后工业景观公园的典范——德国鲁尔区北杜伊斯堡景观公园考察研究

该文讨论了后工业景观公园的概念及其在德国鲁尔区的发展背景概况,结合对北杜伊斯堡景观公园现场调研,重点分析了公园设计者在工业遗产保护与利用、景观整体布局、生态对策、尊重自然演化进程等方面的设计思想及具体措施.     

文化景观概念应用于工业遗产保存的思考——以英国康瓦耳及西得文矿业地景为例

工业遗产保存在近年世界遗产登录名单逐年增加的环境下，得到越来越多的关注。而近年来工业遗产提名登录有持续增加、序列地景及范围扩大的三大趋势，为了能说明清楚工业遗产的生产及社会价值常以序列方式分区或主题共同提报，因此以“文化景观”的概念应用于工业遗产保存的不只是提名登录的策略，更是实质推动遗产保护与管理的重要依据。 文章研究的对象为英国世界遗产康瓦耳及西得文矿业地景，目的在说明以“文化景观”的概念应用于工业遗产保存的思考及实践。主要方法为文献分析、实地田野访查及焦点人物访谈。经由案例研究结果展现文化景观的整体脉络性结构及地方文化的内涵，是协助工业遗产保存界定标准及保存现况与问题的重要指标。     

文化景观视角下的历史性城市景观

历史性城市景观是遗产保护领域近十几年来提出的新概念,关于其学术意义的讨论也层出不穷。从文化景观所蕴含的时空过程的学术视角着眼,分别梳理了文化景观的学术脉络与遗产领域中的文化景观和历史性城市景观的实践发展历程,指出历史性城市景观并没有超出文化景观的学术范畴,而遗产领域当前面临的很多问题都与对文化景观学术内涵的认知缺陷有关。只有充分借鉴和吸收文化景观的学术成果,才能真正有效地应对世界遗产实践过程中复杂变化的人地关系等挑战。     

Beyond the romantic and naı¨ve: the search for a complex ecological aesthetic design language for landscape architecture in New Zealand

Landscape design is an expression and repository of cultural values and beliefs, and in Aotearoa, New Zealand, the designed landscape faces particular challenges. Globalization is seen as a potential threat to landscape identity, which is even more significant for a country which has built its economy and self-image from its unique natural landscape. The potential for resistance is limited by the small size and youth of the profession of landscape architecture in New Zealand. While traditions of farming and gardening extend back to early European settlement in the mid nineteenth century, and beyond to indigenous Maori practices of land modification, professional landscape design is a relatively recent development (the first tertiary course in landscape architecture began at Lincoln College (now Lincoln University) in 1969). Landscape design in New Zealand draws its vocabulary from the power of the country's natural heritage landscapes, convinced that a naturalistic aesthetic exclusively represents environmental health. Some of the core values of New Zealand society are, however, overlooked by designers. The need to develop a critically informed design language which includes the farming landscape along with the natural one is argued. The invention of such a language, referred to as a complex ecological aesthetic, is seen as a potential source of design expression that is invigorated by the tension between mechanistic and natural landscape aesthetics. It therefore has the potential to promote environmental health, while being regionally grounded, and can help face the challenges that globilization poses to the landscape.     

国土全域历史保护视角下南宁市域历史景观 基线图的构建及启示

空间规划改革进程中号召全域历史文化保护,象征从 “文物遗产视角”转向“全域历史景观视角”,“景观方法” 已逐渐进入历史保护领域并发挥有效作用。基于“景观基线” 的研究方法,借鉴英国历史景观特征评估工具的经验,以广西 南宁为例开展“市域尺度”的历史景观基线构建工作。针对南 宁约2.2万km2的行政范围,基于ArcGIS平台构建历史景观信 息数据库,从自然历史、乡村历史、城镇历史3个维度建立南宁 市域的历史景观评估基线图并进行层积解译。该实践为中国全 域历史保护的工作要求提供了构建历史基础信息数据库、完善 全域历史景观体系框架、建立保护与开发的决策参考机制、增 强历史景观的动态管理等方面的启示。     

手绘风景美画，心系世遗宏图——谢凝高先生钢笔风景画述评

北京大学城市与环境学院教授谢凝高先生,是致力于风景遗产研究的世界遗产专家,曾任中国风景园林学会副理事长,2011年荣获中国风景园林学会“终身成就奖”,被业界同行誉为“当代徐霞客”与“风景大师”。谢先生的钢笔风景画绘作,在其家乡故土的润泽下,经历了少年启蒙、业余爱好、专业特色几个阶段,最后升华为谢先生风景遗产研究的学术形象。谢先生公开发表的钢笔风景画作共263幅,主要附录在其16种著述中,涉及23个省(市、区)的69个风景名胜区。其中重要画幅61幅,包括题签画幅(31幅)与多载画幅(30幅)。谢先生的钢笔风景画充分展现出其在风景遗产研究领域的重要学术意义。本文为悼念谢凝高先生而特撰(1)。     

英国景观特征评估体系与我国风景名胜区评价体系的比较研究

在回顾英国景观特征评估体系产生和演化背景的基础上,分析了景观特征等概念,研究了景观特征评估体系在英国法定自然美景区中的应用,并将其特点归纳为价值中立和尺度分级、多样化的景观特征提取、单独分离的决策过程3个方面;同时将LCA景观特征评估体系与我国风景名胜区中广泛应用的风景资源评价体系进行了比较,结合我国风景名胜区发展的现状,提出我国可以在景观遗产价值的评估、景观遗产可持续发展概念的再认识、公众参与制度的进一步完善3个方面借鉴景观特征评估体系的经验。     

Between 'Platial' Imaginations and Spatial Rationalities: Navigating Justice and Law in the Low Countries

During the past two decades, landscape has frequently been conceptualized as a distancing way of seeing space. This conceptualization is normally traced back to the rise of capitalism and various modes of artistic representation, notably in the early modern Netherlands or the northern Low Countries. Yet recent scholarly interventions have asserted that landscape in the Low Countries and elsewhere in Europe was more than a distant scenery or an artistic mode of representation. Landscape also animated practices and ideologies of political representation, platial justice and custom. The platial notion of landscape and related concepts in the northern Low Countries around 1600 is focused upon, bringing out the intimate relationships between land, water and diverging ideals and practices of justice. It is argued that artistic landscape representation provided ways to reflect upon spatio-political developments in the Netherlands. Finally, there is a brief consideration of how these theoretical and historical issues resonate with modern thinking about landscape in physical planning.     

新疆乌恰干旱荒漠区生态水文景观类型及分区

新疆乌恰-康苏地区典型干旱荒漠生态脆弱区,水-岩-土-植生态景观异质性及耦合作用,直接影响生态环境保护和资源开发。该文根据景观异质性理论,通过遥感、水文地质调查、生态样方测量等综合调查方法,研究生态区划、水文地质与植被分布特征,将研究区分为高中山荒漠基岩裂隙水、中山侵蚀山地裂隙孔隙层间水、山前洪-冲积扇盆地孔隙水、河流阶地孔隙水4个主要生态水文景观类型。高、中山区及河流阶地绿洲受大气降水及地面蒸发作用控制,冲洪积扇缘绿洲受地下水水化学类型及地下水水位变化控制。以期对乌恰-康苏地区生态环境保护、有色金属资源基地建设、绿洲生态稳定及生态功能区划提供科学合理的依据。     

Between ‘Platial’ Imaginations and Spatial Rationalities: Navigating Justice and Law in the Low Countries

During the past two decades, landscape has frequently been conceptualized as a distancing way of seeing space. This conceptualization is normally traced back to the rise of capitalism and various modes of artistic representation, notably in the early modern Netherlands or the northern Low Countries. Yet recent scholarly interventions have asserted that landscape in the Low Countries and elsewhere in Europe was more than a distant scenery or an artistic mode of representation. Landscape also animated practices and ideologies of political representation, platial justice and custom. The platial notion of landscape and related concepts in the northern Low Countries around 1600 is focused upon, bringing out the intimate relationships between land, water and diverging ideals and practices of justice. It is argued that artistic landscape representation provided ways to reflect upon spatio-political developments in the Netherlands. Finally, there is a brief consideration of how these theoretical and historical issues resonate with modern thinking about landscape in physical planning.     

Lens,mirror, window: interactions between Historic Landscape Characterisation and Landscape Character Assessment

Abstract

Contemporary wisdom holds that landscape research requires cross-disciplinary collaborations, and consideration of character has been seen as one way to achieve this, yet character-based methods of landscape assessment incline towards unidisciplinarity. This is the case in the UK, with two parallel methods in use since the early 1990s. Both have become influential across Europe in the drafting and implementation of the European Landscape Convention. This paper, a contribution to a special issue of Landscape Research, focuses on one of the methods, Historic Landscape Characterisation (carried out mainly by archaeologists and heritage managers), and compares it with Landscape Character Assessment (used by the landscape architects and geographers) to examine the concepts of both landscape character and interdisciplinarity. It concludes that although a single integrated method for landscape assessment could be desirable, there remain benefits in having separate methods, and the process of combining parallel landscape assessments can bring research benefits.     

Beyond the romantic and naı¨ve: the search for a complex ecological aesthetic design language for landscape architecture in New Zealand

Landscape design is an expression and repository of cultural values and beliefs, and in Aotearoa, New Zealand, the designed landscape faces particular challenges. Globalization is seen as a potential threat to landscape identity, which is even more significant for a country which has built its economy and self-image from its unique natural landscape. The potential for resistance is limited by the small size and youth of the profession of landscape architecture in New Zealand. While traditions of farming and gardening extend back to early European settlement in the mid nineteenth century, and beyond to indigenous Maori practices of land modification, professional landscape design is a relatively recent development (the first tertiary course in landscape architecture began at Lincoln College (now Lincoln University) in 1969). Landscape design in New Zealand draws its vocabulary from the power of the country's natural heritage landscapes, convinced that a naturalistic aesthetic exclusively represents environmental health. Some of the core values of New Zealand society are, however, overlooked by designers. The need to develop a critically informed design language which includes the farming landscape along with the natural one is argued. The invention of such a language, referred to as a complex ecological aesthetic, is seen as a potential source of design expression that is invigorated by the tension between mechanistic and natural landscape aesthetics. It therefore has the potential to promote environmental health, while being regionally grounded, and can help face the challenges that globilization poses to the landscape.     

城市工业遗产转型公园景观叙事策略研究

景观叙事学是当代景观设计学的独立学科,在城市工业遗产转型公园的众多实践中具有相关诠释和应用。本文对叙事与景观叙事之间的关联进行概述分析,结合典型案例,从主体与客体、主题与情节两方面,阐释景观叙事结构;从撰写语义—隐性信息呈现、构建空间—传播文化记忆、演进时空—强化场所精神三个层面,提出城市工业遗产转型公园的景观叙事策略;对景观叙事理论在工业遗产转型公园中的应用进行系统论证和研究,为工业遗产保护提供新的视角和途径。     

景观公正的研究进展与多维评价方法 探究

随着社会发展,城镇化进入转型时期,关于城市发展中社会公正的讨论越来越多,从景观视角来保障社会公正是风景园林师当下的责任。景观公正是指对于绿地资源的合理分配、使用、管理和运营,不论使用者的社会地位高低,让他们平等地享有景观权利与担负景观义务,其核心是景观层面上的平等正义。梳理了国内外景观公正的发展与研究进展,厘清景观公正的定义与内涵,总结景观公正的分配公正、过程公正和互动公正3个维度的应用场景与评价方法,对未来景观公正的建设内容提出了展望和建议。     

风土与风景——通态性逻辑下活态历史文化 不在场的在场演绎

风土并非单纯的自然环境风貌，而是人文的风土， 是在活态历史时间和地域空间嬗变中的风土。风景的探讨无法 回避对风土的思考，风景(或总体的风土)是“通态的”，而非 束缚于二元论中的主观或客观的。通过对世界风景观念最初的 起源——中国风景思想的追溯，以及边留久在《风景文化》一 书中对其出现的6个标准展开的思考，以期揭示抽象的历史文 脉在时空变迁中对现代风景的潜在动态效应，引导人们更好地 理解风土与风景的内涵，进而认知真我。当下地域文化在全球 化挑战下，面临着被同质甚至湮灭的危境。亟待保护传承的不 仅仅是现实的风景遗产，更是活态历史积淀下，族群集体人格 的文化伊甸园的呈现及延续。     

The practice of landscape 'Conventions' and the just landscape: The case of the European landscape convention

The role of conventional practice in generating the idea of a just landscape, it is argued, became manifest in the process by which the European Landscape Convention was generated, and in the way it is being implemented. The concept of convention thus not only provides a way of understanding the relationship between ideas of justice and the constitution of landscape, it also provides a key to navigating the complexities of interpreting the European Landscape Convention in practice. Rather than focusing on the meaning of fixed definitions of landscape and related concepts, this article thus focuses on the process by which meaning is generated through convention in general, and through the European Landscape Convention in particular.     

高效能水环境景观在住区的应用研究

园林景观不仅具有艺术欣赏的价值和功能,它对人们生产、生活及自然环境等更多方面的效能也得到不断挖掘和探讨。该文针对水环境景观的高效能设计以及在住区里的应用进行了研究,反思了我国水资源短缺与高效能水环境未能有效普及的问题,以住区为突破点,探讨高效能水环境景观如何与住区有效结合,对其规划设计的原则和方法进行了归纳总结。     

走向可持续的工业遗产景观保护—— 英国布莱纳文工业景观保护实践

对可持续发展理论、工业遗产保护可持续发展原则进行了分析。从景观概况,运营、范围、目标、策略、经济和评估可持续方面对英国布莱纳文工业景观保护实践的经验、教训进行了剖析。在此基础上,结合中国的国情、国策和现实问题,从工业遗产景观保护的理论、制度、层级、目标、模式和主体等方面对我国可持续的工业遗产景观保护路径进行了思考,提出了在我国建立面向可持续的,地区发展综合目标、整体系统规划管理、多元伙伴机制耦合的工业遗产景观保护新格局的建议。     

匈牙利圣特伊斯特万大学风景园林教学体系引介

匈牙利圣特伊斯特万大学景观与城市规划学院（以下简称学院）具有悠久的教学历史,为匈牙利和欧洲的园艺和开放空间设计、城市环境建设、区域发展规划和自然遗产保护等方向培养了大量专业人才,通过对学院发展历史、院系构成、课程体系、教学实践以及国际合作交流等方面的分析,总结出其务实、创新和注重实践等教学特点和优势。根据当前风景园林专业和行业所面临的多重挑战,对中国的高校风景园林专业教育的发展和改革提供参考。     

城市遗产保护的景观方法——HUL理念 中国化技术性策略探索

相较于对城市遗产日臻成熟的理解,中国现行城市遗产保护方法仍处于滞后状态。引入城市历史景观(HUL)理念,以历史文化传承为目标,在中国传统和现实语境下,提出将景观特质作为遗产活化利用的着力点,以景观特质为核心的HUL理念中国化技术性策略。提出在空间、时间、感知3个维度下采取递进式的方法进行HUL单元识别,再以融入衔接、动态监测2条路径实现HUL变化管理。为中国高质量人居城市特色营造提供新思路,为城市遗产保护提供技术性策略支持。