体浇注温度、发泡剂TiH_2添加量对Al-Si合金熔体发泡孔隙率和平均孔径的影响。研究表明,利用Al-Si合金在半固态区的自增粘作用,可以得到孔隙率为20%~50%、孔径为2~4 mm的泡沫铝;浇注温度在650~670℃时,随浇注温度的升高,Al-Si合金泡沫铝试样孔隙率增加,更高的浇注温度使孔隙率减少;发泡剂TiH_2添加量在1%~3%时,随发泡剂添加量的增加,孔隙率和孔径均增加,发泡剂过多反而使孔隙率和孔径减小。浇注温度为670℃、TiH_2添加量3%时,Al-Si熔体发泡效果最优,孔隙率可达48%。     

氢化钛热分解特性与小孔径低孔隙率泡沫铝合金

采用金属管道氩载气流中的程序升温分解装置获得了氢化钛的热分解特性;运用位移传感器计算机系统获得了铝合金熔体保温泡沫化过程中孔隙率与保温发泡时间的关系;用图像分析法研究了氢化钛在铝合金熔体中均匀分散时间对泡沫铝合金熔体孔结构的影响;研究了不同孔隙率泡沫铝合金的压缩力学性能.结果表明:在940 K时,发泡剂氢化钛分解的30～80 s内,随着均匀分散时间的延长,铝合金熔体泡沫的孔隙率保持恒定,但孔数增多,孔径变小,由此获得了制备高比刚度、小孔径和低孔隙率泡沫铝合金的新途径.     

基于发泡剂预处理的两步法泡沫铝制备工艺研究

研究了基于发泡剂预处理的两步法泡沫铝制备工艺,即获得可发泡的预制品,发泡剂在熔体中分散和重新升温发泡,发泡剂分解释气.通过在发泡剂表面涂敷铝溶胶,推迟分解释气时间(4 min左右),实现了将发泡剂在熔体中的分散和分解发泡分开的目的.研究了各阶段工艺参数对发泡效果的影响规律,分析确定了试验条件下的最佳工艺参数值.结果表明,经缓释处理的发泡剂用量为2%、混合搅拌时间为3 min时,可得到质量较好的泡沫铝预制品.     

熔体吹气发泡法制备泡沫铝的试验研究

利用熔体吹气发泡法制备闭孔泡沫铝的工艺以及工艺参数对发泡效果的影响,发现以铝硅合金为原料,Al2O3颗粒为增粘剂制备的泡沫铝孔隙率达90%以上,气孔均匀的泡沫铝其工艺参数为：发泡温度为750～780 ℃,增粘颗粒体积分数为10%～15%,气体流量为0.5～1.5 L/min.研究表明,熔体吹气发泡法制备泡沫铝简单、高效,制备样品孔隙率高,是一种有较好开发前景的制备方法.     

小孔径泡沫铝制备工艺研究

通过扫描电镜、温控仪、液压机、混料机、加热炉等设备,试验研究粉末冶金法制备小孔径泡沫铝材料的工艺。结果表明,热压工艺可大幅提高试样致密度;模具发泡法的发泡时间短,发泡温度控制准确,能耗低,发泡可控。控制发泡剂Ti H2的含量、发泡温度为680℃、发泡时间为3 min~6 min时,可制备出孔隙率在50%~70%、孔的大小、形状均匀的泡沫铝材料。     

采用新型发泡剂制备泡沫铝

研究了一种在泡沫铝制备过程中可替代TiH2及ZrH2类发泡剂的新型发泡粉末的热分解行为,探讨该新型发泡剂加入量及发泡温度等因素对泡沫铝孔隙率的影响。研究表明:该新型发泡材料具有分解温度范围宽及分解过程缓慢的特点。当采用该发泡剂时,泡沫铝制备过程无需额外加入金属Ca类增粘剂;随发泡温度的升高,泡沫铝的孔隙率先升高后下降;随发泡剂量的增多,发泡体中的无泡层逐渐减少,当发泡剂的加入量在1.40%以上时,发泡体中的无泡层消失;在发泡温度740℃、发泡剂加入量1.40%~2.20%、搅拌时间3min、保温发泡时间5min的条件下,可以制备出孔径2~5mm,孔隙率60%~80%,孔隙基本均匀且无实心体的泡沫铝。     

小孔径泡沫铝的制备及压缩性能研究

在常规熔体发泡法基础上,采用添加0.5%Mg(质量分数,下同)以降低表面张力;发泡剂400 ℃,6 h+500℃,1 h氧化预处理以协调发泡剂分散均匀性与发泡过程关系;发泡搅拌60s以破碎初始气泡等措施,成功制备出了平均孔径1.3 mm、孔隙率70.5%、结构均匀的小孔径泡沫铝.泡沫铝及Al-9Si泡沫的压缩性能分析表明,随平均孔径减小,泡沫铝的屈服强度、致密化应变和能量吸收能力均明显提高,泡沫铝压缩性能随孔径减小而提高,与泡沫铝的孔结构因素及孔结构均匀性有关.     

Effects of foaming parameters on microstructure and compressive properties of aluminum foams produced by powder metallurgy method

Semi open-cell aluminum foams having channels between individual cells were produced using low cost CaCO₃ foaming agent and applying the powder compact melting process. To this end, the aluminum and CaCO₃ powder mixtures were cold compacted into dense cylindrical precursors for foaming at specific temperatures under air atmosphere. The effects of several parameters including precursor compaction pressure, foaming agent content as well as temperature and time of the foaming process on the cell microstructure, linear expansion, relative density and compressive properties were investigated. A uniform distribution of cells with sizes less than 100 μm, which form semi open-cell structures with relative densities in the range of 55.4%–84.4%, was obtained. The elevation of compaction pressure between 127–318 MPa and blowing agent up to 15% (mass fraction) led to an increase in the linear expansion, compressive strength and densification strain. By varying the foaming temperature from 800 to 1000 °C, all of the investigated parameters increased except compressive strength and relative density. The results indicated the optimal foaming temperature and time as 900 °C and 10–25 min, respectively.     

Time–temperature superposition for foaming kinetics of Al-alloy foams

Applicability of time–temperature superposition principle to the foaming kinetics of aluminum (Al)-alloy foams produced by powder metallurgical method was investigated. Foaming kinetics above melting temperatures of Al–Si–Cu–Mg foams was studied. The expansion data at various furnace temperatures were collected. Well-known superposition parameters such as Larson-Miller, Orr-Sherby-Dorn, Goldhoff-Sherby and Manson-Succop were established based on the linear iso-expansion lines in plots of log(heating time) versus furnace temperature and log(heating time) versus inverse furnace temperature. In order to study the expansion kinetics of the Al-alloy foams, the expansions were measured in terms of pore fraction using an image analyzer. Finally, the linear relationship between the porosity and the superposition parameters was established.     

闭孔泡沫铝的电磁屏蔽性能

采用粉末冶金发泡法制备闭孔泡沫铝,通过调整发泡剂含量、发泡温度、粘度、保温时间等手段,制得孔隙率可调、孔洞分布均匀的闭孔泡沫铝样品,并测试了不同孔隙率、孔径泡沫铝样品的电磁屏蔽性能.结果表明:在100～1000MHz内,泡沫铝的电磁屏蔽性能在60～90dB之间,且随着孔隙率、孔径的增加,泡沫铝的电磁屏蔽性能下降.     

Alternative starting materials for the production of aluminum foam by the powder metallurgical process

In the past it has already been proven that aluminum foam is a construction material appropriate for numerous applications. Especially in domains such as machine tool manufacturing and vehicle construction the combination of lightweight design and vibration damping is of great importance and aluminum foam can unfold its full potential. The widespread use of aluminum foam is still hampered by the high production costs resulting from the expensive production process and starting materials. The present work focuses on studies of alternative, cheaper starting materials. The results of current investigations follow the idea that aluminum chips may be successfully used as base material instead of atomized powders, without negatively influencing the macroscopic foam structure. It could also be proven that good foaming rates can be achieved with calcium carbonate as foaming agent for aluminum. That's why already in the near future, it will be possible to use recycling materials like aluminum chips in the series production of aluminum foams by the powder metallurgical process (PM process). Since sorted aluminum chips cost less than 1 €/kg, and calcium carbonate costs only a fraction of titanium hydride, a distinct price reduction for aluminum foam, and the lowering of the inhibition threshold for its application should be possible. Further studies are required to examine the static and dynamic properties of the foams and to compare them with conventional aluminum foams.     

以CaCO3为发泡剂制备泡沫ZL104过程中工艺参数的探讨

以CaCO3粉末和SiC颗粒分别作为发泡剂和稳定剂,采用液态法制备了泡沫ZL104,确定了发泡温度,并分析了制备过程中CaCO3加入量和保温时间对泡沫ZL104孔径和孔隙率的影响规律。结果发现:泡沫ZL104的发泡温度应选为700℃;CaCO3加入量的增加会导致泡沫ZL104的孔隙率呈非线性增大,加入量超过2%(质量分数)时,对孔隙率的影响不显著,故CaCO3的加入量应该控制在2%以内;保温时间在2~8min以内时不会发生气泡合并和破裂。     

胞状AlCu5Mn合金泡沫的压缩性能和能量吸收特性

用熔体发泡法制备孔隙率为51.5%～90.5%、孔结构均匀的胞状铝合金(AlCu5Mn),研究其孔结构、压缩性能、能量吸收能力、能量吸收效率和吸能性能.结果表明:胞状铝合金孔结构由高孔隙率(88.8%)时的大孔径、多边形孔向低孔隙率(62.5%)时的小孔径、球形孔孔结构过渡,其压缩应力(σ)-应变(ε)曲线具有线性变形阶段、屈服平台阶段和致密化阶段三个部分,由线性变形阶段进入屈服平台阶段所对应的ε_s值介于2%～9%之间;屈服强度σ_s~*随着孔隙率的增大而下降,在孔隙率相同的条件下,胞状铝合金的力学性能优于胞状铝和多孔铝合金,其比刚度高于钢;当应变为定值时,胞状铝合金单位体积和单位质量的压缩吸能能力(C和C_m)都随着孔隙率的升高而降低,但是孔隙率在73.5%～82.1%范围内时,其C_m与ε的关系几乎不随孔隙率的改变而改变;对于孔隙率为51.5%～90.5%的胞状铝合金,它们的吸能效率的峰值都大于80%.胞状铝合金的C-σ和C_m-σ关系可以表征其吸能性能,从而可以根据实际工况选择作为减振吸能材料的胞状铝合金的最佳孔结构.     

Effect of Fly Ash Particles on the Compressive Properties of Closed-Cell Aluminum Foams

The closed-cell aluminum foam reinforced by 1.5 and 3.0 wt.% fly ash particles were manufactured by molten body transitional foaming process. The backscattered electron image shows that fly ash particles distribute uniformly in the cell wall. The quasi-static compression tests were conducted. Results show that Al/Fly ash foams have stable compressive property and the sudden stress drop was not observed. The plateau stress increases nearly linearly with relative density. Moreover, the addition of fly ash particles improves the plateau stress. Also, the energy absorption property of Al/Fly ash foams increase with relative density and fly ash content. These can be attributed to the contribution of the compression of cell gas and the membrane stress in the cell wall.     

穿孔法改进泡沫铝的吸声性能

利用熔体发泡技术制备不同孔径和气孔率的泡沫铝,对不同气孔率的原始状态泡沫铝以及孔径为1.1 mm的穿孔泡沫铝的吸声性能进行研究。结果表明:未设置背腔时,原始状态泡沫铝的吸声性能不高,设置背腔后,由于泡沫铝中所含通透结构的作用,泡沫铝的吸声性能明显提高;穿孔泡沫铝的穿孔率在0.5%～1.0%范围,设置60～80 mm背腔时可使降噪系数超过0.42,比原始状态泡沫铝不设置背腔时的降噪系数高2倍左右;穿孔泡沫铝设置背腔后的吸声特性符合Helmholtz共振吸声的规律,但受到穿孔结构、泡沫铝原本存在的缺陷组成的通透结构和气泡孔在穿孔过程中被打开的小开口等因素的影响。     

The Usability of Boric Acid as an Alternative Foaming Agent on the Fabrication of Al/Al<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>3</Subscript> Composite Foams

Pure Al and alumina (2, 5, 10 wt.% Al₂O₃)-added Al composite foams were fabricated through powder metallurgy technique, where boric acid (H₃BO₃) is employed as a new alternative foaming agent. It is aimed to determine the effects of boric acid on the foaming behavior and cellular structure and also purposed to develop the mechanical properties of Al foams by addition of Al₂O₃. Al and Al composite foams with porosity fraction in the range of 46-53% were achieved by sintering at 620 °C for 2 h. Cell morphology was characterized using a combination of stereomicroscope equipped with image analyzer and scanning electron microscopy. Microhardness values were measured via using Vickers indentation technique. Quasi-static compression tests were performed at strain rate of 10^?3 s^?1. Compressive strength and energy absorption of the composite foams enhanced not only by the increasing weight fraction of alumina, but also by the usage of boric acid which leads to formation of boron oxide (B₂O₃) acting as a binder in obtaining dense cell walls. The results revealed that the boric acid has outstanding potential as foaming agent in the fabrication of Al and Al composite foams by providing improved mechanical properties.