超音速火焰喷涂316L不锈钢涂层性能研究

采用超音速火焰喷涂技术(HVOF)在高强钢表面制备了316L不锈钢涂层,利用扫描电镜、显微硬度仪、电化学测试系统等设备对涂层金相组织、硬度、结合性能和抗腐蚀性能等进行了测试,并分析了WC-CoCr中间层对316L不锈钢粉末涂层结合强度及涂层界面的影响。结果表明:超音速火焰喷涂316L不锈钢粉末颗粒在喷涂中变形充分,形成较致密的涂层,并具有超过400 HV0.1的显微硬度;涂层具有较高自腐蚀电位,耐蚀性优于高强钢;涂层结合强度随着涂层厚度的减小、基体硬度的增加而提高;WC-CoCr底层可改善涂层界面结合,从而改善316L不锈钢涂层的结合性能。     

A Study on Cavitation Erosion and Corrosion Behavior of Al-, Zn-, Cu-, and Fe-Based Coatings Prepared by Arc Spraying

Investigation to find a suitable coating material for a rudder application has been carried out in this study. Ten different coatings were prepared by arc spraying with Al-, Zn-, Cu-, and Fe-based wire feedstock. Both the cavitation erosion and marine corrosion behavior of the arc-sprayed coatings were evaluated, and compared with the conventional anti-corrosion paint. In terms of marine corrosion resistance, aluminum coating was the best among the tested coating systems while stainless steel coating showed the highest resistance against cavitation erosion. In addition, the effects of both the Si composition in Al-based coatings and the Ni composition in Cu- and Fe- based coatings were discussed in this study.     

Improvement of corrosion resistance of high-velocity oxyfuel-sprayed stainless steel coatings by addition of molybdenum

To improve the marine corrosion resistance of stainless steel coatings fabricated by high-velocity oxyfuel (HVOF) spraying with a gas shroud attachment, the molybdenum (Mo) content of stainless steel was increased to form coatings with a chemical composition of Fe balance-18mass%Cr-22mass%Ni-2∼8mass%Mo. These coatings were highly dense, with <0.1 vol.% in porosity, and less oxidized, with 0.5 mass% in oxygen content at most. The corrosion mechanism and resistance of the coatings were investigated by electrochemical measurement, chemical analysis, and statistical processing. The general corrosion resistance of the coatings in 0.5 mol/dm³ sulfuric acid was improved with increases in Mo content, and the corrosion rate could be decreased to 8.8 × 10⁻² mg/cm² per hour (∼1 mm/year) at 8 mass% Mo. The pitting corrosion resistance of the coatings in artificial seawater was improved with increases in Mo content and was superior to that of the 316L stainless steel coating. The crevice corrosion resistance of the coatings in artificial seawater was improved and the number of rust spots at 4 mass% Mo was decreased to 38% of that for the 316L coating. Accordingly, Mo is highly effective in improving the corrosion resistance of the stainless steel coatings by HVOF spraying.     

矿用碳钢罐道表面超音速喷涂不锈钢涂层研究

本文研究了在碳钢罐道表面超音速喷涂不锈钢涂层的腐蚀磨损性能和腐蚀行为。对超音速喷涂不锈钢涂层在3种极端煤矿地下水环境下的腐蚀规律、界面腐蚀特征和腐蚀产物进行了实验,对不同载荷下磨损规律、摩擦系数变化规律和磨损表面形貌进行了观察。实验结果表明,超音速喷涂不锈钢涂层的摩擦系数随着加载载荷的增加而减小,其磨损速率比碳钢罐道降低10倍以上,不锈钢涂层表面磨损失效主要为轻微的粘着磨损;不锈钢涂层的腐蚀电位较碳钢基体上升300mv;不锈钢涂层在5％NaCl和pH2．97矿井水的强腐蚀性环境下的界面腐蚀主要为浓差腐蚀,在pH6．97和pH9．98矿井水的弱腐蚀环境下的界面腐蚀主要是电荷传质腐蚀;XRD结果显示超音速喷涂不锈钢涂层和不锈钢喷涂材料的物相主要为γ-（Fe,Ni）、γ-（Fe,Cr）,合金元素烧损较少。     

苯酚及其衍生物的电化学聚合及耐蚀性能

以Na_2CO_3为介质,利用电化学循环伏安法在不锈钢表面上电聚合沉积聚苯酚及聚邻苯二酚、聚邻氨基酚等聚合物膜,并采用阳极极化曲线法初步评估这些聚合物膜对不锈钢腐蚀的防护作用。试验所得聚合物膜呈棕色,均匀致密,与不锈钢基体的结合较好,在氯化钠溶液中的电化学测试表明,聚苯酚及其衍生物薄膜均能有效地提高不锈钢的耐腐蚀性。     

AH32钢表面等离子喷涂制备疏水涂层及其耐腐蚀性能研究

目的提高AH32海洋用钢表面的疏水性及耐蚀性,并给出最佳性能的喷涂涂层成分。方法采用大气等离子喷涂技术,在AH32钢表面制备了三种不同成分的涂层。利用微量进样器结合半球法测量了涂层的接触角,并利用Qwen-Wendt公式对涂层的表面能进行了计算,利用扫描电子显微镜观察涂层的表面形貌,利用表面粗糙度仪测量涂层的表面粗糙度,利用冲刷实验及电化学工作站测量了不同涂层的耐蚀性能,并讨论了不同涂层的疏水机制及相应的腐蚀机理。结果等离子喷涂涂层显著改善了AH32钢的疏水性能。相比而言,等离子喷涂Co基涂层及等离子喷涂Ni基涂层与水的静态接触角达到了130°以上,均具有较好的疏水效果。三种涂层均明显改善了AH32钢的耐海水冲刷腐蚀能力,其中AH32钢基体腐蚀30d后的失重为1.68×10^-2 g/cm^2,等离子喷涂Ni基涂层的腐蚀失重最小,约为4.2×10^-3 g/cm^2。极化曲线测试结果也表明,三种涂层的自腐蚀电位较基体提高了300 mV左右,并且腐蚀电流密度较基体降低了1个数量级以上,另外Co基涂层的腐蚀电流密度高于Ni基涂层的腐蚀电流密度,因此Co基涂层在腐蚀过程中表面会产生较多的羟基基团,导致其与水的静态接触角降低,最终导致其疏水性能下降。结论等离子喷涂Ni基涂层的疏水性能最好,腐蚀速率最小,耐冲刷腐蚀性能最佳,与基体相比,其腐蚀失重减小了1.26×10^-2 g/cm^2。     

添加不同稀土元素对固体包埋法在 304 不锈钢表面制备 Ti / Cr-RE 双层涂层电化学性能的影响

目的选择合适的稀土制备Ti/Cr-RE双层涂层,提高不锈钢的耐腐蚀性能。方法采用两步粉末包埋法,先在304不锈钢表面渗Ti,再制备稀土改性Cr涂层,获得Ti/Cr-RE双层涂层。通过添加不同的稀土氧化物Y2O3和Ce O2,获得两种双层涂层,对比分析涂层的表面形貌、断面形貌及物相组成,利用电化学测试方法测定304不锈钢基体及两种Ti/Cr-RE双层涂层在3.5%(质量分数)Na Cl溶液中的电化学腐蚀性能。结果添加不同稀土元素钇、铈,都能在渗Ti不锈钢表面形成一层致密、连续的稀土改性渗铬层。在两种稀土元素改性的Cr涂层中,稀土元素分别与Cr,Fe,Ni,Ti形成了金属间化合物。304不锈钢基体的自腐蚀电位为-0.324 V,腐蚀电流密度为0.1363μA/cm2;钇改性铬涂层的自腐蚀电位为-0.341 V,腐蚀电流密度为0.2058μA/cm2;铈改性铬涂层则具有更高的自腐蚀电位(-0.263 V)及更低的腐蚀电流密度(0.030 86μA/cm2)。结论钇改性铬涂层不能提高304不锈钢基体的耐腐蚀性能,铈改性铬涂层可以明显提高基体的耐腐蚀性能。     

Corrosion performance of HVOF and APS thermally sprayed NiTi intermetallic coatings in 3.5% NaCl solution

Amorphous/nanocrystalline Ni-Ti powders produced by low energy mechanical alloying were used as feedstock to deposit NiTi intermetallic coatings on 316L stainless steel substrate using high velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) and air plasma spraying (APS) processes. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and polarization tests indicated that the corrosion performance and passive behaviour of HVOF coating were far better than those of APS coating. The study also showed that the solution had penetrated through the coating microcracks and caused interior corrosion of APS coating, while the HVOF coating was immune from interior corrosion attack and consequently exhibited a good passive behaviour during long-term immersion.     

The corrosion and wear behavior of TiN and TiAlN coated AISI 316 L stainless steel

In this study, TiN and TiAlN coatings were deposited on AISI 316 L stainless steel substrates by PVD techniques. The composition and crystalline structure of the as-deposited coatings were analyzed by energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) methods, respectively. The corrosion resistance studies of TiN-coated and TiAlN-coated samples were carried out in 0.9 wt % NaCl and SBF solutions using the electrochemical potentiodynamic polarization method and the wear behavior was evaluated with the ball-on-disk wear method at a sliding speed rate of 0.3 m/s under 2.5 N load in a dry medium. It was found that both TiN and TiAlN coatings exhibited relatively good corrosion resistance, however, TiAlN coatings showed a better corrosion resistance than TiN coatings. The TiAlN coating contributes positively against corrosion and wear behavior by increasing the surface hardness and by decreasing the friction coefficient of AISI 316 L stainless steel, respectively.     

低压等离子喷涂316L不锈钢涂层组织对性能的影响

目的研究涂层组织形貌对涂层性能的影响。方法采用低压等离子喷涂方法制备316L不锈钢涂层,通过改变喷涂条件以及热处理工艺分别得到颗粒堆积、层片状和等轴晶三种不同组织的涂层。利用金相显微镜、X射线衍射、显微硬度计和浸泡实验,分析其金相组织、相结构、显微硬度和耐腐蚀性,对比分析三种不同涂层的性能。结果等轴晶涂层只含奥氏体相,而颗粒状和层片状涂层除奥氏体相外,还有?铁素体相。层片状涂层显微硬度最高(为262 HV0.3),颗粒状涂层次之(为243 HV0.3),等轴晶涂层硬度最低(为118 HV0.3)。在浓盐酸中浸泡1、2、3 h,层片状涂层质量损失分别为0.0110、0.0262、0.0445 mg/cm~2,颗粒状涂层质量损失分别为0.0078、0.0128、0.0262 mg/cm~2,等轴晶涂层质量损失分别为0.0071、0.0100、0.0126mg/cm~2。结论层片状涂层有最高的显微硬度和最差的耐腐蚀性,等轴晶涂层则有最好的耐腐蚀性和最低的显微硬度,颗粒状涂层介于两者之间。     

镁合金表面冷喷涂技术研究进展

归纳和总结了国内外镁合金冷喷涂技术最新研究进展,介绍了镁合金冷喷涂Al-Zn、纯Al、Al基复合涂层、Al基非晶涂层、Zn基合金、Ni、不锈钢涂层等的耐腐蚀性。讨论了工艺参数(如压力、温度)以及喷涂材料的选择,涂层对镁合金防腐蚀性能的影响,展望了未来镁合金在汽车、航空航天轻量化方面的发展。     

不同体系中缺陷大小对有机涂层失效形貌的影响

分别在刷涂于铁基体、Al电弧喷涂层和Zn-Al-Mg-RE电弧喷涂层表面的有机涂层中制备了大小不同的人工缺陷,观察了各体系进行电化学交流阻抗(EIS)测试后有机涂层的失效形貌及缺陷处腐蚀产物的微观结构,并分析了各体系的失效机制.结果表明,对于在铁基体和Al电弧喷涂层表面刷涂有机涂层体系,缺陷尺寸越小,有机涂层失效越严重,主要是因为缺陷大小影响腐蚀产物向腐蚀介质中的扩散造成的;对于在Zn-Al-Mg-RE电弧喷涂层表面刷涂有机涂层的体系,缺陷尺寸大小对有机涂层失效形貌的影响不大,主要是因为在人工孔隙中生成了微观结构致密的腐蚀产物造成的.     

Effects of HVOF Process Parameters on the Properties of Ni-Cr Coatings

This research examined the influence of processing parameters on the structure of a Ni-50Cr coating applied by high-velocity oxy-fuel spraying onto stainless steel specimens. This type of coating is normally used as protection against heat and corrosion encountered in power plant and marine boilers, and oil refinery heaters. A statistical design of experiments identified fuel and oxygen flow rates and spraying distance as the most influential parameters controlling the in-flight characteristics of the powder particles prior to impact. The effects of these parameters on the porosity level, oxide content, and microhardness of the coatings were then investigated in more detail. These results indicated that the oxide content and hardness of the coatings were dependent on the gas combustion ratio but not on spraying distance. The porosity level and amount of unmelted particles were reduced at the longest spraying distance.     

火焰喷涂Al、Zn-Al涂层在舟山地区海洋环境的腐蚀行为

利用宏观腐蚀形貌分析、3D微观形貌分析、腐蚀产物XRD检测、电化学阻抗谱对火焰喷涂 Al和Zn-Al15%涂层在舟山站潮差区和飞溅区的腐蚀行为进行了探究,其结果显示：两种涂层经12 a海洋环境实验仍具有很好的保护性能,喷Al和Zn-Al涂层在潮差区腐蚀比飞溅区腐蚀严重;喷Al比Zn-Al涂层有更好的耐蚀性; EIS测试说明喷Al的阻抗值大于喷Zn-Al涂层,喷Al涂层的防护效果优于Zn-Al涂层。     

304不锈钢局部干法水下激光填丝熔覆层微观组织及性能

采用自行研发的水下激光填丝熔覆装备,在304奥氏体不锈钢板材表面进行激光填丝熔覆试验,并对空气环境和水下环境的熔覆结果进行对比分析,以探索在水下环境进行304不锈钢的缺陷修复. 通过XRD,EDS,光学显微镜分析了熔覆层的显微组织、化学成分和物相组成,采用显微硬度仪进行了硬度测试,利用动电位极化与交流阻抗谱技术研究熔覆层电化学腐蚀行为. 结果表明,在两种环境下均制备了单层多道熔覆层,且无明显气孔、裂纹等缺陷;熔覆层包括熔覆区、搭接区、相变影响区、熔合区、热影响区,显微组织主要由奥氏体、铁素体、马氏体组成;由于各区域内微观组织及晶粒的大小不同,使得熔覆层硬度呈阶梯分布;在3.5%NaCl溶液中,两种环境熔覆层均呈现出明显的钝化行为,且两种熔覆层耐腐蚀性能相近;所研制的水下激光填丝熔覆装备及工艺,可以满足实际工程对于熔覆层高效制备、成形质量控制及耐蚀性能的要求,可用于水下环境304不锈钢表面的防护与修复.     

Microstructure and properties of AC-HVAF sprayed Ni60/WC composite coating

A Ni60/WC coating was deposited on 0Cr13Ni5Mo stainless steel substrate by the actived combustion-high velocity air fuel (AC-HVAF) technique. The structure and morphologies of the Ni60/WC coating were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the wear resistance and corrosion resistance were studied. The results showed that the AC-HVAF spraying was seen as the pre-eminent process for the deposition of Ni60/WC coating. Due to low particle heating and high particle velocity in the HVAF process, WC phase remain almost unchanged after spraying. The tribological behaviors were evaluated by using a HT-600 wear test rig. Under the same conditions, the worn volume of 0Cr13Ni5Mo stainless steel was 10.43 times more than that of the coating. The wear mechanism was mainly fatigue wear. A series of the electrochemical tests was carried out in a 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution in order to examine the corrosion behavior. Mechanisms for corrosion resistance were discussed.     

316L不锈钢表面NbC涂层的制备与性能评价

目的探究NbC涂层作为惰性涂层在模拟体液中的耐腐蚀性能及血液相容性能,并为NbC涂层作为生物惰性涂层改善316L不锈钢心血管支架的表面性能提供参考依据。方法采用物理气相沉积法制备NbC涂层,并通过优化工艺参数改善涂层性能。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、原子力显微镜(AFM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、纳米压痕仪和原位纳米划痕仪,对涂层的微观结构及性能进行研究。采用循环伏安法对涂层的耐腐蚀性能进行表征。采用血小板粘附实验对涂层的血小板粘附行为进行了评价。结果制备的涂层具有结合性能强和致密度高等优点。随着基体温度的升高,NbC涂层的力学性能、耐腐蚀性能及血小板粘附特性均得到明显改善,硬度及弹性模量分别由(12.5±0.2)GPa和(213±0.8)GPa上升到(24.5±0.4)GPa和(275±1.1) GPa,自腐蚀速率优化明显,由8.76×10~(-6)A/cm~2降到1.98×10~(-8)A/cm~2。结论 NbC涂层在模拟体液中具备与316L不锈钢相当的稳定性,但其腐蚀速率远低于316L不锈钢,血小板粘附数量及变形较基体316L不锈钢得到显著改善,有望成为改善316L不锈钢表面性能的惰性涂层。     

超高分子量聚乙烯/石墨烯复合涂层制备及其在海洋装备防护中的应用

目的采用热喷涂技术制备涂层,通过材料选择和结构设计,有效延缓海水对金属基底的腐蚀和冲蚀,并抑制海洋材料表面生物污损等对海洋材料的严重破坏。方法采用高能球磨法制备了聚乙烯-石墨烯(UHMWPE-graphene)复合粉末,用火焰喷涂技术在E235B碳钢基底表面制备UHMWPE和UHMWPE-graphene复合涂层。通过扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜对原始粉末和涂层微观组织进行表征,并通过摩擦磨损实验、电化学测试、生物污损检测,分别评价涂层耐海水冲刷性能、耐腐蚀性能以及抗生物污损特性。结果相对于碳钢和UHMWPE涂层,UHMWPE-graphene复合涂层的腐蚀电位提高和腐蚀电流减小,预示着样品的耐腐蚀特性增强。由于UHMWPE-graphene复合涂层呈现疏水性以及更低的表面能,使其表现出优异的抵抗海藻贴附的能力。添加石墨烯的复合涂层的摩擦系数和磨损率比纯UHMWPE涂层均有一定程度的降低。添加石墨烯质量分数为0.5%时,涂层的摩擦系数由0.236降低到0.195,且磨损率下降了约26%。结论利用火焰热喷涂技术在碳钢表面成功制备了组织致密的UHMWPE涂层、UHMWPE-0.2%graphene和UHMWPE-0.5%graphene复合涂层。石墨烯的添加,能够有效提高涂层在模拟海洋环境中的耐蚀性、抗生物污损性及耐磨性。     

Study of the Antibacterial Behavior of Wire Arc Sprayed Copper Coatings

Antibacterial surfaces such as silver and copper coated areas reduce risk of bacterial growth considerably. In this study, wire arc spraying has been utilized to produce an antibacterial copper coating with ultrafine microstructure on stainless steel substrate. The chemical composition, microstructure, and surface morphology of copper coatings were characterized with x-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope. Determination of thickness and adhesion of the coating were investigated. The antibacterial property of copper coatings was analyzed by both gram negative Escherichia coli NCTC 10418 and gram positive Staphylococcus aureus NCTC 11047. The antibacterial performance of coatings was compared to that of stainless steel 316 and a micrograin structure of the commercially available copper. Results indicated that the as-sprayed copper coatings have excellent antibacterial behavior compared to stainless steel and micrograin copper, which can be attributed to the presence of the ultrafine grain size, micropores, and crystallographic defects in the microstructure.     

Degradation Behavior of Nanostructured Coatings Deposited by High-Velocity Arc Spraying Process in an Actual Environment of a Coal-Fired Boiler

FeCr-based nanostructured coatings were deposited on a 301S stainless steel substrate by the high-velocity arc spraying process in the current work. The oxidation behavior of the coatings exposed to elevated temperatures (700°C and 900°C) under laboratory conditions as well as in an actual industrial environment of a coal-fired boiler (at 700 ± 10°C) was investigated. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive analysis, and transmission electron microscopy techniques were used to characterize the coating as well as to analyze the corrosion products for elucidating the corrosion mechanisms. The microhardness of the coating was found to be 520–1100 HV. The (FeCr)-based nanostructured coating showed good adherence to the 310S substrate and excellent oxidation resistance during the exposures with no tendency for spallation of its oxide scales in both environments. The nanosized grain morphology of the coating facilitated the formation of protective scales, which is continuous, adherent, and nonporous due to the higher diffusivity of alloying elements in the coatings. It precludes high-temperature oxidation by acting as a diffusion barrier between the environment and the coating.