Refinement of primary carbides in AISI DC 53 cold work tool steel by thin section copper permanent mould casting and water atomization

In this study, as alternative methods to conventional production methods involving thin section copper permanent mould casting (fast solidification) and water atomization (rapid solidification) of AISI DC 53 cold work tool steel have been investigated. Thin slabs obtained by copper mould casting was homogenized at 1150 °C for one hour and then hot rolling was be applied. After hot rolling, conventional heat treatment have been applied to thin slabs. The same heat treatment procedure have been performed for a commercially available AISI DC 53 which is manufactured by thick section ingot casting and rolling. In order to investigate also the effect of rapid solidification on AISI DC 53 tool steel, steel powder was produced by water atomization technique. Experiments have revealed that thin steel slabs in permanent copper mould and rapidly solidified tool steel powder by water atomization have a more refined primary M₇C₃ carbides than commercially available steel.     

Increasing Solidification Rate of M2 High-Speed Steel Ingot by Fusible Metal Mold

As one of the most popular used high-speed steels, M2 possesses excellent hardness and toughness as cutting tools. Networks of eutectic carbides distributing in the inter-dendritic region are academically considered to be the typical microstructure of M2, which can be refined by increasing cooling rate. In this paper, a novel casting method named fusible metal mold(FMM) is employed to refine the microstructure of M2 high-speed steel. Results show that FMM casting method can improve cooling rate by 100% without any contamination of the melts’ composition.     

特大型球墨铸铁钢锭模的铸造工艺

介绍了重量38t的大型钢锭模球铁件的生产工艺。采用底注式浇注系统,锭模内孔型芯采用焊接钢管芯骨,外层30mm为呋喃树脂砂层。铸件顶部延长200mm作为本体冒口,其顶面还设有4个安全小冒口。浇注后钢管芯骨内注入冷却水,对铸件下段进行强制冷却。利用球墨铸铁石墨化膨胀进行自补缩解决了铸件内部的缩孔、缩松缺陷,使生产的铸件达到质量要求。     

含稀土轧辊用高速钢淬回火过程微观组织转变

利用金相(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)及能损谱(EELS)等手段,研究了含稀土轧辊用高速钢在1100℃淬火和550℃两次回火热处理过程的微观组织变化特征,重点探讨了碳化物行为。结果表明,淬火加热过程中热稳定性较高的MC和M6C型一次共晶碳化物难以溶解,亚稳态的M2C型一次共晶碳化物则发生分解反应得到MC和M6C两种碳化物,分解形成的M6C较MC量多且尺寸较大,小颗粒MC包含在M6C之中;淬火基体组织由马氏体和残留奥氏体组成,淬火马氏体既有板条马氏体也有孪晶型马氏体。经两次回火后,残留奥氏体得以有效消除,大量细小富V的MC型二次碳化物弥散析出产生二次硬化现象。     

热型连铸单晶铜工艺参数对铸棒表面质量的影响

在自行设计，制造的横引式热型连铸设备上对影响连铸过程的各工艺参数进行试验，并就各工艺参数对铸件表面质量的影响机理进行了分析。结果表明，各工艺参数主要是通过影响固液界面在型口中的位置来影响铸棒的表面质量，只有对各工艺参数进行合理匹配，才能得到表面光滑的铸棒，此外，液位高度变化即液位波动，也会对铸棒的表面质量产生 一定影响。     

金属型铸造高铬铸铁Cr20组织及性能的研究

研究了金属型铸造高铬铸铁Cr20的铸态组织和性能,以及主要合金元素对性能的影响。结果表明,用金属型铸造的高铬铸铁Cr20的铸态组织为奥氏体基体,共晶碳化物为孤立的块状分布,具有较高的硬度和一定的韧性,并且还可以降低合金元素Mo和Ni的加入量。对于不能通过常规热处理进行淬火硬化的高铬铸铁件,可用金属型铸造来满足在铸态下使用的要求。     

钒对高铬合金铸渗层组织与性能的影响

通过真空实型铸造工艺(V-EPC)在ZG45钢表面制备不同含钒量的高铬合金复合层,采用扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)分析了含钒量对铸渗层组织的影响,使用洛氏硬度计和冲击磨损试验机研究了钒含量对硬度和耐磨性的影响。研究表明,铸渗层组织主要由α-Fe与α-Fe+M₇C₃+VC共晶组织组成,过渡层内各合金元素成梯度分布,C、Cr、V元素自铸渗层向基体发生了扩散,且C、Cr、V元素的分布与碳化物的分布高度重合。随着钒含量的增加,晶粒逐渐细化,共晶碳化物数量逐渐增多,VC也增多,铸渗层硬度和耐磨性显著提高。热处理后有大量二次碳化物析出,随着铸渗层中钒含量增加,热处理后二次硬化效果显著提高。     

Relationships between the surface quality of a single crystal copper ingot and the process parameters of a heated mould continuous casting method

The relationships between the surface quality of a single crystal copper ingot and the process parameters of heated mould continuous casting method were studied experimentally using our own design of horizontal heated mould continuous casting apparatus, and the mechanism by which process parameters affect the surface quality of a single crystal copper ingot is analyzed in the present paper. The results show that the process parameters affect the surface quality of a pure copper ingot by affecting the position of the liquid-solid interface in the mould. The position of the liquid-solid interface in the mould must be controlled carefully within an appropriate range, which is determined through a series of experiments,in order to gain a single crystal copper ingot with good surface quality.     

结晶冷却速度对中铬铸铁组织和性能的影响

通过采用砂型和金属型铸造的方法,研究了结晶冷却速度对中铬铸铁铸态组织和性能的影响。试验结果表明:提高结晶冷却速度可以使中铬铸铁的组织明显细化,特别是奥氏体一次、二次枝晶间距显著减小;(Fe,Cr)3C型碳化物含量增多,碳化物尺寸减小,综合力学性能得到提高。     

球铁铝锭模材料热疲劳性能的研究

模拟铝锭模的使用条件,研究了不同基体组织球墨铸铁的热疲劳性能.结果表明,退火铁素体铝铸锭模使用寿命最长.该铝锭模安装在包头铝业公司的2台铝锭连续铸造机上使用,平均每天铸锭48t/台,连续使用410天.而普通材质的球铁铝锭模使用寿命仅为120到150天左右.     

钒钛蠕墨铸铁大型钢锭模的组织与性能

用攀钢钒钛生铁试制的钒钛蠕墨铸铁钢锭模,与钒钛灰铸铁钢锭模相比,其使用寿命可提高25％左右,且机械性能和耐热性能都有改善。这种钢锭模蠕虫状石墨呈族团分布,基体组织由铁素体和共晶团边界上的珠光体组成。钒钛块状化合物主要分布在共晶团边界上。     

Effects of electrode configuration on electroslag remelting process of M2 high-speed steel ingot

The electrode configuration determines the thermophysical field during the electroslag remelting(ESR) process and affects the final microstructure of the ingot. In this work, ingot with a diameter of 400 mm was prepared with two electrode configuration modes of single power ESR process, namely one electrode(OE) and two series-connected electrodes(TSCE). Finite element simulation was employed to calculate the electromagnetic field, flow field and temperature field of the ESR system. The results show that the temperature of the slag pool and the metal pool of the TSCE process is lower and more uniform than that of the OE process.The calculated temperature distribution of the ingot could be indirectly verified from the shape of the metal pool by the experiment. The experimental results show that the depth of the metal pool in the OE ingot is about 160 mm, while the depth of the TSCE ingot is nearly 40 mm shallower than that of the OE ingot. Microstructural comparisons indicate that coarse eutectic carbides are formed in the center of the OE ingot, whereas more even eutectic carbides appear in the center of the TSCE ingot. In general, compared with the OE process, the TSCE process is preferred to remelt high speed steel ingots.     

热型连铸技术的发展与应用

热型连铸是一项近净成形(near-net-shape)技术,它是将定向凝固和连铸技术结合起来的一种新型工艺.通过对有关文献的综述介绍了热型连铸的原理和工艺特点、工艺和设备种类的发展及其应用研究现状,论述了铸型出口温度、冷却距离(冷却点到铸型出口端的距离)、拉铸速度等工艺变量对铸造型材质量的影响,指出了该技术的局限性及改进方向.     

Effect of potassium on as-cast microstructure of a hypereutectic high chromium cast iron

The present work mainly evaluates the effect of potassium(K) on as-cast microstructure of a hypereutectic high chromium cast iron by means of a field emission scanning electron microscope(FESEM) and an X-ray diffractometer using CuKα radiation with a 2θ range of 30-130°.Results showed that,with the addition of K-containing modifier,the large lath-like and/or rod-like primary M7C3 carbides can be modified to the hexagonal prisms,and the eutectic carbides can also be refined.In addition,the carbides are distr...     

高铬白口铸铁中碳当量对抗磨性能的影响

高铬白口铸铁的共晶显微组织与普通白口铸铁的共晶组织不同,其中不连续的条块状共晶铁、铬碳化物M7C3占25%左右,与富铬的二次碳化物位于金属基体奥氏体或其转变产物中,而后者的M3C碳化物能占到48%,可看作渗硫体基体或海锦状渗碳体,里面镶嵌奥氏体转变产物,所以共晶型高铬白口铸铁的韧性比普通共晶型白口铸铁好,共晶组织中碳化物的短小空间对共晶奥氏体基体起到良好的保护作用,在高应力磨料磨损条件下,过共晶高铬白口铸铁中的大块状初生M7C3碳化物能很好地抵抗磨粒对抗磨件施加的法向压力和切向剪切力,不易断裂,故而抗磨性能较好.     

热型连铸锌铝合金的缺陷形成与机理

对5种典型锌铝合金在热型连铸工艺条件下的连续定向凝固进行了研究, 探讨该工艺下锌铝合金线材表面缺陷的产生机理, 并对部分缺陷的组织结构进行了显微分析. 结果表明 只有金属液压头、型口温度、拉铸速度和冷却条件诸工艺参数在一定范围内的协调配合, 才能拉铸出表面光滑的锌铝合金线材. 不合理的工艺参数将导致热裂、表面粗糙、糊状型口和拉漏等缺陷. 固液两相区的形状和位置对上述缺陷的形成有重要影响, 当固液两相区位于型口或型内时, 凝固界面将向型内凸入, 如果剩余液体不能抵消凝固收缩, 就会出现表面粗糙; 若凝固界面深入型内较多, 则使型内凝固的铸锭摩擦力过大, 形成热裂; 固液两相区移至型外, 凝固界面将变成平面, 容易发生拉漏.     

SDH13钢的组织性能及热疲劳行为研究

研究了钢的生产工艺对模具性能和使用寿命的影响。研究结果表明，普通工艺生产的H13钢模块含有大块状共晶碳化物，并且存在成分偏析，导致钢的冲击韧度降低，影响模具的使用性能。而采用高温均匀化和超细化等工艺处理SDH13钢，则消除了大块共晶碳化物，改善了偏析和碳化物的形态及分布，细化了组织，从而提高了模块的心部强韧性和模具的使用寿命。     

变质处理对M2高速钢组织和性能的影响

用Y—K—Na对M2高速钢进行复合变质处理,研究了变质处理对M2高速钢组织和性能的影响。结果表明,M2铸造高速钢经Y-K-Na复合变质处理后,组织明显细化,共晶碳化物由网状分布变为块状和团球状,冲击韧性提高70.7％,耐磨性也明显提高,各项力学性能接近锻造M2高速钢的水平。     

不同类型碳化物在基体中的分布对高速钢轧辊性能的影响

通过对具有不同组织的两种进口高速钢轧辊及一种国产辊环进行冷热疲劳试验及摩擦磨损试验，研究了不同类型碳化物在基体中的分布对高速钢轧辊性能的影响。结果表明，在晶界处分布的大块未溶共晶碳化物周围容易萌生裂纹，且大块的未溶共晶碳化物在经过多次冷热疲劳循环后容易碎裂并脱落，在磨损过程中，大块未溶共晶碳化物同样容易发生碎裂及脱落现象，大大影响耐磨损性能；裂纹容易沿晶界处分布的碳化物扩展，且晶界处分布大块的未溶共晶碳化物或碳化物联结成网状容易促进裂纹的扩展；晶界处M2C型碳化物与晶界成一定角度分布，具有一定阻碍裂纹扩展的作用；不同类型碳化物在基体中的弥散分布对于提高其耐磨性能具有很大作用。     

连铸结晶器内流场研究进展

针对连铸过程中结晶器内金属液的流动对卷渣、夹杂物的捕捉，裂纹的形成和铸件表面质量有重要影响等问题，综合介绍了连铸结晶器流场研究方法及进展，并对其中存在的问题进行了探讨。