沾面包渣冷冻贻贝肉的工艺研究

本文研究了沾面包渣冷冻贻贝肉的工艺;选出四种涂糊配方做对比实验,根据成品的感官检查、速冻、冷藏、解冻和油炸品尝结果的分析与讨论。给出了最佳的糊料配方．认为用此种方法加工的冷冻贻贝肉保持了贻贝原有的色、香、味,贻贝不破碎,是保持冷冻贻贝肉质量较理想的加工方法之一。     

两种中式冷冻调理食品

对两种中式冷冻调理食品即榨菜肉丝和鸡卷进行了研究。冷冻调理榨菜肉丝,改传统的炒为油炸,并对油炸条件进行了优化;对可能影响冷冻调理鸡卷品质的因素进行了研究,并对鸡卷的预炸条件进行了优化。最后对这些冷冻调理食品的冻藏稳定性进行了评价。     

冷冻调理马铃薯饼加工技术的探讨

对马铃薯的预糊化实验结果揭示,在各种加热方法中,马铃薯经蒸煮25min后的糊化效果最好.正交试验结果表明,奶粉含量和黄油含量对冷冻调理马铃薯饼的感官指标有高度显著的影响.对冷冻调理马铃薯饼的油脂的测试结果显示,未经油炸的马铃薯饼的脂肪含量为4.24%,而经过油炸后的马铃薯饼的脂肪含量为11.18%.经过一个月的冻藏后,未经油炸的冷冻调理马铃薯饼的油脂的过氧化值为1.94%,而经过油炸的冷冻调理马铃薯饼的油脂的过氧化值为7.79%.     

响应面法优化调理鸡排水油混合油炸工艺

为研究调理鸡排水油混合油炸的最佳工艺条件,在单因素试验的基础上,应用响应面法探讨油炸温度和油炸时间及两者交互作用对调理鸡排水分含量,脂肪含量,黄度(b*)值和感官特性的影响,建立了二次响应预测模型。结果表明:水油混合油炸调理鸡排的最佳工艺参数是油炸温度165℃,油炸时间210 s,在此条件下鸡排的含水量为62.41%,脂肪含量为8.98%,黄度(b*)值为51.04,感官评分为8.87,与模型预测值拟合良好。     

可微波冷冻预油炸食品的研究进展

可使用微波炉重新加热的冷冻预油炸食品是目前最受消费者青睐的调理食品之一,但其加工过程中仍存在着许多问题。文章综述了预油炸食品在油炸、冷冻贮藏和微波复热三道工序中的品质控制以及改良措施,以期为可微波预油炸食品的加工提供参考。     

即食真空油炸带鱼调理食品的工艺研究

以冷冻带鱼为原料,采用低温真空油炸技术,开发一款即食带鱼调理食品。为提高产品质量品质,先通过单因素试验探究真空油炸带鱼生产加工中预干燥和真空油炸等关键工艺参数,以产品感官评分和脆性为响应值,选取影响产品质量品质的主要因素预干燥程度、油炸温度、油炸时间进行Box-Behnken试验设计,建立响应面分析模型。结果表明：最佳热风干燥温度为50℃,最佳离心脱油时间为300 s。最佳工艺条件为预干燥程度67%、真空油炸温度98℃、真空油炸时间61 min,在此条件下加工制作的产品感官评分为92.4,脆性为14 373.81 g。由此工艺加工的即食带鱼调理食品口感酥脆,低脂高蛋白,且保藏性良好。     

鱼类冷冻调理食品生产工艺

概述了鱼类冷冻调理食品的特点和现状,并以冷冻调理鲐鱼及冷冻调理鳗鱼的生产过程为例详细介绍了鱼类冷冻调理食品的生产技术工艺。     

速冻调理油炸咖喱味鲟鱼片加工工艺的研究

对速冻调理油炸咖喱味鲟鱼片配方和工艺进行了研究,经试验确定速冻调理油炸咖喱味鲟鱼片的最佳腌制配方为蔗糖2%,食盐3%,五香粉0.3%;最佳调味配方为蔗糖2%,食盐1%,咖喱粉0.4%;最佳油炸工艺为:160℃,油炸90 s。     

低温真空油炸粉葛片工艺优化及其品质分析

为实现粉葛的全质化利用,本文采用低温真空油炸工艺制备粉葛片。在单因素实验基础上通过正交试验优化了低温真空油炸粉葛片的制备工艺。结果表明,最优工艺为粉葛片厚度2 mm,油炸温度105℃,油炸时间35 min,漂烫时间3 min。在最优条件下粉葛片脆性值为989.35 g,脂肪含量为22.95%。此外,还比较了不同工艺制备的粉葛片品质。漂烫、冷冻处理后低温真空油炸粉葛片的脂肪含量较低,脆性值较高,而通过漂烫冷冻常规油炸所得粉葛片含水量（1.71%）和脆性值（597.54 g）最低,脂肪含量达62.24%。未漂烫粉葛片常规油炸后脂肪含量显著高于低温真空油炸所得粉葛片（P<0.05）,而脆性值无显著性差异（P>0.05）。油炸粉葛片香气物质以氮氧化合物、硫化物和有机硫化物为主,但是不同油炸所得粉葛片香味有明显差异。经油炸后粉葛片表面蜂窝状结构消失,通过漂烫冷冻低温真空油炸的粉葛片表面有少许孔洞,而在未冷冻的葛根片表面形成一层凝胶层。     

调理冷冻食品的低温冷链

０前言调理冷冻食品，因加工工艺的不同，其种类很多，很难作统一的规定来划分类别。但它们有个共同点，就是都要经过煮、蒸或油炸等加工工序。由于调理食品的类别不同，虽然在制造过程中其低温体系有所区别，但低温控制则是共同的。一种是以０℃为中心，±１０℃左右的低...     

Sensory and Chemical Characteristics of Pork Chops as Affected by Precooking, Curing and Frozen Storage

Four processing procedures were compared as methods of reducing warmed-over flavor (WOF) of pork chops during frozen storage for 84 days, These procedures were (1) oven-broiled chops, (2) chops from loins precooked with no additives, (3) chops from loins cured with 0.5% salt and 40 ppm NaNO2 and precooked, and (4) chops from loins cured with 2% salt and 120 ppm NaNO2 and precooked. Samples were evaluated by the TBA test, Warner-Bratzler shear, hydroxyproline assay and by sensory analysis after frozen storage at -18°C. Chops from the three precooked treatments were more tender than oven-broiled chops. Nitrite inhibited WOF development of precooked chops during frozen storage and 40 ppm nitrite was nearly as effective as 120 ppm.     

WILD RICE AS AN ANTIOXIDANT FOR FRESH-FROZEN AND PRECOOKED BEEF PATTIES

Antioxidant effects, as measured by thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), of ground cooked Minnesota wild rice (WR) added at 0, 15 and 25% (weight-weight) to fresh-frozen and precooked extra lean ground beef patties were investigated. WR generally resulted in more desirable sensory panel ratings and lower TBARS values for the fresh-frozen product at 8 weeks frozen storage but not at 0 week or 16 weeks. WR, especially at the 25% level, generally resulted in more desirable sensory panel ratings and lower TBARS in the precooked product at 4 and 8 weeks frozen storage. Ground WR can be an effective antioxidant in fresh-frozen and precooked ground beef patties stored at ?23C.     

Palatability and Storage Characteristics of Precooked Beef Roasts

The palatability and storage characteristics of fresh, frozen and precooked beef chuck roasts prepared using added phosphate-salt and vacuum cooking bags were evaluated. Palatability attributes (tenderness, juiciness, beef flavor intensity, and off-flavor intensity) of precooked roasts prepared in vacuum cooking bags with phosphate-salt were as good or better than freshly cooked roasts. Precooked roasts in vacuum cooking bags had the lowest total bacterial counts after storage for 14 and 28 days. A palatable precooked roast beef product was developed that can be stored for 28 days at 4°C.     

Effect of precooking and polyphosphate treatment on the quality of catfish fillets cooked in pouch in boiling water

Cooking or reheating food in a vacuum‐sealed bag has been a common method of preparing vegetables, meats and poultry products. However, there are very few examples of vacuum‐sealed bags designed for cooking catfish fillets. The objective was to examine properties of raw frozen and precooked frozen catfish fillets that were cooked in a vacuum‐sealed pouch in boiling water. The effect of a commercial polyphosphate blend (IQF) on product properties was also evaluated. Sample analyses included weight loss, proximate content, colour (CIE L*a*b*), pH, mechanical texture and lipid peroxidation (TBARS) measurements. Both raw frozen and precooked frozen IQF fillets showed a significantly lower per cent moisture loss after cooking, of less than 2.7% relative to the fillets without polyphosphate (6.2–7.4%). Colour analysis showed a significantly higher b*(C) (yellowness) value for fillets without polyphosphate. Similar texture properties were observed between cooking treatments, with a harder texture (~1.3–1.7 times) determined for fillets without polyphosphate.     

INFLUENCE OF PLATE TEMPERATURE AND MODE OF REHYDRATION ON TEXTURAL PARAMETERS OF PRECOOKED FREEZE-DRIED BEEF

The effects of various plate temperatures and rehydration procedures in texture of precooked freeze-dried beef, were evaluated. Frozen precooked commercial beef was freeze-dried at 20, 40, 60 and 80C during 24 h. The rehydration procedure involved two main variables: distilled water at room-temperature and at 80C, for 30 min. The texture profile analysis was performed with a TA-XT2 Texture Analyzer (SMS) for freeze-dried rehydrated samples and compared to frozen precooked beef. The results showed that with a same drying period, the 60C plate temperature and rehydrated in distilled water at room-temperature resulted in a better product texture, in regards to texture parameters hardness and chewiness.     

气调包装结合电子束辐照对蚌肉冰藏品质的影响

为进一步分析气调包装结合电子束辐照对冰藏蚌肉品质的影响,该研究设置对照组（CK）、气调包装组（Modified Atmosphere Packaging,MAP）、电子束辐照组（Electron Beam Irradiation,EB）以及气调包装结合电子束辐照组（Modified Atmosphere Packaging Combined with Electron Beam Irradiation,MAP+EB）,通过测定冰藏初始点和货架期终点时蚌肉的质构、色泽、挥发性风味物质和脂肪酸组成指标综合评价蚌肉的品质。结果表明,电子束辐照后蚌肉的硬度、咀嚼性降低,但可延缓微生物繁殖对蚌肉质构的影响。蚌肉色差值在冰藏初始点各组间无显著差异（P>0.05）,在货架期终点,受电子束辐照影响,EB组和MAP+EB组的L*值下降,b*值上升。冰藏初始点,CK、MAP、EB和MAP+EB组蚌肉中挥发性风味物质的种类分别为8、17、16和19种,说明气调包装和电子束辐照处理显著提高挥发性风味物质的种类（P<0.05）,并且醛类、酮类物质总含量提高,烃类、醇类物质总含量降低,但无显著差异（P>0.05）。各保鲜组蚌肉中脂肪酸相对总含量分别为49.55%、49.64%、49.61%和49.90%,无显著差异（P>0.05）。综上,气调包装结合电子束辐照对冰藏蚌肉的贮藏品质无明显的不良影响,适合于蚌肉的物理保鲜。     

Inhibition of Lipid Oxidation and Rancidity in Precooked Pork Patties by Radical‐Scavenging Licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) Extract

This study investigated the efficacy of licorice extract (LE) to curtail lipid oxidation and protect sensory attributes of ground pork during refrigerated and frozen storage. Pork patties (20% fat) were formulated with 0%, 0.02%, 0.05%, and 0.1% (meat basis) LE or rosemary extract (RE) as comparison or 0.01% (fat basis) BHA with 0 or 1.5% NaCl. Raw and precooked (75 °C) patties were packaged in polyvinylchloride overwrapped trays and stored at 2 °C up to 7 and 14 d, respectively, or at –20 °C up to 6 mo. Lipid oxidation (thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substances [TBARS]) and sensory attributes of stored patty samples were evaluated, radical scavenging activity of the LE was measured, and the active phenolic compounds were identified. Cooking yield (<85%) was similar among antioxidant treatments, and lipid oxidation was minimal in refrigerated or frozen raw samples. However, TBARS values in refrigerated precooked control patties (0.22 mg/kg) rose to 9.3 to 9.4 mg/kg after 14 d, compared to 3.4 to 4.4 and 4.4 to 6.9 mg/kg in patties treated with 0.1% LE and RE, respectively. In frozen precooked samples, TBARS (0.22 mg/kg) increased to 1.3 mg/kg (P < 0.05) in control patties after 6 mo and had no significant change in patties treated with 0.1% LE or 0.01% butylated hydroxyanisol. Sensory panel evaluation confirmed strong inhibition of rancidity production by LE, corroborating its remarkable antiradical activity due to the presence of multiple phenolics. The results indicate that licorice has great potential as a natural antioxidative additive to extend the shelf‐life of precooked pork.     

EFFECTS OF RETORTING AND STORAGE ON LIQUID MASS TRANSFER IN CANNED SKIPJACK (KATSUWONAS PELAMIS) MUSCLE

Mass loss of precooked tuna muscle during retorting and storage in cans impacts cannery yield and throughput. Changes in moisture content and mass of frozen, thawed, precooked tuna muscle chunks, canned in water, were determined after retorting and through five weeks of subsequent storage. Canned tuna pieces were retorted to equivalent lethality (F_o-value of four) for different time and temperature processes. Retorting at a lower temperature, longer time resulted in less mass loss than higher temperature, shorter time processes. Canned storage of up to five weeks had no effect on muscle mass or moisture content.     

DETERMINATION OF OPTIMUM PARTICLE SIZE FOR LOW-FAT, PRECOOKED GROUND BEEF PATTIES

Low-fat (10%) beef patties varying in particle size, C (Comitrol7® flaked), CG (mixture of flaked and ground) and G (coarse-ground) were precooked, frozen and microwave reheated for sensory, instrumental and compositional evaluations. Treatment G had higher cooking and reheating losses, higher shear values and lower final yields. Additionally, G was harder, denser, more easily fractured and less juicy than other treatments. All treatments were similar in sensory flavor attributes. C had the least cooking and reheating losses, lower shear values and higher final yields; however, it also showed surface "puffing" and an internal air pocket after microwave reheating which could be a disadvantage. Results indicated that physical shape, size or density of meat particles played a major role in textural traits. For optimum yield and textural properties, low-fat, precooked beef patties targeted for the frozen market probably should be manufactured using a Comitrol®-grinding (CG) combination.