不敏感含能化合物5,7-二氨基-4,6-二硝基苯并连三唑-1-氧化物的合成、表征与性能（英文）

以苦基氯和水合肼为原料,经过环化反应和异常亲核取代氢(VNS)反应合成了不敏感含能化合物5,7-二氨基-4,6-二硝基苯并三连唑-1-氧化物(2),总收率为31%。通过~1H NMR,~(13)C NMR,FT-IR和元素分析表征了题称化合物及其中间体的结构。优化了VNS反应条件。推测了4,6-二硝基苯并三连唑-1-氧化物(1)环化反应机理。利用量子化学的方法对题称化合物进行了静电势(ESP)和电子轨道的计算。对中间体4,6-二硝基苯并三连唑-1-氧化物和题称化合物进行了物化爆轰及热性能研究。结果表明,确定的适宜的VNS反应条件为:盐酸羟胺为VNS试剂,室温下反应5h。题称化合物具有不敏感特性及良好的热稳定性。化合物1中引入两个氨基后形成的化合物2的密度和热稳定性均有所提高,两种化合物的热分解温度分别为201.3,248.5℃,密度分别为1.73,1.76 g·cm~(-3),爆速分别为7371.13,7396.7 m·s~(-1)。     

4,6-二硝基苯并连三唑-3-偕二硝甲基-1-氧化物合成与性能（英）

以4,6-二硝基苯并连三唑-1-氧化物(DNBTO)为原料,通过复分解、取代、硝化-水解反应设计并合成了未见文献报道的新化合物4,6-二硝基苯并连三唑-3-偕二硝甲基-1-氧化物(TNBTO);采用红外光谱、1H NMR、13C NMR及元素分析等表征了中间体及最终产物的结构;理论计算了TN BTO的密度和生成焓,利用Kamlet-Jacobs方程计算了TN BTO的爆轰性能,其密度为1.81 g·cm-3,爆速为8161.2 m·s-1,爆压为30.2 GPa;利用薄层色谱法跟踪验证了TN BTO的热稳定性,发现TN BTO常温下易分解.     

4,6-二硝基苯并连三唑-3-偕二硝甲基-1-氧化物合成与性能（英文）

以4,6-二硝基苯并连三唑-1-氧化物(DNBTO)为原料,通过复分解、取代、硝化-水解反应设计并合成了未见文献报道的新化合物4,6-二硝基苯并连三唑-3-偕二硝甲基-1-氧化物(TNBTO);采用红外光谱、~1H NMR、~(13)C NMR及元素分析等表征了中间体及最终产物的结构;理论计算了TNBTO的密度和生成焓,利用Kamlet-Jacobs方程计算了TNBTO的爆轰性能,其密度为1.81 g·cm~(-3),爆速为8161.2 m·s~(-1),爆压为30.2 GPa;利用薄层色谱法跟踪验证了TNBTO的热稳定性,发现TNBTO常温下易分解。     

1-氨基-1,2,3-三唑的替代亲核取代反应研究

采用1-氨基-1,2,3-三唑为氨基化试剂,通过三硝基苯(TNB)的替代亲核取代(VNS)反应制备钝感炸药三氨基三硝基苯(TATB),产率90.6%,HPLC纯度大于99%。讨论了关键反应条件对TATB收率的影响。在优化反应条件下,考察了苯环上不同硝基取代度对该VNS反应收率的影响,以TNT、硝基苯、间二硝基苯为底物进行VNS反应,分别合成了二氨基三硝基甲苯(DATNT,产率40.5%)、1,3-二氨基-2,4-二硝基苯(DADNB,产率54.5%)、对硝基苯胺(产率38.4%)。提出了1-氨基-1,2,3-三唑作为氨基化试剂进行VNS氨基化反应的反应机理。     

5-氨基-7-苦胺基-4，6-二硝基苯并氧化呋咱的合成

本文介绍了从5,7-二氮基-4,6-二硝基苯并氧化呋咱合成5-氨基-5-苦胺基-4，6-二硝基苯并氧化呋咱。该化合物的结构为元素分析、红外、质谱和核磁共振谱所确定。此外对题称化合物的部分性质包括密度（1．93g/cm³）和分解点（240℃）也做了报道。     

4-氨基-1,2,3-三氮唑[4,5-e]呋咱并[3,4-b]吡嗪-6-氧化物的合成及性能

以自制的5,6-二氯呋咱并[3,4-b]吡嗪(DCFP)为原料,经取代、硝化-环化、中和、N-氨化等反应设计合成了新型N-氨基化合物——4-氨基-1,2,3-三氮唑[4,5-e]呋咱并[3,4-b]吡嗪-6-氧化物(ATFPO),采用红外光谱、核磁共振(~1H NMR、~(13)C NMR)及元素分析等手段确定了中间体及目标物的结构;获得了关键中间体——1,2,3-三氮唑[4,5-e]呋咱并[3,4-b]吡嗪-6-氧化物四乙基铵盐(TTFPO)的单晶并进行了结构解析,TTFPO晶体为单斜晶系,空间群为P2(1)/c,晶胞参数为:a=9.237(2) A,b=22.1 62(5)A,c=7.3506(1 7) A,α=90°,β=98.378(4)°,γ=90°,V=1 488.6(6) A~3,Z=4,μ=0.1 00 mm~(-1),F(000)=656;采用差示扫描量热(DSC)方法研究了ATFPO的热性能,结果表明,其熔点为208.77℃,3个热分解峰温度分别为247.1 3、293.68℃和378.29℃;采用Gaussian 09程序中CBS-4M方法和Kamlet-Jacobs爆轰方程预估了目标物的爆轰性能,其生成热为705.4 kK·mol~(-1),爆速为8743 m·s~(-1),爆压为34.6 GPa,爆热为5970 kJ·kg~(-1);采用BAM落锤法测试了ATFPO机械感度,其撞击感度为35 J。研究结果表明,ATFPO是一种热稳定性好、钝感、爆轰性能优良的高能量密度化合物。     

2，6-二氨基-3，5-二硝基吡啶及其氮氧化物的氧化胺化反应

以氨水为胺化剂,KMnO4为氧化剂,在不同反应条件下实现2,6-二氨基-3,5-二硝基吡啶(ANPy)和2,6-二氨基-3,5-二硝基吡啶-1-氧化物(ANPyO)4位的氧化胺化反应,目标化合物2,4,6-三氨基-3,5-二硝基吡啶(TANPy)和2,4,6-三氨基-3,5-二硝基吡啶-1-氧化物(TANPyO)的收率分别达到81.5%和85.4%.探讨了溶剂类型、氨水浓度等反应条件对目标化合物产率影响,并讨论了2,6-二氨基-3,5-二硝基吡啶(2,6-二氨基-3,5-二硝基吡啶-1-氧化物)氧化胺化反应结果与3-硝基吡啶不同的原因.采用1H NMR, IR和MS对目标化合物的结构进行了表征.     

3,5-二氨基氧化哒嗪含能衍生物合成及性能

以3,5-二氯哒嗪为原料,经过取代、氧化、硝化、氨解四步反应分别合成3,5-二氨基-4,6-二硝基氧化哒嗪(DADNPO)和未见文献报道的3,5-二氨基-4-硝基氧化哒嗪(DANPO),并采用红外光谱、1H NMR、13C NMR及元素分析对中间体及产物结构进行了表征;探究了硝化反应条件对硝化产物及收率的影响,确定制备3,5-二甲氧基-4,6-二硝基氧化哒嗪较佳条件为:硝硫混酸作为硝化试剂,反应温度50~55℃,反应时间为15 h。利用Gaussian 09程序和Kamlet-Jacobs方程计算DADNPO和DANPO的爆速分别为8.486 km·s^-1和7.224 km·s^-1,爆压分别为30.2 GPa和23.09 GPa。采用差示扫描量热(DSC)研究了这两种化合物的热性能,结果表明,DADNPO、DANPO放热分解峰温分别为244.4°C和325.2°C,DANPO的热稳定性更好。     

5,5′-(2-三氟甲基)-咪唑-4,5-二(1H-四唑)及其含能离子盐的合成与表征

以二氨基马来腈为原料,经过与三氟乙酸酐缩合、环化,与叠氮化纳再次缩合,合成得到了新型含能化合物5,5'-(2-三氟甲基)-咪唑-4,5-二(1H-四唑),收率61.3%;基于该化合物的酸性,设计合成了2种含能离子盐5,5'-(2-三氟甲基)-咪唑-4,5-二(1H-四唑)的羟胺盐和胍盐。利用红外光谱、核磁共振和元素分析对中间体及产物结构进行了表征。探讨了生成5,5'-(2-三氟甲基)-咪唑-4,5-二(1H-四唑)过程中影响四唑环化反应的关键因素,确定的最佳反应条件为:反应介质为水,n(2-三氟甲基-4,5-二氰基咪唑)∶n(Na N3)=1∶2.4,反应温度98℃,反应时间4 h。收率最高达86.3%。通过DSC-TG研究了5,5'-(2-三氟甲基)-咪唑-4,5-二(1H-四唑)的热分解性能,热分解曲线表明化合物直到223.65℃才开始分解,整个分解过程经历了两个主要的放热分解阶段和热失重阶段,最大放热峰温度为285.78℃,说明该化合物结构比较稳定。     

1-二叠氮甲基亚氨基-5-叠氮四唑的合成与理论研究

以三氨基胍盐酸盐为原料,经重氮化取代反应和环化反应合成了1-二叠氮甲基亚氨基-5-叠氮四唑(DACAT)。用IR、13C NMR和14N NMR鉴定了它的结构。考察了三氨基胍盐酸盐/亚硝酸钠摩尔比、反应温度、反应时间、体系的pH对反应收率的影响。用密度泛函理论,在B3LYP/6-31G(d,p)基组水平下优化了DACAT的几何结构。用Monte-Carlo法、完全基组法(CBS-4M)和Kamlet-Jacobs公式分别计算了DACAT的理论密度()、气相生成焓(ΔθfHθg,m)、固相生成焓(ΔfH s,m)、爆速(D)和爆压(p)。结果表明,最佳反ρ应条件为:n(三氨基胍盐酸盐)∶n(亚硝酸钠)=1∶2,重氮化取代反应温度为0℃,环化反应温度为20℃,pH值为8.0,重氮化反应和环化反应时间各为30min。两步反应的总收率为12.6%。所得DACAT的、ΔfHθg,m、ΔfHθs,m、D和p值分别为1.7628g·cm-3、ρ1590.42kJ·mol-1、1435.44kJ·mol-1、8725m·s-1和34.52GPa。     

Expert Systems Aimed at General Design of Projectiles

Expert systems aimed at the general design of projectiles can implement a series of intelligent designs, such as the design of HE shell, the scheme expounded and proved, the emulation analysis and calculation, etc. Aiming at the product design feature, the expert system adopts the object-oriented knowledge representation and all kinds of inference control engines to describe and reason the relevant knowledge regarding the product through the microcomputer. It embodies the foundation of emulation analysis and simulated manufacturing of the shell. It makes use of the method that knowledge expression is combined with condition of inference to carry out the overall design and emulation and reference.The paper gives the ways through which the functions can be achieved, gives the modularization of reference and the design methods of systematization, puts forward the method of knowledge expression and working interface, and supplies a platform for similar products of the shell category that can be quickly designed.     

Three-dimensional Numerical Simulation of Combustion Field in the Combustion Chamber

In order to study the effect of rotation on the combustion in the underwater vehicle, a two-phase turbulent combustion process is described with Reynolds stress turbulence model, eddy-dissipation turbulent combustion model, P-1 radiation model and particle tracking model of liquid. The flow in the rotating combustion chamber is simulated at two different working speeds, 0 r/min and 1 000 r/min by Fluent software. The temperature, gas velocity, static pressure of wall and fuel concentration are computed and compared. The results show that the combustion in rotating combustor is faster and more effective.     

Software Communication Architecture Implementation and Its Waveform Application

This paper attempts to do a research on the development of software defined radio（SDR） based on software communication architecture（SCA）. Firstly, SCA is studied and a whole reference model of SCA3.0 core framework （CF） is realized; Secondly, an application-specific FM3TR waveform is implemented on the platform of common software based on the reference model; Thirdly, from the point of view of real-time performance and software reuse, tests and validations are made on the above realized CF reference model and FM3TR waveform. As a result, the SCA-compliant SDR has favorable interoperability and software portability and can satisfy the real-time performance requirements which are not too rigorous.     

Parameter Identification for the Valve Control Cylinder System of a Hydraulic Manipulator

In mechanical, hydraulic and electronic systems, the determination of system parameters is often challenging because liquid parameters often change significantly, due to variations in working and environmental conditions. Therefore, it is of significant practical importance to identify those parameters through experimental procedures. A systematic approach to identifying parameters in the valve controlling cylinder system of hydraulic manipulators is provided. It first derives the transfer function of the system, and then uses P control of PID control to predict system parameters. The predicted parameters are further validated using PID control. The prediction through simulation using MatLab language is utilized, which agrees well with experimental results.     

Dynamic Simulation of the Tank Gun Recoil Response

By using the ATV module of MSC. ADAMS, the dynamic simulation of recoil response of tank gun is analyzed.How the recoil force affects the bodywork and the suspension during gun firing, as well as the changing status of the gun muzzle‘s velocity are gained. All results and analyzing methods are offered for the designing basis of optimizing tank vehicle-gun match. The constructive exploration is beneficial to improving the general capability of tank.     

Survey of Controllable Suspension System for Off-road Vehicles

The controllable suspension system can improve the performances of off-road vehicles both on road and cross-country. So far, four controllable suspensions, that is, body height control, active, semi-active and slow-active suspensions, have been developed. For off-road vehicles, the slow-active suspension and the semi-active suspension which have controllable stiffness, damping and body height are more appropriate to use. For many years, some control methodologies for controllable suspension systems have been developed along with the development of modern control theory, and two or more original control methods are integrated as a new control method. Today, for military or civilian off-road vehicles, the R&D of controllable suspension systems is ongoing.     

An Efficient Key Agreement Framework to MANET

Protocols for key management are compared and evaluated from the point of view on mobile ad hoe networks （MANET）. The issues of fault-tolerance and efficiency of key distribution protocols for group communications in MANET are addressed. Most key distribution protocols existing today are primarily designed for wlre-line networks. These protocols either fail to work as intended or cannot work at all when they are applied to the demanding environment of MANET. Parameters and performance of different protocols are analyzed, and then a fiat is given out, on which new protocols or existing ones are designed and modified, so that they can be robust, scalable and efficient in MANET.     

Finite Element Analysis of Fretting Behavior Between an Engine Cylinder Block and a Main Bearing Cap

The finite element analysis of the fretting behavior between a cylinder block and a main bearing cap is presented. The stresses, relative fretting slip, fretting friction work parameter W and crack initiation location parameter G on the fretting contact surface of the cylinder block are obtained and analyzed. It shows that the fretting fatigue problem of the cylinder block can be quantitatively explained by W or G. The effects of pretightening force, friction factor and material combination of the cylinder block and the main bearing cap are studied. The computational results indicate that the fretting fatigue of the cylinder block can be allayed by increasing the elastic modulus of the cylinder block, but not by changing the other two factors.     

A Physical Model of Electromagnetic Force from PEMA Acted on Metal Projectiles

Electromagnetic armor is a new conceptual combat vehicle technology, which improves remarkably the defensive capability and maneuverability of vehicles. The authors present definitely to apply the electromagnetic theory to analyze the electromagnetic armor. Based on electromagnetics, the experienced expression of projectile and the physical model of PEMA （passive electromagnetic armor） are obtained when electric current flows through the system, and a computer sim- ulation is given.     

The Kinematics Analysis of the Hydraulic Mine-clearing Mechanical Manipulator

Through analyzing the kinematics of the hydraulic manipulator operating system, according to the rules for set-ing up the D-H coordinate system, the generalized coordinate of the manipulator system is established. The rotating and moving joints are selected from the mechanism as joint variables. Each generalized transformation matrix of joints is worked out. The kinematics equation at the finger end of the manipulator is calculated. The obverse solution for the manipulator is gained. The geometrical operating parameters and primary technical specification of the manipulator system are simulated through the computer. The simulative result has shown that the manipulator operating system meets the working task requirements. This research provides theoretical basis for optimizing structural parameters of the manipulator operating. So it also is justified the feasibility for mechanical manipulators to be used in the engineering equipment platform of the hydraulic excavator.