Toxic and nutrient elements in yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis)

Toxic and nutrient elements were investigated in yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) from South America. Fifty-four brands of commercialised yerba mate from Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay were analysed for Al, Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, P, Sr, and Zn, using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), and Li, Be, Ti, V, Cr, Ni, Co, As, Se, Rb, Mo, Ag, Cd, Sb, La, Ce, Pb, Bi and U using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Antimony, Se, Ag and Bi were not detected in any sample whereas the limits of detection (LODs) of these elements were 0.19, 0.40, 0.003 and 0.001 μg g^?1, respectively. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that the concentrations of Cd, Ti, Ni, As, Mo, U, Li and Be in yerba mate were not statistically different with regard to the country of origin, while those of the other investigated elements differed.     

Arsenic and other trace elements in wines of eastern Croatia

Levels of arsenic and other trace elements (Al, Ba, Be, Bi, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Sn, Sr, Ti, Tl, U, V and Zn) in nine brands of wine from Slavonia (eastern Croatia) were investigated. Wines from two other viticulture areas, Istria (western Croatia) and Vojvodina (northern Serbia), were used for comparison. Elemental concentrations were determined by high resolution ICP-MS. Statistical methods were applied for the interpretation of obtained data. Regional differences were identified based on a set of geogenic elements (Al, Li, Be, Ti). Elements As and Pb were found to be of predominantly natural origin. Significant differences between the obtained values for As in wines from Slavonia and Vojvodina, compared to wines from Istria indicate that the geochemical arsenic anomalies present in these regions contribute to some extent to higher As content in analysed wines. The Cd, Ni, Zn, Fe and Cr in wine were found to be primarily of anthropogenic origin.     

Contribution to the study of avocado honeys by their mineral contents using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry

Avocado honey samples were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometric. First, the botanical origin of the honeys was confirmed by melissopalynological analysis. Twenty-four minerals were quantified for each honey sample. The elements Al, Ba, Ca, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, P, Pb, S, Se, Si and Zn were detected in all samples; seven elements were very abundant (Ca, K, Mg, Na, P, S and Si), six were not abundant (Al, Cu, Fe, Li and Zn) and 11 were trace elements (As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Mo, Ni, Mo, Pb, Se, Sr and V).     

Minor and trace elements in different honey types produced in Siena County (Italy)

The concentrations of 23 chemical elements (Al, As, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Sr, Th, Tl, U, Zn) were determined in 51 honey samples of different botanical origin produced in Siena County (Italy). K, Ca, Na and Mg were the most abundant elements, with mean contents of 1195, 257, 96.6 and 56.7 mg/kg, respectively. The Fe, Zn and Sr contents generally ranged from 1 to 5 mg/kg. Except for Ba, Cu, Mn and Ni, the trace element contents were below 100 μg/kg. The analytical data indicated a good level of quality of the honeys, especially with regard to the concentrations of toxic trace elements, such as As, Cd, Pb and Sb, and suggested a significant influence of the botanical origin on the element composition. Some local geological and geochemical features also seemed to affect the chemistry of the honey.     

Trace elements in farmed fish (Cyprinus carpio,Ctenopharyngodon idella and Oncorhynchus mykiss) from Beijing: implication from feed

Concentrations of 30 trace elements, Li, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Mo, Zn, Se, Sr, Co, Al, Ti, As, Cs, Sc, Te, Ba, Ga, Pb, Sn, Cd, Sb, Ag, Tm, TI, Be, Hg and U in major cultured freshwater fish species (common carp-Cyprinus carpio, grass carp-Ctenopharyngodon idella and rainbow trout-Oncorhynchus mykiss) with the corresponding feed from 23 fish farms in Beijing, China, were investigated. The results revealed that Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn, Sr, Se were the major accumulated essential elements and Al, Ti were the major accumulated non-essential elements, while Mo, Co, Ga, Sn, Cd, Sb, Ag, Tm, U, TI, Be, Te, Pb and Hg were hardly detectable. Contents of investigated trace elements were close to or much lower than those in fish from other areas in China. Correlation analysis suggested that the elemental concentrations in those fish species were relatively constant and did not vary much with the fish feed. In comparison with the limits for aquafeeds and fish established by Chinese legislation, Cd in 37.5% of rainbow trout feeds and As in 20% of rainbow trout samples exceeded the maximum limit, assuming that inorganic As accounts for 10% of total As. Further health risk assessment showed that fish consumption would not pose risks to consumers as far as non-essential element contaminants are concerned. However, the carcinogenic risk of As in rainbow trout for the inhabitants in Beijing exceeded the acceptable level of 10^?4, to which more attention should be paid.     

ICP-AES法测定水产品贝壳肉中16种金属元素

利用ICP-AES法测定钱塘江近海水域水产品贝壳肉中Al、Ca、Cr、Cu、Fe、Mg、Mn、Ni、Se、Sb、Sn、V 、Zn、Cd、As、Pb、Hg十六种金属元素含量。结果表明:所采样品金属元素含量丰富,对铅、铝的吸附量相对较高,部分样品金属元素含量相对偏高,不宜多食。ICP-AES法具有检测灵敏度高、回收率好、快速、简便等好的检测效果。     

中宁枸杞中矿物元素在生长期的动态变化研究

利用电感耦合等离子体质谱对宁夏中宁枸杞中55种矿物元素在不同成熟阶段的含量进行跟踪测定,分析其变化规律。结果表明,中宁枸杞中55种元素含量差异较大,Cu、Co、B、Mg、Mn、Mo、Ca、Cd、Cr、Ni、Ba、Sr、Rb、Ti、W、Ga元素含量在5个成熟阶段呈降低趋势,Fe、Zn、V、Pb、As、Hg、Sb、Tl、La、Ce、Nd、Y、Pr、Eu、Yb、Dy、Er、Gd、Sm、Tb、Ho、Tm、Lu、Sn、Bi、Be、Li、Cs、Zr、Nb、Ag、Ta、Ge呈先降低后升高的趋势,Sc、Pd、Hf、Zr、Pt呈先升高后降低的趋势;稀土元素显示出轻稀土元素富集、重稀土元素亏欠的特征,中宁枸杞重金属未超标,质量安全;对中宁枸杞5个成熟阶段中55种元素含量进行偏最小二乘法判别分析分析,可提取出2个主成分,累计方差贡献率为80.9%,构建的不同成熟阶段枸杞区分模型的第一主成分、第二主成分得分图可以将5个成熟阶段的样品清晰区分。筛选出Sc、Li、Zn、Ta、Be、La、Se、Sb、Lu、Pt、Ni、Ir、Sr、Hg、Mo、Bi、Pb、W、Hf、Yb、Pd、Sn 22种元素作为中宁枸杞不同成熟阶段...     

Monitoring the Authenticity of Organic Grape Juice via Chemometric Analysis of Elemental Data

Elemental determination was carried out on 36 grape juice samples (19 organic and 17 ordinary), with the goal of identifying significant differences between the two types of juice for classification purposes. Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry was used for the determination of 24 elements, Al, As, Ba, Ca, Cd, Ce, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, La, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, P, Pb, Rb, Se, Sn, Ti, V, and Zn. Ba, Ce, La, Mg, P, Pb, Rb, Sn, and Ti concentrations were found to be higher in organic versus ordinary samples, while Na and Va concentrations were higher in ordinary versus organic samples. The remaining investigated elements exhibited statistically equivalent concentration levels in both types of samples. Principal component analysis (PCA) and soft independent modeling of class analogy (SIMCA) statistical techniques of the elemental fingerprints were readily able to discriminate organic from ordinary samples and can be used as alternative methods for adulteration evaluation.     

2019年河北省市售虾蛄(皮皮虾)重金属污染情况调查

目的了解2019年河北省市售虾蛄中重金属污染情况。方法按照《2019年河北省食品污染物风险监测方案》的要求,对河北省11个地市及雄安新区共计106份虾蛄样品进行Pb、Ni、Hg(总)、As(总)、Li、V、Mn、Ba、Cd、Cr、Al、Sb、Cu、Sn、Se共15种元素的检测,并对检测结果进行统计分析。结果 Hg、As、Mn、Cd、Cu、Se的检出率为90%以上, As、Cd的检出率达到了100%,其余元素的检出率在36.8%~89.6%之间,元素镉超标率达到了86.8%。Pb、Ni、Hg(总)、As(总)、Li、V、Mn、Ba、Cr、Al、Sb、Cu、Sn、Se元素均检出,但并未超出GB 2762—2017《食品安全国家标准食品中污染物限量》中的限值要求。结论去除虾腺可降低镉元素的检测值,虽然河北省虾蛄抽查样品89.9%镉超标,但经过计算评估,虾蛄中的镉元素对人体健康的风险可以接受。     

Characteristics of metals in nano/ultrafine/fine/coarse particles collected beside a heavily trafficked road

Fine particles emitted from vehicles have adverse health effects because of their sizes and chemical compositions. Therefore, this study attempted to characterize the metals in nano (0.010 < Dp < 0.056 microm), ultrafine (Dp < 0.1 microm), fine (Dp < 2.5 microm), and coarse (2.5 < Dp < 10 microm) particles collected near a busy road using a microorifice uniform deposition impactor (MOUDI) and a Nano-MOUDI. The nano particles were found to contain more of traffic-related metals (Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, Ba, and Ni) than particles of other sizes, although crustal metals accounted for over 90% of all the particulate metals. Most crustal metals, Ba, Ni, Pb, and Zn in ultrafine particles displayed Aitken modes due to their local origins. The Ag, Cd, Cr, Ni, Pb, Sb, V, and Zn were 37, 50, 28, 30, 24, 64, 38, and 22% by mass, respectively, in < 0.1-microm particles, with submicron mass median diameters (MMDs) in PM(0.01-18) (except Zn) (particularly the < 0.1-microm MMDs for Cd and Sb). These levels raise potential health issues. Particle-bound Zn was more abundant in the accumulation mode than in the nucleation/condensation mode, but the opposite was true for Ag, Cd, and Sb. The Ag, Ba, Cd, Pb, Sb, V, and Zn contents in nano particles were strongly associated with diesel fuel, while the Cu, Mn, and Sr in particles < 0.1 microm were more strongly associated with gasoline. The high content of Si in nano particles, more associated with diesel soot than with gasoline exhaust, is another health concern.     

Partitioning of metal species during an enriched fuel combustion experiment. speciation in the gaseous and particulate phases

Combustion processes are the most important source of metal in the atmosphere and need to be better understood to improve flue gas treatment and health impact studies. This combustion experiment was designed to study metal partitioning and metal speciation in the gaseous and particulate phases. A light fuel oil was enriched with 15 organometallic compounds of the following elements: Pb, Hg, As, Cu, Zn, Cd, Se, Sn, Mn, V, Tl, Ni, Co, Cr, and Sb. The resulting mixture was burnt in a pilot-scale fuel combustion boiler under controlled conditions. After filtration of the particles, the gaseous species were sampled in the stack through a heated sampling tube simultaneously by standardized washing bottles-based sampling techniques and cryogenically. The cryogenic samples were collected at -80 degrees C for further speciation analysis by LT/GC-ICPMS. Three species of selenium and two of mercury were evidenced as volatile species in the flue gas. Thermodynamic predictions and experiments suggest the following volatile metal species to be present in the flue gas: H2Se, CSSe, CSe2, SeCl2, Hg(0), and HgCl2. Quantification of volatile metal species in comparison between cryogenic techniques and the washing bottles-based sampling method is also discussed. Concerning metal partitioning, the results indicated that under these conditions, at least 60% (by weight) of the elements Pb, Sn, Cu, Co, Tl, Mn, V, Cr, Ni, Zn, Cd, and Sb mixed to the fuel were found in the particulate matter. For As and Se, 37 and 17%, respectively, were detected in the particles, and no particulate mercury was found. Direct metal speciation in particles was performed by XPS allowing the determination of the oxidation state of the following elements: Sb(V), Tl(III), Mn(IV), Cd(II), Zn(II), Cr(III), Ni(II), Co(II), V(V), and Cu(II). Water soluble species of inorganic Cr, As, and Se in particulate matter were determined by HPLC/ICP-MS and identified in the oxidation state Cr(III), As(V), and Se(IV).     

Rapid multi-element analysis of Chinese vinegar by sector field inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

An analytical method for simultaneous determination of 20 trace elements in vinegar including Na, Mg, K, Ca, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Sr, Mo, Cd, Sn, Sb, Ba and Pb by sector field inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (SF-ICP-MS) with microwave digestion has been established. Sample first underwent microwave digestion with HNO₃ + H₂O₂ followed by dilution with ultrapure water, and then, the as-obtained solution was analyzed directly by SF-ICP-MS. The matrix effects were studied in details and corrected by Sc, In and Re as the internal standard elements. Data accuracy was improved by measuring in medium-resolution mode and high-resolution mode. The applicability of the proposed method has also been validated by the analysis of reference material (NIST SRM 1643e). These results showed that the detection limit of this method is in the range of 0.002–0.34 μg/L with good precision (RSD < 3 %).     

Toxic and micronutrient elements in organic,brown and polished rice in Brazil

Concentration levels of As, Cd, Hg, Pb, Tl, Sn, Sb Co, Cu, Mn, Se, Zn, Cr, Ni and Mo in different types of rice cultivated in irrigated fields in Brazil were evaluated. Arsenic, Cd, Pb, Zn, Mn and Cu were found in higher concentrations in brown rice samples, suggesting the prevalence of these elements in the bran. Meanwhile, lower concentrations of Pb, Mo, Cr, Se and Co were found in parboiled rice. Organic rice did not differ of cultivated conventionally rice. Thallium, Hg and Sb were not detected in any rice sample whose limits of detection were 0.7 μg kg^?1, 2.5 μg kg^?1 and 8 μg kg^?1, respectively. The concentrations of the investigated elements were compared with those reported for polished rice and brown rice from other countries, unveiling concentrations in general at the same level for rice produced at non-contaminated sites.     

Geographical traceability of “Arròs de Valencia” rice grain based on mineral element composition

The geographical traceability of rice grain samples involves the use of analytical methodologies that allow their differentiation on the basis of the rice composition, thus confirming their authenticity. In this paper, trace element determination of rice samples by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) has been addressed to achieve a complete geographical origin classification. Samples (107) from Spain including Valencia, Tarragona, Murcia and Extremadura, Japan, Brazil and India were employed as training set whereas the validation set was formed by 46 samples of the aforementioned geographical origins. Data were processed by linear discriminant analysis (LDA), using as analytical variable the concentration of 32 elements (Al, As, Ba, Bi, Cd, Ca, Cr, Co, Cu, Fe, Pb, Li, Mg, Mn, Mo, Ni, K, Se, Na, Sr, Tl, Ti, Zn, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Ho, Er and Yb), enabling a 91.30% of correct classification for the validation set.     

微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定虾皮中28种元素

目的建立电感耦合等离子体质谱法(inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry,ICP-MS)测定虾皮中K、Na、Ca、Mg、Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn、P、Li、Al、V、Cr、Co、Ni、As、Rb、Sr、Se、Mo、Ag、Cd、Pb、Ba、Ga、Cs、Ti、Bi 28种元素含量的分析方法。方法采用硝酸-过氧化氢消解体系,通过在线加入Ge、Rh、Re内标进行基体效应校正,碰撞反应池模式(kinetic energy discrimination,KED)消除多原子离子干扰,以国家标准物质大虾(GBW 10050)为研究对象,验证方法准确度。结果方法检出限为0.001-0.681 mg/kg,相对标准偏差(relative standard deviations,RSD)为0.6%~8.2%,各元素标准曲线线性关系良好,相关系数r²大于0.999,样品回收率为87.4%~110.0%。虾皮中常量元素K、Na、Ca、Mg等含量较高,Pb、Cd、Cr等重金属元素含量较低,Al、As需根据其存在形态评估可能存在的健康安全风险。结论该方法准确高效,灵敏度高,可应用于虾皮样品分析。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定柑橘皮中18种元素

目的建立电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定柑橘皮中Al、As、B、Ba、Cd、Cr、Cu、Fe、Hg、Mn、Ni、Pb、Se、Sn、Sr、Ti、Zn、Sb 18种元素含量的分析方法。方法采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法通过微波消解以及在线内标校正,自带动能歧视模式消除干扰,验证了线性范围、检出限、精密度和回收率。结果该方法线性范围10~100μg/L,检出限为0.0001~0.4202μg/L,回收率为83.0%~107.4%,相对标准偏差为0.61%~3.62%。结论该方法简单、快速、准确,适用于柑橘皮中多种元素同时测定。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定砂糖中31种微量元素

利用微波消化－电感耦合等离子体质谱法（ＩＣＰ－ＭＳ）同时测定了白砂糖和赤砂糖中３１种微量元素。白砂糖中检测出２３种,赤砂糖中检出２７种。结果表明,Ｃａ,Ｍｇ,Ｋ,Ｆｅ,Ｍｎ,Ｃｕ等６种元素在赤砂糖中含量比在白砂糖中含量高出４￣４００倍。Ｌｉ,Ｂａ,Ｎａ,Ｐ,Ａｌ,Ｖ,Ｃｒ,Ｎｉ,Ｚｎ,Ｇａ,Ｓｒ,Ａｇ,Ｓｎ,Ｓｈ,Ｂａ,Ｈｇ,Ｐｂ等１７种元素在白砂糖和赤砂糖中的含量无显著差别。本方法具有前处理简单     

金属元素在汾酒中的作用及应用研究

采用火焰原子吸收法测Na、K、Ca、Mg、Fe、Zn、Cu、Mn、Ni、Li、Pb、Cd 和Cr 含量;石墨炉原子吸收法测Mo、Sr、Ba、Co、Ti、Al 和Sn 含量;原子荧光光度法测Hg、As、Se 和Sb 含量,对汾酒不同生产用水、不同贮存容器所贮新酒中24 种金属元素进行了定量分析,并初步探讨了酒中金属元素的作用机制。结果显示,汾酒中金属元素的种类和含量与生产用水及贮存容器的使用密切相关,因此用不同的水源和容器,酒中金属元素的种类和含量不同,从而影响汾酒的口感和老熟。在此基础上,对汾酒生产中合理使用水源和容器也做出了科学合理的指导。     

Survey of bottled drinking waters sold in Canada for chlorate, bromide, bromate, lead, cadmium and other trace elements

Mineral, spring and other bottled drinking waters sold in Canada in the winter of 1995-96 were surveyed for chlorate, bromide, bromate, Cr(VI), Li, B, Al, Mn, Cu, Zn, Sr, Ba, Be, V, Cr, Co, Ni, As, Se, Mo, Ag, Cd, Sb, Tl, Pb, Na, K, Ca and Mg. Chlorate and bromide were determined by ion chromatography (IC) with conductivity detection, Cr(VI) by IC with colorimetric detection, bromate by solvent extraction and gas chromatography (GC), trace elements by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS), and Na, K, Ca and Mg by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAA). Most chemicals in the 199 samples analysed were well within national and international drinking water guidelines. World Health Organization and/or Canadian drinking water guidelines were exceeded for B (22 samples), Al (9), Cr (1), Mn (5), Ni (1), As (10), Se (24) and Pb (1). Bromate levels are reported for information purposes and are considered as the maximum concentrations in the samples. In three distilled water products, unexpectedly high concentrations of Cu (88-147 µg l^-1) and Ni (16-35 µg l^-1) were found, and a comparison of distilled and non-distilled waters from two of the brands suggested the likely cause to be contamination during the distillation process. Li concentration in one sample was at a therapeutic dose and could pose an overdose risk to individuals on Li medication.     

Variation in essential,trace and toxic elemental contents in Murraya koenigii – A spice and medicinal herb from different Indian states

Curry leaves (Murraya koenigii), collected from 19 different Indian states, were analyzed for six minor (Ca, Cl, K, Mg, Na and P) and 20 trace (As, Ba, Br, Ce, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, Fe, Hg, La, Mn, Rb, Sb, Sc, Se, Sr, Th, V and Zn) elements by instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA). In addition, Ni, Cd and Pb were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). Most elements vary over a wide range, depending on geo-environmental factors and local soil characteristics. Fe, Mn, Na, K, Rb, Se and P vary by a factor of 3–5 whereas Br, Cs, Sc, Th and Zn vary by an order of magnitude. Leaves collected from the southern zone were enriched in K, Mg, Mn, Cl and P but depleted in Se. However, leaves from the northern zone were particularly enriched in Ca whereas those from the western zone were enriched in Zn. Concentrations of most elements from the eastern zone were on par with the mean values. Cr, Fe, Cu, V and Zn are known to play an important role in the maintenance of normoglycemia by activating β-cells of pancreas. Percent contributions of diabetically important elements from curry leaves were 1–2% of daily dietary intake (DDI) but are likely to be in bioavailable form thus making them effective for treatment of diabetes. Rb and Cs are linearly correlated (r = 0.93) as their salts enhance the absorption of insulin in the lower respiratory tract by breakdown of glucose. Inorganic elements may remain complexed with organic ligands.