基于钢绞线断丝检测的超声导波传播特性试验

超声导波技术已被成功应用于钢绞线单处断丝检测。然而,实际工程中钢绞线经常发生多处断丝,使用导波检测时,由于钢绞线结构的特殊性和多处断口的存在,使得导波的传播极为复杂。提出在钢绞线同一根钢丝中制作三处断口,通过设计试验获取不同条件卞检测信号的方法来研究导波的传播特性。分析了脉冲信号的衰减和断口回波信号的变化,结果表明：由于钢绞线钢丝之间接触应力的存在,导波遇到某根钢丝中的断口时会发生部分反射,从而降低了导波向前传播的能量;通过断口之后,钢丝之间的能量泄漏使得导波继续在已断钢丝和其他钢丝中同时传播,有利于检测同根钢丝上的其他缺陷。为导波检测钢绞线实际存在的多处断丝奠定了基础。     

An experimental investigation on the deformation behavior during wire flat rolling process

In the present study a laboratory flat rolling machine is utilized to assess the deformation behavior of low and high carbon steel wires in wire flat rolling process. The effects of friction coefficient, rolling reduction and roll speed on rolling force and deformation behavior of the wires are experimentally investigated. It is found that the roll speed affects considerably the rolling force but a negligible effect on deformation behavior. It is noted that by increasing the roll speed, the rolling force may decrease or increase depending on the magnitude of the roll speed. Also, the deformation behavior of the wires in flat rolling is formulated. A relationship is developed for calculating the width of contact area between the wire and rolls as a function of rolling reduction. This relationship depicts that the width of contact area is proportional to square root of rolling reduction. Furthermore, two relationships are derived to predict the spreading of the wires after flat rolling. It is found that the relationships are applicable for both the low and high carbon steel wires.     

大型锻造压机插入式立柱预应力机架分析研究

针对锻造压机常规平接式预应力机架的立柱抗水平载荷能力差和端面接触状况不好等缺点,对一种立柱插入式预应力机架结构展开研究;分别利用解析法和有限元法对两种结构进行了分析,研究了在相同条件下平接式和立柱插入式两种机架的应力状态、变形及端面接触和横梁的接触状况;研究结果对锻造压机及同类预应力机架结构的设计具有一定的参考价值.     

Failure mechanisms of high strength steels in bicarbonate solutions under anodic polarization

High strength steels used in prestressing concrete structures are not exempt from the effects induced by corrosion on the normal concrete reinforcement. Carbonation of surrounding concrete or mortar is not unlikely for prestressing tendons and strands. Moreover, these steels undergo to brittle fracture as a consequence of stress corrosion cracking phenomena. To evaluate if concrete carbonation can promote this kind of failure, constant load tests in bicarbonate aqueous solutions under anodic polarization were carried out on high strength steel wires. Microscopic examination pointed out that the wires exhibited a brittle fracture mode, while its natural feature is ductile, as indicated by air testing. Failure mechanism was evaluated by a fracture mechanic approach. Cracks initiation was attributed to an anodic dissolution mechanism, while its propagation, interpreted by means of the surface mobility theory, was related to interaction between hydrogen atoms and magnetite at a crack tip.     

架空导线不同防腐措施的耐腐蚀性能比较

为探究常见架空导线耐腐蚀性能,对普通钢芯铝绞线、铝包钢芯铝绞线、防腐型钢芯铝绞线和碳纤维复合材料芯架空导线进行中性盐雾腐蚀实验。结果表明：普通钢芯铝绞线的腐蚀情况最为严重;而铝包钢芯铝绞线因避免了异种金属接触,内层铝线和铝包钢线表面腐蚀程度较低,表明铝包钢芯铝绞线耐蚀性优于普通钢芯铝绞线。防腐型钢芯铝绞线由于防腐脂的物理隔绝作用,受到防腐脂保护的铝线和钢芯在实验周期内均未见明显腐蚀迹象。而碳纤维复合材料芯导线,因碳纤维复合材料芯化学性质稳定,耐腐蚀性能优异,其紧密绞合的型线阻止了腐蚀介质向绞线内部渗透,绞线的耐腐蚀性能显著优于普通导线。     

Comparison and Analysis of Twist Pitch Length Test Methods for ITER Nb3Sn and NbTi Strands

国际热核聚变反应堆ITER磁体采用的Nb3Sn及NbTi超导线为多丝扭绞结构。作为超导线设计和应用的重要参数,股线扭距及扭转方向必需满足ITER要求,并且该性能参数须进行复验。根据ITER PA要求,股线的扭距大小为15 mm ± 2 mm,扭转方向为右向。超导线扭距及扭转方向测试可以通过在一小段直的样品上判断其超导丝分布规律或者其超导丝的角度得到。这里描述和比较了多种不同的测试方法。对不同方法的测试精度,不确定度以及可行度进行了分析,同时提出了针对ITER超导股线扭距复验的推荐方法。     

软接触电磁连铸技术分析

运用数学解析的方法，对连铸软接触技术中若干电磁参数进行了理论分析，通过对电磁波在铜，钢水和充满钢水的铜结晶器内的衰减的分析，以及对电磁体积力的数学推导，确认了电磁力的大小取决于磁感庆强度沿径向衰减的快慢，即Bz对r的导数，当频率增加时，铸坯表面的电磁力增加，并向铸坯中心迅速衰减，电磁压力沿径向的分布弯月面的形状，一定结构的结晶器应选一个最佳频率，才能得到最大的电磁约束力。     

ICP-AES光谱法判断5A03焊丝和2A10铝丝混料的方法

5A03焊丝焊接5A02防锈铝合金导管时存在焊丝中错混2A10铝丝的现象。在不损坏导管的前提下，采用导管的内腔焊缝进行原位打磨粉末方法，利用ICP-AES光谱分析粉末中的化学成分，将Cu元素的质量分数作为区分5A03焊丝和2A10铝丝有无混料的特征元素，并建立不同导管管径下焊缝处Cu元素的质量分数变化的规律。结果表明:管径越大，粉末中Cu元素质量分数总体越小；在同样管径下，2A10混料情况越多，粉末中Cu元素质量分数是逐步增加的；对于?42~60 mm的铝管，当焊缝粉末中Cu元素质量分数大于0.06%，可判断焊接时至少有1个定位点混料发生，当Cu元素质量分数大于2%，可判断焊接时焊丝全错用成2A10。     

ON THE COARSE INCLUSIONS IN CONTINUOUS CASTING STRANDS

<正> 本工作的目的是调查研究弧形和水平连铸机生产的铸坯中大型氧化物夹杂的行为,提供铸坯改善纯净度的依据。 弧形连铸机浇注123×123mm方坯,从盛钢桶经中间包至结晶器为敞开浇注。由铸坯的头、     

H65黄铜水平连铸工艺研究

水平连铸法生产H65黄铜带坯是近年来从国外引进的一种新兴工艺方法,由于对该工艺方法理解掌握的局限性,导致铸坯质量不过关,造成产品的表面起皮、晶间裂,从而影响产品的质量及成品率。本文从水平连铸的结晶过程、工艺参数的选择、常见质量缺陷及解决办法等几个方面对水平连铸生产H65黄铜工艺的研究结果进行了详述。     

C-MoS2-Fe2O3(Fe3O4)纳米润滑剂对无镀铜焊丝导电嘴磨损的影响

针对无镀铜实心焊丝在机器人自动焊接时导电嘴磨损问题,采用机械涂敷法在无镀铜实心焊丝表面制备了C-MoS₂-Fe₂O₃(Fe₃O₄)纳米复合润滑剂,研究了润滑剂配比对导电嘴磨损性能的影响. 结果表明,C-Fe₃O₄涂层的润滑性能优于C-Fe₂O₃涂层的润滑性能,随着涂层中纳米MoS₂含量的升高,导电嘴的抗磨性能增强. 纳米复合润滑剂在焊丝与导电嘴的摩擦界面发生摩擦化学反应形成了保护性的自修复膜,此膜主要由润滑性能优异的FeO,MoS₂,MoO₃组成,避免了焊丝与导电嘴内表面的直接接触,从而减少了导电嘴的磨损. 氧化磨损、磨粒磨损和电弧烧蚀是导电嘴磨损的主要机制.     

Casting a Small-diameter Tin Wire by the OCC (Ohno Continuous Casting) Process

Abstract

Tin wires of 2 mm dia have been cast by the horizontal OCC process at speeds between 0.02 m/min and 4.2 m/min. It was found that unlike the casting of larger diameter rods, it was possible to continue casting, even if the solid-liquid interface existed outside the mould. If the mould exit temperature and the mould-cooler distance were maintained at 267°C and 2 mm respectively, the solid-liquid interface was located at the mould exit when the casting speed was 0.35 m/mln. However, when the casting speed exceeded about 1.2 m/min, the cast surface of the wire deteriorated and exhibited a matted appearance due to the formation of ridges. With a casting speed of 4.2 m/min, the solid-liquid interface location was estimated to be about 4 mm outside the mould. A calculated temperature distribution within the solidifying strand revealed that the solid-liquid interface entered the cooling water when the casting speed was 1.2 m/min. Thus, in order to obtain a cast wire with a high surface finish, the strand should be solidified outside the cooling water. Casting parameter values corresponding to the condition where the solid-liquid interface reaches the mould exit were considered to be critical co-ordinates for runout (breakout). When the solid-liquid interface is located between the mould and the cooling water, tight control of the casting process, and in particular control of the metal head, is essential in order to avoid dimensional instability and runout of the liquid metal.     

Ultrasonic surface wave propagation and interaction with surface defects on rail track head

Electromagnetic acoustic transducers (EMATs) are non-contact ultrasonic transducers capable of generating wide band ultrasonic surface waves on metallic samples. A lab-based laser-EMAT system has been developed to observe the ultrasonic surface wave propagation and interaction with surface breaking defects on the sample rail head surface. A wide band EMAT generating surface waves with a frequency content between approximately 50 and 500 kHz is used to propagate ultrasonic waves on the surface of a rail head down the length of the sample. A stabilised Michelson interferometer is used to measure the out-of-plane displacement of the surface wave. A complete picture of the ultrasonic surface wave on the sample surface over time is reconstructed using this technique, with exceptionally high spatial and temporal resolution. Despite the curvature of the rail head, the ultrasonic surface wave propagating down the rail is found to have similar properties to Rayleigh waves by direct comparison to those observed on flat samples using the same technique.     

MAGNETOMECHANICAL COUPLING FACTOR (k33) OF Tb0.36Dy0.64(Fe0.85Co0.15)2 <110> ORIENTED CRYSTALS

采用区熔定向凝固方法,制备出近似<110>取向Tb0.36Dy0.64(Fe0.85Co0.15)2合金棒. 采用交流阻抗分析仪测定其在不同偏磁场和预压应力条件下的阻抗谐振频率,求出磁机械耦合系数(k33). 结果表明, 在无预压应力状态,k33随偏磁场的增大而增加, 在50.9 kA/m达到峰值0.513; 施加10 MPa的轴向预压应力状态, k33值降低, 其原因是预压应力导致71°畴壁能增加,阻碍了磁矩在磁场中的运动, 使得磁能与机械能之间的能量转换效率降低.     

750 kV LGJK300/50扩径导线的有限元建模及模态分析

超高压扩径导线750 kV LGJK300/50型，因模型中股线间的接触为强非线性的点、线接触，参考相关有限元建模文献，很难找到理想的方法得到成功的有限元模型。针对这个难点，经过加大股线尺寸6～10个丝，改善原有的有限元模型，并对其进行模态仿真。模态仿真结果较之前的模型更优，更贴近实际。模态仿真结果显示，扩径导线在工程使用中的模态振型，主要以弯扭变形模态为主。当模型长度较短时，发生微风振动的几率较高，导线长度逐渐增加，次档距震荡会凸显，若无间隔棒，导线长度再逐渐增加时，则具有破坏性质的舞动随之而来，这与工程实际运行情况相符。     

连铸异钢种连浇中间包内钢液流动的数值模拟

本文针对某钢厂异钢种连浇过程中中间包内钢液的混合过程进行了数值模拟,分析比较了液面高度和拉速对混浇时间和过渡坯长度的影响.结果表明:增加拉速,降低液面,减少中间包内剩余钢水量,有利于缩短混浇时间,减小过渡坯长度.同时,在各工况条件下,近流混浇时间最短,中流较长,远流最长.     

控制焊接残余应力方法的超声波监控

为了减少焊接件的残余应力测量时间,基于声弹性效应,采用对应力最为敏感的临界折射纵波,建立了焊接残余应力超声波测量系统,可以准确的检测出焊接结构的内部应力.用该测量系统对随焊旋转挤压法、随焊冲击碾压法、电磁冲击法、预置应力法等一系列降低焊接残余应力的控制方法进行了监控,试验结果给出了各控制方法的残余应力降低程度,确认了工艺参数的合理性.该试验过程无损快速克服了传统切割释放测量方法的耗时费力,加快了控制方法的研制进程.     

First principle study on the possibilities of magnetism in one-dimensional In and T1 atomic wires with the full-potential linearized augmented plane wave method

Using ab initio total energy calculations with the full-potential linearized augmented plane wave method, the possibilities of magnetism in one-dimensional In and TI wires were explored and their properties as the function of geometric structures were studied. The results suggest that the linear In and T1 wires show magnetization at the equilibrium bond distance with magnetic moments of 0.71 and 0.67 μB/atom, respectively. Allowing ions to relax, the wires were deformed as zigzag structures, but no dimerization occurs. The zigzag wires also exhibit spontaneous magnetization, although the magnetic moments are lower than those of straight wires.     

耐负荷的Ag-Cu-C-SnO2触头材料的制备

将一定比例的Cu、石墨、SnO2粉末混合装入7根纯铜管内，封口后再以密排方式装入一银管中。采用多次挤压-拉拔连续纤维复合工艺制备出了Ag-Cu-C-SnO2复合触头材料。用金相显微镜观察了材料组织结构，测试了材料的机械性能、电性能等，并进行了寿命试验。结果表明，多次挤压一拉拔工艺可以制备连续纤维化的Ag-Cu-C-SnO2复合材料，其接触电阻稳定，有较好的抗熔焊性和抗电弧烧损性。材料经直流28V，40A电负荷下，工作寿命之在3000次以上，可在大、中负荷下的多种继电器、接触器上得到应用。     

Wear Evolution in a Stranded Rope Subjected to Cyclic Bending

Wire ropes, due to their construction, combine two very interesting properties: high axial strength and flexibility in bending. However, the assemblage of wires to form flexible ropes results in the sliding of contacting wires and the creation of wear scars, which can act as stress risers and reduce the fatigue life of ropes. Therefore, in order to understand the fatigue behavior of wire ropes, the degradation that occurs between the wires and the strands has to be studied first. In this study, after identifying the main wear patterns for a polymer-covered stranded rope, the wear evolution along the number of cycles and the effect of the sheave diameter in the preferential wear sites were analyzed. The tests were carried out in a custom-made Bending over Sheave (BoS) fatigue test bench and short segments of the rope were analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and confocal imaging profilometry in order to characterize the wear scars. The worn volume and the wear scar depth were selected as the most suitable parameters to characterize the wear behavior of wires. In addition, the importance of the polymeric cover and sheave diameter was proved: a reduction of the sheave diameter results in a bigger wear rate (μm³/cycle).