牛乳中糖蛋白的保健功能

本文论述了牛乳ｋ－酪蛋白酶促水解产物和乳脂肪球膜基质生理活性。研究指出，牛乳具有多种保健功能，是人类的天然保健食品。     

蛋黄磷脂

蛋黄磷脂较大豆磷脂富含磷脂酰胆碱(PC),故在生理活性功能和开发应用方面有所不同,特别是近年国外市场上富含DHA蛋黄磷脂(油)制品应市,令人瞩目。本文介绍蛋黄磷脂组份、生理活性功能及开发应用状况。     

牛乳中乳清蛋白质的功能活性研究进展

近年来,牛乳的营养功能备受关注,牛乳乳清中的活性蛋白在其中发挥重要的作用。随着对其研究的深入,乳品加工技术的升级与创新,对牛乳乳清中的活性蛋白认知逐渐明晰。本文重点介绍牛乳乳清中α-乳白蛋白、β-乳球蛋白、乳铁蛋白、免疫球蛋白的功能活性的研究进展,阐述牛乳加工灭菌过程对上述牛乳乳清蛋白活性的影响,旨在为我国牛乳乳清蛋白的功能活性基础研究以及乳功能基料的产业化提出新思路,为乳品行业技术创新指明方向。     

富含γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)大米胚芽及其在食品中应用

γ—氨基丁酸(CABA)是一种具有很多生理活性的氨基酸,本文介绍富含CABA大米胚芽的品质特性、生理活性功能以及在食品中的应用。     

乳铁蛋白最新研究进展--结构、特性及生产制备方法(Ⅰ)

乳铁蛋白广泛存在于哺乳动物的分泌物中,如人乳或牛乳中,具有较多的生理活性功能.文章综述了乳铁蛋白的一些最新研究进展包括分子结构、一些功能特性以及生产制备方法.     

螺旋藻凝胶双歧酸奶的研制

0前言螺旋藻作为一种全天然、高蛋白、富含生理活性成分、营养丰富的功能性食品日益风靡世界。螺旋藻中丰富的生理活性成分,如：β－胡萝卜素、叶绿素、α．γ－亚麻酸、多糖藻蓝蛋白、维生素、糖脂、微量元素等具有重要的医疗保健价值。螺旋藻极易被吸收和消化,与其它食物和     

牛初乳与牛乳中乳清蛋白质组成及功能的对比分析

乳清富含多种功能特性和生物活性的蛋白质,本研究利用SDS-PAGE电泳将牛初乳与牛乳中乳清蛋白质的组成部分进行分离鉴定,发现牛初乳与牛乳中乳清蛋白质的组成存在较大的差异,且在牛初乳乳清中鉴定出290种蛋白,牛乳乳清中鉴定出325种蛋白。由GO功能注释分析发现,在生物过程中,牛初乳乳清蛋白在细胞定位建立和细胞定位中的作用略高于牛乳乳清蛋白。在分子功能上酶抑制活性作用是牛初乳乳清蛋白和牛乳中乳清蛋白的主要分子功能。在细胞组成上牛初乳乳清蛋白参与较多的是细胞外部分和细胞外空隙,与牛乳乳清蛋白相比参与的细胞组成大体相同。通过KEGG代谢通路分析可知,牛初乳和牛乳乳清蛋白均参与过补体及凝血级联反应通路。对牛初乳乳清蛋白组成进行研究,不仅能够增加牛初乳的利用率,并且为日后以乳清蛋白作为原料生产乳制品提供理论依据。     

富含微量活性元素的功能性食品

功能性食品是对人体具有生理调节和保健功能的工程化食品；微量活性元素是功能性食品中有效的生理活性物质之一。国内外已有许多天然及合成的富含微量活性元素的功能性食品。本文对此类食品的特点、分类、加工及其发展作一介绍。     

牛乳不同成分对枣多酚体外抗氧化活性的影响

多酚是一类天然存在的抗氧化物质,大量研究表明摄入多酚可降低许多疾病的发生风险。然而富含多酚的食物常与牛乳一同食用,已有研究表明牛乳会抑制多酚的体内吸收,但牛乳中各成分在这一影响中所起的作用及相关机制尚不明确,因此本研究以市场占有率很高的"枣汁奶"为研究模型,主要评价了牛乳不同成分对枣多酚抗氧化活性的影响。结果表明:添加全脂乳或脱脂乳均显著抑制枣多酚的抗氧化活性,而牛乳超滤液(主要成分为牛乳中的碳水化合物和小分子物质)则无影响。经胃肠消化酶消化后,脱脂乳抑制抗氧化活性的作用减弱,而全脂乳仍保持较强的抑制作用,表明在消化过程中脂肪的存在会影响枣多酚的抗氧化活性。     

10种不可思议保健食品

据《预防》杂志称，若经常食用下列１０种不可思议保健食品，将能有利保持健康。 １．豆腐 富含食物纤维，降胆固醇，稳定血糖，降低患乳癌危险性。 ２．浆果类 含有食物纤维、维生素Ｃ、鞣花酸等抗氧化物资，能防治白眼障、癌症、便秘等。 ３．花茎甘蓝 含二种强有力抗癌化合物，并富含食物纤维和β－胡萝卜素。 ４．胡萝卜、富含类胡萝卜素，能提高夜间视力，防心脏病、癌症和肌肉退化。 ５．鱼富含防心血管疾病的ω－３脂肪酸，抗结肠癌、乳癌，防体内功能下降。 ６．牛乳强骨，富含降胆固醇、降血压的钙质，防癌症。 ７．果仁 防心脏病…     

大豆的生化成分和生理功效

对大豆蛋白、大豆多肽、大豆油脂、大豆异黄酮、大豆皂甙、大豆低聚糖等活性成分与生理功效作了系统地阐述。     

牛初乳制品功能性成分的分析

利用牛初乳中的免疫球蛋白活性因子，开发具有独特生理功能的乳制品成为牛初乳利用的热点。本研究利用十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺电泳法和酶联免疫吸附法对市售的牛初孔制品的质量进行了分析与评价。结果表明，目前牛初乳制品的蛋白含量与组成有很大的差异，并且活性免疫球蛋白含量较低。目前牛初乳制品存在的问题亟待解决，市场亟待规范。     

Database of biologically active peptide sequences

Proteins are sources of many peptides with diverse biological activity. Such peptides are considered as valuable components of foods with desired and designed biological activity. Two strategies are currently recommended for research in the area of biological activity of food protein fragments. The first strategy covers investigations on products of enzymic hydrolysis of proteins. The second one is synthesis of peptides identical with protein fragments and investigations using these peptides. It is possible to predict biological activity of protein fragments using sequence alignments between proteins and biologically active peptides from database. Our database contains currently 527 sequences of bioactive peptides with antihypertensive, opioid, immunomodulating and other activities. The sequence alignments can give information about localization of biologically active fragments in protein chain, but not about possibilities of enzymic release of such fragments. The information is thus equivalent with this obtained using synthetic peptides identical with protein fragments. Possibilities offered by the database are discussed using wheat α/β-gliadin, bovine β-lactoglobulin and bovine β-casein (including influence of genetic polymorphism and genetic engineering on amino acid sequences) as examples.     

中国白茶的香气活性成分研究进展

白茶被誉为中国六大茶类中的“白雪公主”,银装素裹,毫香显露。赋予这种高雅香气的挥发性物质有很多种,具有重要的研究意义。文中介绍了提取法对白茶香气成分含量的影响,阐述了白茶香气活性成分鉴定的必要性,探讨了白茶香气成分及其相关酶类在加工中的变化规律,分析了利用香气活性成分构建不同香型白茶的香气质量评价模型的可行性。     

Rapid analysis of whey proteins from different animal species by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography.

This paper explores the possibilities of reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) for analysing whey proteins from the milk of cows and other animal species. An RP-HPLC method is proposed to separate and quantify bovine whey proteins. Using this method, bovine serum albumin, alpha-lactalbumin, beta-lactoglobulin A and beta-lactoglobulin B were separated in less than 7 min. It is demonstrated that irreversible adsorption of bovine whey proteins occurs on unused columns (i.e. those not previously used to separate proteins). Therefore, prior conditioning of the column with whey proteins is required for valid protein quantification. Conditioning can be achieved by eluting a large amount of at least one of the bovine whey proteins through the unused column. The calibration curve (peak area vs. protein concentration) for the main bovine whey proteins was linear. This method also allowed good separation of caprine and ovine whey proteins and separation of some homologous whey proteins of different animal species. Detection of milk mixtures from different animal species was carried out using this method.     

The concentrations of some hormones and growth factors in bovine and human colostrums: Short communication

This study compared different levels of certain hormones and growth factors between bovine and human colostrums. Colostrums were collected from seven Holstein cows and seven healthy humans. Prolactin, epidermal growth factor (EGF) and nerve growth factor (NGF) had higher levels in human colostrums over the 3 days. A higher level of platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF) was found in bovine colostrums on day three; estradiol had higher levels on day three in both human and bovine colostrums. To minimise the differences of active components’ concentrations between these two types of colostrums, prolactin, EGF and NGF should be considered for addition into bovine colostrum products.     

人参皂苷活性对冠心病作用的研究进展

人参是在我国应用历史悠久的医食两用养生珍品,具有提高机体免疫力、缓解疲劳、抗衰老等作用。本文主要综述了人参主要的活性成分,人参皂苷的分类及毒性,人参活性成分与炎症反应、氧化应激、细胞凋亡、细胞自噬、线粒体损伤、钙超载的关系,以及人参皂苷在抗动脉粥样硬化、抗心律失常、抗心肌缺血、抑制心室重构方面的作用,以期为利用人参活性成分研发提供理论依据。     

Thermal unfolding of β‐lactoglobulin, α‐lactalbumin,and bovine serum albumin. A thermodynamic approach

Heat‐treatment is one of the most commonly used processes in food preparation technology. An understanding of the thermodynamics of protein stability and of conformational changes of proteins, acquired through the measurement of the denaturation temperature, is therefore of particular importance. This paper attempts to shed light on the interpretation of recent calorimetric data on the thennal denaturation of bovine β‐lactoglobulin, α‐lactalbumin, and bovine serum albumin by showing that thermodynamic parameters of heat‐induced unfolding, measured by differential scanning calonmetry, are closely related to the prevailing chemical conditions such as pH, concentration of ions, protein purity, and protein concentration.     

牛初乳营养成分与其免疫球蛋白活性保持技术研究进展

牛初乳由高浓度的生物活性成分组成,具有调节肠道菌群、促进机体生长发育、增强人体免疫力的作用,是一种十分重要的功能性食品原料。免疫球蛋白是牛初乳中最重要的活性成分,但其在加工过程中损失较大。免疫球蛋白活性保持技术能够保护其免于热、酸和碱等不良环境的影响,进而提升牛初乳综合利用价值。文章综述了牛初乳的营养成分和牛初乳中免疫球蛋白主要活性保持技术的研究进展,并对其未来研究前景进行了展望。     

Bovine lactoferrin receptors in Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bovine mastitis.

A total of 103 Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from bovine mastitis were tested for bovine lactoferrin binding in a 125I-labeled protein binding assay. More than 85% of the strains demonstrated high to moderate and a few showed little or no binding. Bovine lactoferrin binding to S. aureus cells was high when grown on blood, nutrient, or proteose-peptone agar, but the binding capacity was low with cells grown on salt rich media, in skim milk, or in broth. The kinetics of 125I-labeled bovine lactoferrin binding required approximately 90 min for complete saturation with optimal interaction in the pH range 4.0 to 7.0. The lactoferrin-staphylococci interaction was specific with a high affinity (association constant, Ka 14 x 10(6) L/mol). Scatchard plot analysis estimated the number of binding sites per cell at 7200 on strain SA-340. Unlabeled bovine lactoferrin effectively displaced the binding of the labeled ligand to strain SA-340 in a dose-dependent manner. Bovine lactoferrin binding was inhibited or displaced by human lactoferrin. Various plasma, connective tissue, or mucosal secretory proteins tested did not inhibit lactoferrin-staphylococci interaction. Bovine lactoferrin binding components on SA-340 were resistant to glycolytic enzymes and moderately susceptible to proteolytic digestion. Two proteins with an estimated molecular weight of approximately 92 and 67 kDa were identified as bovine lactoferrin binding components of S. aureus strain SA-340.