低碳马氏体及马氏体/贝氏体复合组织的疲劳断裂特性SCIEI

用20CrMnMo钢油淬和360℃等温淬火,得到低碳马氏体(LCM)及马氏体-贝氏体复合组织(LCM/B).用四点弯曲加载法进行疲劳试验,测定其裂纹扩展速率da/dN和门槛值△K_(th);并通过显微分析,观测裂纹扩展路径,断口形貌与组织的关系。结果表明,通过短时等温处理引入20％下贝氏体,形成LCM/B复合组织,可大幅度提高门槛值△K_(th),并显著降低裂纹扩展速率.门槛值的提高主要来源于闭合力的提高.文中着重从裂纹扩展路径的变化来探讨组织对da/dN和△K_(th)的作用机理。     

C—Si—Mn—B贝氏体钢的疲劳裂纹扩展特性

本文研究了C－Si-Mn-B贝氏体钢的疲劳裂纹扩展特性。结果表明,在强度相近的情况下,含1．8％Si钢的门槛值△Kth较0．6％Si钢的低,而且钢中的残余奥氏体对提高△Kth值并非有利。1．8％Si钢的△Kth值随钢的屈服强度降低而提高,然而450℃回火后,虽然△Kt提高,但裂纹扩展速率也显著提高,这表明450℃回火贝氏体脆性促进了疲劳裂纹的扩展。在应力强度因子较高的范围内,疲劳裂纹扩展速率受钢的断裂韧性影响,断裂韧性高,裂纹扩展速率低。     

显微组织对珠光体钢疲劳裂纹扩展速率的影响

用金相显微镜、扫描电镜(SEM)及带有切口的三点弯曲试样研究了显微组织对珠光体钢疲劳裂纹扩展速率的影响。结果表明:共析珠光体钢中的疲劳裂纹扩展速率da/dN取决于珠光体层片间距。细化珠光体层片间距可有效减缓共析珠光体钢中的疲劳裂纹扩展速率,尤其在高应力场强度因子幅值△K作用的情况下;珠光体钢的疲劳裂纹扩展速率与断裂前的△K之间的关系为:da/dN=6.94×10~(-9)(△K)~(2.919) (mm·c~(-1));显微组织中存在一定量的先共析铁素体可显著降低珠光体钢中疲劳裂纹的扩展速率。     

2124铝合金TL取向疲劳裂纹扩展门槛值

用降载法测得了2124铝合金TL取向应力比R=0.1、0.3、0.5、0.7下的疲劳裂纹扩展门槛值,用线性拟合法得到da/dN=C1△Kn1中的C1和n1值,将其带入裂纹扩展速率da/dN-△K表达式中,并按标规定取疲劳裂纹扩展速率(da/dN)=10-7 mm/cycle时的△K值为疲劳裂纹扩展门槛值△Kth,分析了应力比对裂纹扩展门槛值的影响.     

温度对TC4-DT损伤容限型钛合金疲劳裂纹扩展行为的影响

对TC4-DT损伤容限型钛合金在150℃，25℃下的疲劳裂纹扩展速率da／dN进行了测试，给出了扩展速率和应力强度因子幅值AK之间的关系曲线。用SEM对2种温度下断口形貌进行了观测，实验结果表明，150℃的疲劳裂纹扩展速率试样具有较低的疲劳裂纹扩展速率，25℃的疲劳裂纹扩展速率试样具有较低的门槛值；稳态扩展区解理断裂和条带循环机制共存，150℃的da／dN试样中的疲劳辉间距比25℃试样细；快速扩展区的断口形貌呈韧窝型静载断裂特征，150℃的da／dN试样中的韧窝比25℃试样深。     

显微组织对Ti-6Al-4V ELI合金疲劳裂纹扩展速率的影响

研究了Ti-6Al-4V ELI合金板材的显微组织对疲劳裂纹扩展速率的影响。用金相显微镜对不同热处理制度下该合金α和β转变组织的变化进行了观察分析。采用MTS-810低周疲劳试验机测试合金的裂纹扩展速率。通过Origin 6.0软件对数据进行处理并绘制裂纹扩展速率（△a／△N）与应力强度因子幅△K的关系曲线。结果表明：在Pairs区范围内，疲劳裂纹扩展速率对双态组织中初生α相含量的多少不敏感，而在近门槛区和快速扩展区，裂纹扩展速率对组织比较敏感；在本实验研究的条件下，细针编织状魏氏组织的da／dN〈平直状片层组织的da／dN〈双态组织的da／dN。     

TC4-DT损伤容限型钛合金疲劳裂纹扩展特性的研究

研究了典型的损伤容限型钛合金Ti-6A1-4V ELI（TC4-DT）的断裂韧度KIC、疲劳裂纹扩展速率da／dN以及疲劳门槛值△Kth等损伤容限性能与微观组织的关系，讨论了不同应力比（尺值）条件下片状组织与双态组织的疲劳裂纹扩展特性，并与Ti-6A1-4V（TC4）钛合金进行了比较分析。研究结果为高损伤容限型钛合金的微观组织设计和探讨微观组织对损伤容限性能的影响机理奠定了基础。     

3.5%NaCl溶液对铝合金疲劳裂纹扩展特性的影响

对高强铝合金7050—T7451在模拟海水(3.5%NaCl溶液)的疲劳裂纹扩展特性进行了试验研究结果表明,3.5%NaCl溶液加速了7050—T7451铝合金的疲劳裂纹扩展速率da/dN.考虑应力比影响的有效应力强度因子面ΔKefT可以满意地表征不同环境中的的da/dN.裂纹面上的腐蚀产物较薄,对疲劳裂纹闭合的影响可以忽略不计.     

Q345钢断裂韧性和裂纹扩展速率研究

分别对Q345钢J积分值和裂纹扩展速率进行了测定.测定了其JR曲线lnJ=5.75 0.67ln△a,J1c=184.5 kJ/m2;疲劳裂纹扩展速率方程为da/dN=3.25×10-12(△k)4.分析了显微组织对断裂韧性和裂纹扩展速率的影响,并用扫描电镜对断口进行了观察.     

高碳Cr—Mo—W钢M／B复相组织疲劳行为研究

用紧凑拉伸试样测定了65Cr5Mo3W2VSiTi(LM2)钢不同贝氏体量和不同回火温度的M/B复相组织的疲劳裂纹扩展速率,根据试验数据估算了各工艺的疲劳门槛值。结果表明,LM2钢M/B复相组织的疲劳裂纹扩展属非连续扩展机制,疲劳裂纹微观扩展速率的计算值和宏观扩展速率的实测值相近     

SHORT FATIGUE CRACK PARAMETER BASED ON THE TOTAL CRACK AREA

1. Introduction The initiation and propagation behavior of short cracks occupies a significant fraction of the fatigue life of unflawed material[13]. For this reason an understanding of the basic characteristics of short cracks in a smooth specimen is very important. There have been some studies concerned with the multiplication of cracks during fatigue in carbon steels[3~1 and a stainless steel1~J. In particular Goto reported that there is a continuous formation of microcracks during the en…     

Cu双晶的循环形变行为与疲劳裂纹萌生：Ⅱ.疲劳裂纹萌生与早期扩展

用扫描电镜观察了受应变疲劳载荷作用的Ｃｕ双晶物的表面形貌，发现晶界是疲劳形变双晶是有利的裂纺萌生地点，在滑移带撞击晶界的地方，特别是在几条粗滑移带共同撞击晶界的地方观察到许多疲劳微裂纹；并且发现与平行晶界双晶相比，垂直晶界双晶有有利于疲劳裂纹沿晶界作早期扩展。     

BEHAVIOR OF SHORT FATIGUE CRACKS AT BLUNT NOTCHESIN A MEDIUM CARBON STEEL

1.IntroductionTheinitiati0nandpropagation0ffatiguec=acksatn0tchesareofgreatpracticalim-portancesincethemaj0rity0ffatiguefailuresinengineeringc0mponentsandstructuresoccurduetol0calstressconcentrationsatnotches.Thefatiguelifeisusuallyseparatedintotwoparts:0neportion0flifespentincrackinitiationandtheotherp0rti0nspentinpropagati0n.However,t0talfatiguelifecannotbeevaluatedbecausetherearepresentlyn0proceduresf0revaluatingthecrackinitiati0nlength.Crackinitiati0nisusuallydefinedasthepr0cessesofl0calpl…     

CYCLIC DEFORMATION OF COARSE GRAINED POLYCRYSTALLINE PURE Al——Ⅱ.FRACTURE SURFACE MORPHOLOGY

SEM photos for very coarse grained and high ductile polycrystalline pure Al show followingcharacteristics:A few fracture sources are concentrated,the crack propagates in fan-shapenear them,and the fatigue striations are cyclic cleavage facets.Each striation consists of awide cleavage facet and a narrow cleavage stage.Those stages often blunt due to plasticdeformation.The fatigue striations are clear and continual,and distribute over whole zone ofstage Ⅱ crack propagation.Two kinds of fatigue striations form in different levels,areconjoined by a“twisted baked piece of pastry”band.The secondary crack along the fatiguestriations was observed frequently.Some of them have already developed into secondarymacrocracks and secondary fatigue striations were found clearly on secondary fracture sur-face.The fracture surface can be divided into two parts,initiation and propagation zone of thecrack,however,no statical-fracture zone was observed.The mechanism to form striationswas preliminarily discussed.     

THE CHARACTERISTICS OF SHORT CRACKS AND EQUIVALENT PARAMETER OF FATIGUE DAMAGE

1. IntroductionThe initiation and propagation behavior of short cracks occupy a sigllificant fractionof the fatigue life of unflawed ..ie.ialll--3]. FOr this reason all understanding of the basiccharacteristics of short cracks in a smooth specimen is very importallt. There have beensome studies concerned with the multiplication of cracks dllring fatiglle ill carbon steels[3--4]and a stainless steeds]. In particular Goto reported that there is a colltilluous formationof microcracks during the …     

A356铸造铝合金的疲劳裂纹萌生及短裂纹扩展研究

研究了A356-T6铸造铝合金的缺口疲劳裂纹萌生与早期扩展行为及机制.结果表明,热等静压试样的疲劳抗力优于非热等静压试样.对于钝缺口试样,疲劳裂纹萌生于缺口根部附近的多个平面,最终哪个裂纹源扩展成主裂纹取决于局部微观组织.对于缺口几何形状不同的热等静压和非热等静压疲劳试样,在疲劳过程中,不管是在高应力状态下,还是在低应力状态下,都出现了铝基体的循环塑性变形和共晶硅粒子断裂导致疲劳裂纹萌生.对于非热等静压试样,铸造缩孔在构件的疲劳过程中起着重要作用,但即使缺口根部存在较大尺度的铸造缩孔,导致了疲劳裂纹萌生,但也同时观察到疲劳裂纹从共晶硅粒子、金属间化合物、铝基体的滑移带和铁基金属间化合物等处萌生.对于脆性的A356铸造铝合金可采用修正的断裂力学参量ΔKn、局部应力范围Δσ或局部应变幅Δε/2作为控制参量来表征疲劳裂纹萌生行为,而缺口有效应力强度因子范围ΔKneff和ΔJs参量可用来表征缺口场中短裂纹扩展行为.     

疲劳寿命预测方法综述

综述了疲劳裂纹形成寿命和疲劳裂纹扩展寿命的预测方法,评述了各种不同预测方法的基本假设、估算步骤和特点,并对疲劳寿命预测方法进一步的发展方向作了展望。     

Fatigue crack retardation by silicon carbide powder paste infiltration under different cyclic stress conditions*

Fatigue crack retardation with infiltrated SiC paste into a crack is examined in low carbon structural steel. Two different sizes of SiC powders, whose average diameters are 15 and 53 μm, are used. The SiC powder mixed with oil is infiltrated into a through thickness fatigue crack from the crack mouth. Fatigue crack growth retardation is examined by the ΔK increasing test of R = 0.1, comparing with the base plate property, where ΔK is stress intensity factor range and R is stress ratio. Crack growth is retarded just after infiltrating SiC paste into the crack mouth, and the deceleration of crack growth rate to 1/50 of the base plate appears in the maximum. It is revealed that this crack retardation behaviour results from the crack closure induced by the wedge effect of the SiC particle into a crack. The crack retardation effect is investigated with several combinations of SiC particle size and cyclic stress conditions. The crack growth rate, da/dn and stress intensity factor, K_cl for the crack closure depend on both the maximum stress intensity factor, K_max, and the stress ratio, R. While the better retardation effect can appear in the higher K_max and the higher R ratio, it disappears in the R ratio over 0.7. The SiC paste with 15 μm powder brings the crack retardation effect in the wider cyclic stress condition more stable than in the SiC paste with 53 μm powder.     

海洋柔性立管用钢的疲劳断裂行为

采用GPS100高频疲劳试验机研究了海洋柔性立管用钢在温轧工艺下的疲劳断裂行为。结果表明,海洋柔性立管用钢疲劳寿命随加载应力幅的升高而不断下降;疲劳裂纹产生于试样表面,裂纹源区可见变形带及河流花样,裂纹扩展区存在大量二次裂纹,瞬断区疲劳裂纹呈韧性断裂特征。在疲劳裂纹扩展过程中,裂纹的扩展能力因大角度晶界的铁素体和高强度贝氏体的相互作用而受到限制,同时在晶界处形成的二次裂纹同样可减缓扩展速率,达到提高疲劳寿命的效果。     

CYCLIC DEFORMATION OF COARSE GRAINED POLYCRYSTALLINE PURE Al Ⅱ. FRACTURE SURFACE MORPHOLOGY

对粗晶纯Al多晶体的疲劳断口进行了扫描电镜分析,在应变控制循环形变下,晶粒粗大而延性很好的金属的疲劳断口具有某些特征:断裂源少而集中,断裂源附近裂纹呈扇形扩展,疲劳条纹为循环解理刻面,每一条纹由较宽的解理刻面和窄的解理台阶两部分组成,台阶往往由于塑性形变而钝化;在裂纹扩展第Ⅱ阶段的疲劳条纹清晰、连续,布满裂纹扩展第Ⅱ阶段的整个区域,不同水平面形成的条纹间以“麻花形”的条带连接;多处观察到沿条纹形成的二次微裂纹,有些已发展成二次宏观裂纹,并有二次疲劳条纹;在断口上可观察到解理小舌台;断口上无最后拉断的静断区,对疲劳条纹的形成机制进行了初步的探讨。