小剂量辐射对淋巴细胞DNA的影响及适应性反应

应用DNA解旋荧光测定(FADU)法,研究了小剂量辐射对淋巴细胞DNA的影响及其诱导的适应性反应。结果表明,FADU法测得的γ射线所致的淋巴细胞DNA断裂与剂量呈线性关系,最小检出剂量为0.3Gy;0.5～8.0cGyγ射线对静止期和丝裂原激活后的淋巴细胞双链DNA百分数无影响;小剂量辐射(2.0cGy)对15Gyγ射线照射所引起的DNA断裂的修复(37℃,15～60min)有促进作用,但对最终修复程度(37℃,120min)无明显提高。小剂量(0.5～4.0cGy)γ射线照射,均可诱导出淋巴细胞对15Gyγ射线所致损伤的抗性,以2.0,4.0cGy的γ射线为诱导适应性反应的最适剂量;大剂量(5～20Gy)的照射均可显现出小剂量(2.0cGy)诱导的适应性反应,以15Gy照射后适应性反应表现最强;3-AB可明显地抑制小剂量辐射诱导的适应性反应。     

小剂量辐射诱导淋巴细胞转化适应性反应研究

应用淋巴细胞丝裂原刺激后细胞~3H-TdR参入的方法,研究了小剂量丁射线照射(0～4cGy)诱导淋巴细胞转化功能的适应性反应;探讨了影响适应性反应表现的几个因素,即D_1剂量、D_2剂量及D_1和D_2照射的时间间隔。结果表明,体外培养24h的人外周血淋巴细胞在小剂量丁射线(0.5～4.0cGy)照射后,均产生了适应性反应,并以1.0cGy的γ射线照射所诱导的适应性反应最强。随剂量的增大,适应性反应减弱,说明了小剂量辐射诱导适应性反应存在着最适剂量范围。D_1(1.0cGy)照射后6,24,48,72h照射D_2(3Gy),结果表明24h的间隔适应性反应最强,这与照后细胞的增殖周期有关。1～7Gy的D_2照射,均可观察到适应性反应,而以3.0Gy照射后反应最强。D_2剂量过大,适应性反应不明显,剂量过小,适应性反应显现不充分,说明D_2剂量在适应性反应中亦有最适剂量范围。     

低剂量辐射诱导胸腺细胞凋亡及细胞周期进程适应性反应的剂量效应

本研究采用X射线全身照射昆明系雄性小鼠模型,通过流式细胞仪观察低剂量辐射诱导胸腺细胞凋亡及细胞周期进程适应性反应的诱导剂量(D1、剂量)及其后攻击剂量(D2剂量)的剂量范围.动物随机分为假照组、D2对照组和D1+D2实验组.结果表明,D1+D2组胸腺细胞凋亡小体百分数不同程度地低于D2组,并且减轻G1和G2+M期阻滞,导致S期DNA合成的细胞增加;当D1达200 mGy时,不再诱导胸腺细胞凋亡及细胞周期进程的适应性反应.本实验结果说明,D1在25～100 mGy(剂量率为12.5mGy/mim),D2在1.0～2.0 Gy(剂量率为0.287 Gy/min),接受D1和D2照射的时间间隔为6h,可在全身照射条件下诱导小鼠胸腺细胞凋亡和细胞周期进程的适应性反应.     

小剂量辐射对淋巴细胞DNA的影响及适应性反应

应用DNA解旋荧光测定(FADU)法,研究了小剂量辐射对淋巴细胞DNA的影响及其诱导的适应性反应。结果表明,FADU法测得的γ射线所致的淋巴细胞DNA断裂与剂量 呈线性关系,最小检出剂量为0.3Gy;0.5～8.0cGy γ射线对静止期和丝裂原激活后的淋巴细胞双链DNA百分数无影响;小剂量辐射(2.0 cGy)对15Gy γ射线照射所引起的DNA断裂的修复(37℃,15～60min)有促进作用,但对最终修复程度(37℃,120min)无明显提高。小剂量(0.5～4.0 cGy)γ射线照射,均可诱导出淋巴细胞对15 Gyγ射线所致损伤的抗性,以2.0,4.0 cGy的γ射线为诱导适应性反应的最适剂量;大剂量(5～20 Gy)的照射均可显现出小剂量(2.0 cGy)诱导的适应性反应,以15 Gy照射后适应性反应表现最强;3-AB可明显地抑制小剂量辐射诱导的适应性反应。     

低剂量辐射诱导儿童淋巴细胞DNA合成的适应性反应

观察低剂量辐射诱导儿童淋巴细胞大剂量辐射后 DNA 合成适应性反应。儿童淋巴细胞经过 0.5, 1.0,1.5,2.0,3.0,4.0 cGy 低剂量辐射后均可诱导适应性反应,以 1.5 cGy 最为明显,DRP 为53.4%。经 1.5 cGy 辐射后 6,24,48,72 h 均存在适应性反应,以 24 h 适应性反应表达最为明显,DRP 为 53.4%。1.5 cGy 辐射后1,3,5,7 Gy 辐射亦存在适应性反应,以 3 Gy 表达最为明显。儿童淋巴细胞在 0.5～4.0 cGy 辐射后均能诱导大剂量辐射后 DNA合成的适应性反应,以 1.5 cGy 辐射后 24 h 3 cGy 辐射的适应性反应最为明显。     

低剂量辐射诱导儿童淋巴细胞DNA合成的适应性反应

观察低剂量辐射诱导儿童淋巴细胞大剂量辐射后DNA合成适应性反应。儿童淋巴细胞经过0.5,1.0,1.5,2.0,3.0,4.0cGy低剂量辐射后均可诱导适应性反应,以1.5 cGy最为明显,DRP为53.4％。经1.5 cGy辐射后6,24,48,72 h均存在适应性反应,以24h适应性反应表达最为明显,DRP为53.4％。1.5cGy辐射后1,3,5,7 Gy辐射亦存在适应性反应,以3 Gy表达最为明显。儿童淋巴细胞在0.5～4.0 cGy辐射后均能诱导大剂量辐射后DNA合成的适应性反应,以1.5cGy辐射后24h 3cGy辐射的适应性反应最为明显。     

γ线照后PHA、ConA和PWM激活的人血淋巴细胞转化、DNA单链断裂及其修复比较

本文采用~3H-TdR参入法和羟基磷灰石层析法,比较了~(60)Coγ射线照射后PHA、ConA、PWM激活的人血淋巴细胞的转化、DNA单链断裂及其修复,结果表明:受照后淋巴细胞转化受抑,在0—8Gy剂量范围内,剂量效应呈双相线性关系,其中PWM激活的细胞对射线的敏感性最低。三种细胞受照后DNA发生单链断裂,在0—30Gy范围内,与剂量呈线性相关,三者之间无显著差异。受15Gy照射后,细胞在37℃条件下能重接DNA断链,但重接不完全,重接后如经较长时间保温仍会发生再断裂,PWM激活的细胞重接修复率最高。淋巴细胞转化对辐射的敏感性可能与DNA断链的重接修复能力有关。     

PHA、Con A和PWM激活的人血淋巴细胞的辐射敏感性比较

采用~3H-TdR掺入法和羟基磷灰石层析法,比较了~(60)Coγ射线照射后PHA、ConA、PWM激活的人血淋巴细胞的转化、DNA链断裂及其修复。结果表明,受照后这3种细胞转化受抑,在0～8Gy范围内,剂量效应呈双相线性关系,其中PWM细胞对射线敏感程度最低。3种细胞受照后DNA发生链断裂,在0～30Gy范围内,与剂量呈线性关系,三者之间无显著差异。受15Gy照射后,3种细胞在37℃条件下能修复DNA断链,10min内修复很快,30min修复到高峰,但修复不完全,修复后DNA分子发生再断裂。PWM细胞DNA修复率最高。淋巴细胞转化对辐射的敏感性可能与DNA断链的修复能力有关。     

PHA、Con A和PWM激活的人血淋巴细胞的辐射敏感性比较

采用~3H-TdR掺入法和羟基磷灰石层析法,比较了~(60)Coγ射线照射后PHA、ConA、PWM激活的人血淋巴细胞的转化、DNA链断裂及其修复。结果表明,受照后这3种细胞转化受抑,在0～8Gy范围内,剂量效应呈双相线性关系,其中PWM细胞对射线敏感程度最低。3种细胞受照后DNA发生链断裂,在0～30Gy范围内,与剂量呈线性关系,三者之间无显著差异。受15Gy照射后,3种细胞在37℃条件下能修复DNA断链,10min内修复很快,30min修复到高峰,但修复不完全,修复后DNA分子发生再断裂。PWM细胞DNA修复率最高。淋巴细胞转化对辐射的敏感性可能与DNA断链的修复能力有关。     

低剂量辐射诱导小鼠胸腺细胞周期进程的适应性反应

观察低剂量辐射诱导小鼠胸腺细胞周期进程适应性反应的剂量、剂量率和时间效应。用诱导剂量(D1:25、50、100、200mGy,剂量率:12.5mGy/min;;D1:75mGy,剂量率:6.25、12.5、25、50、100、200mGy/min)和攻击剂量(D2:1.0、1.5、2.0Gy,剂量率:287mGy/min)照射Kunming雄性小鼠,D1和D2间隔3、6、12、24、60h。用流式细胞仪检测胸腺细胞周期各时相细胞百分数。当D1为25、50、100mGy(剂量率:12.5mGy/min,D1和D2间隔6h),或D1为75mGy(剂量率:6.25、12.5、25mGy/min,D1和D2间隔3、6、12h),D2为1.0、1.5、2.0Gy,D2组与假照射组之比S期胸腺细胞百分数明显降低(p<0.05或p<0.01),而G0/G1和G2 M期细胞百分数明显增加(p<0.05或p<0.01);;但D1 D2组与D2组之比S期细胞百分数明显增加(p<0.05或p<0.01),而G0/G1和G2 M期细胞百分数不同程度降低。小鼠接受1.0—2.0Gy(287mGy/min)照射前3—12h受25—100mGy(6.25—25mGy/min)照射,可诱导胸腺细胞周期进程的适应性反应。     

Identification of radiation treatment of wheat （Triticum aestivum. L）and rice （Oryza sativa. L） samples using thermoluminescence of contaminating minerals

Food irradiation is gaining popularity worldwide and this technology is important to improve quality and reduce the post harvest losses of food. Because of the rapid commercialization of irradiated foods throughout the world, compliance of different regulations relating to use of technology in different countries and demand of consumers for clear labelling of irradiated foods, there is need for the development of analytical methods to detect radiation treatment of food. Among several methods studied so far, thermoluminescence （TL） is an important method that can be used to find out the irradiation history of food that contain even a very minute amount of dust particles. In this study, the irradiated and unirradiated wheat and rice samples were analyzed using the TL method. The samples were purchased from the local market of Peshawar and irradiated to radiation doses of 0.5 and 1.0 kGy using Co-60 gamma irradiator at the Nuclear Institute for Food and Agriculture （NIFA）, Peshawar. The mineral contaminants were isolated by jet water, ultrasonic treatment, and density gradient. TL glow curves of the isolated minerals from irradiated and unirradiated samples were recorded between the temperature ranges of 50-500℃ using a TL reader. Generally, the glow curves for irradiated samples showed much higher TL intensities （TL1） than the unirradiated samples. The results were normalized by rerradiation of mineral samples to gamma-ray dose of 1.0 kGy followed by determination of the second glow curves （TL2）. The ratio of the area of first glow curve to that of second glow curve （TL1/TL2） was calculated for selected temperature intervals and compared with the recommended values for unirradiated and irradiated samples. Finally, the shapes of the glow curves for irradiated and unirradiated samples were also analyzed. On the basis of these results （comparison of TL-intensities, TL1/TL2 ratios and shapes of the glow curves）, all the irradiated and unirradiated samples of wheat and rice were unequivocally identified.     

有效探测面积大于1000 cm2的正比计数器测量系统性能测试

为对自制的活性面积高达1 000 cm²的大面积源进行表面发射率定值,同时作为现有2πα、2πβ表面发射率标准装置能力的扩充,研制了一套内置式大面积2π多丝正比计数器测量系统,并利用活性区直径为8 mm的²⁴¹Am点源及活性区面积为10 cm×15 cm的大面积²⁴¹Am和⁹⁰Sr-⁹⁰Y源对其进行计量学性能测试。结果表明：计数器内计数响应均匀性优于±0.4%,有效探测面积达1 400 cm²;所得²⁴¹Am源高压坪曲线的坪长为1 400 V,坪斜为0.27%/100 V,坪区内计数变化为0.87%;⁹⁰Sr-⁹⁰Y源高压坪曲线的坪长为300 V,坪斜为0.75%/100 V,坪区内计数变化为0.80%;10次测量重复性好于0.4%,8 h内短期稳定性好于0.3%,1 a内长期稳定性好于0.8%。     

Preparation of Zn/TiO2 powder and its photocatalytic performance for oxidation of P-nitrophenol

Zn-doped TiO2 catalysts were prepared using a sol-gel method and characterized by XPS,UV-Vis, BET, XRD in this study. Under the irradiation of simulant sunlight, the photocatalytic activity for the degradation of p-nitrophenol was studied too. After irradiation for 2.5 h, the degradation percentage of p-nitrophenol could rise to more than 80 %. The results showed that the spectrum absorption band edge of Zn/TiO2 powder does not broaden obviously comparing with pure TiO2 powder. Zinc exists as Zn （11）. When calcined at 973 K, there is a new phase as ZnTiO3 in Zn/TiO2 catalyst. The order of photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalysts calcined at different temperatures for p-nitrophenol is 773 K 〉 673 K 〉 873 K 〉 573 K 〉 973 K and the photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalyst calcined at 773 K is better than TiO2 catalysts heated at the same temperature, and outclasses that of commercial TiO2 catalyst. It also showed that the photocatalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol follows first-order kinetics under the irradiation of simulant sunlight.     

Current status of radiation therapy for prostate cancer

Radiotherapy for the treatment of prostate cancer has been extensively explored in the past. Along with the comprehensive understanding of the biology of prostate cancer and rapid advances in terms of technology, the out- come of treatment for the patients with prostate cancer has improved. The authors review radiotherapy as the primary treatment for the disease, with particular emphasis on the technological advances from both the radiobiological and radiophysics aspects. Nonconventional fractionated irradiation like hyper- or hypo-fractionation has been imple- mented in the clinic, the final results still need to be confirmed in the future. Technological advances like IMRT, IGRT, in the last two decades have significantly improved the delivery of external radiotherapy to the prostate. This has re- sulted in an overall increase in the total dose that can be safely delivered to the prostate, which has led to modest im- provements in the biochemical outcome. However, establishing the standard therapy for prostate cancer remains con- troversial. It is hoped that the next decades will bring continued advances in the development of biologicals that will further improve current clinical outcomes.     

Interaction between uranium and humic acid (Ⅰ): Adsorption behaviors of U(Ⅵ) in soil humic acids

The adsorption behaviors of uranium on three soil humic acids (HAs), which were extracted from soils of different depths at the same site, were investigated under various experimental conditions. The adsorption results showed that U(Ⅵ) in solutions can be adsorbed by the three soil HAs, with the order of FHA (HA from 5 m depth of soil) ＞SHA (HA from the surface) ＞THA (HA from 10 m depth of soil) for adsorption efficiency in each desirable condition, and the adsorption reached equilibrium in about 240 min. Although the maximum adsorption efficiency was adsorption could be described with Langmiur isotherm or Freundlich isotherm equation. The L/S (liquid/solid, mL/g)ratio and pH were important factors influencing the adsorption in our adsorption system besides uranium concentration. The adsorption efficiency decreased with the increase of the L/S ratio and pH at the pH range of 2.0-3.0 for SHA and THA or 2.5 - 6.0 for FHA. However, no significant difference in adsorption of U(Ⅵ) was observed at the experimental temperature. All the results implied that humic substances have different characteristics in samples even collected at the same site.     

水平管内含空气蒸汽强制对流冷凝换热模型研究

为研究含空气蒸汽在水平管内强制对流冷凝换热特性,基于对传热传质过程的分析,建立了管内为环状流与波状流条件下的流动冷凝换热模型。从潜热、显热和液膜3个环节对整个换热过程进行建模,最终得到计算局部冷凝换热系数的理论关系式。模型预测结果与实验数据的对比表明,二者相对偏差在±20%以内,验证了该换热模型的准确性与适用性。通过进一步的研究发现：从换热管入口至出口,随着冷凝的进行,管内换热主要热阻由液膜热阻向气液界面的凝结热阻转变;主流气体对流换热过程基本可忽略。     

The preclinical pharmacological study of dopamine transporter imaging agent 18F-FP-β-CIT

The paper is to study pharmacologic characteristics of 18F-FP-β-CIT (18F-N-(3-fluoropropyl)-2β- carbomethoxy-3β- (4-iodophenyl)nortropane) as an imaging agent for dopamine transporter. The radiochemical purity of 18F-FP-β-CIT in aqueous solution was over 95% after standing at room temperature for 4h. Biodistribution displayed rapid uptake in rat brain (1.375 %ID/organ at 5min and 0.100 %ID/organ at 180 min) and the striatal uptake was 1.444,0.731, 0.397, 0.230 and 0.146 %ID/g at 5, 30, 60, 120 and 180 min, respectively. The values of striatum/cerebellum,striatum/frontal cortex and striatum / hippocampus in rat's brain at 30 min were 3.38, 2.17 and 2.40 respectively. The uptake in striatum can be blocked by β-CFT, suggesting that 18F-FP-β-CIT binds to DAT peculiarly. The compound was rapidly cleared from monkey's blood. The striatal uptake was bilaterally decreased in the left-sided lesioned PD rats, compared with normal control. Brain PET imaging studies in normal monkey showed that 18F-FP-β-CIT was concentrated in striatum. The test of undue toxicity showed that the dose received by mice was 1250 times as by human, which indicates that 18F-FP-β-CIT is very safe. So 18F-FP-β-CIT is a promising PET imaging agent for DAT with safety and validity.     

Information for authors

<正>1.NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND TECHNIQUES(NST),a bimonthly journal,is devoted to all aspects of nuclear science and technology,theoretical or experimental.Its special interest lies in the subjects of synchrotron radiation science and technology;low energy accelerators,radiation technology and applications;radiochemistry,radiopharmaceuticals and nuclear medicine;nuclear electronics and instrumen-     

PLASMA SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AUTHOR INDEX TO VOLUME 16(2014)

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Web Services interface of SSRF archive data analysis system

Accelerator database stores various static parameters and real-time data of accelerator. SSRF (Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility) adopts relational database to save the data. We developed a data retrieval system based on XML Web Services for accessing the archive data. It includes a bottom layer interface and an interface applicable for accelerator physics. Client samples exemplifying how to consume the interface are given. The users can browse, retrieve and plot data by the client samples. Also, we give a method to test its stability. The test result and performance are described.