海产品中溶藻弧菌的筛选及其致病因子的研究

溶藻弧菌能引起人类食物中毒.溶血毒素、耐热性肠毒素(ST)和不耐热性肠毒素(LT)是致病性微生物中常见的致病因子.本文对从扇贝、牡蛎、贻贝、沙虾、虾蛄等海产品中筛选的溶藻弧菌的种属和致病因子进行了研究,生化鉴定显示分离到的两株溶藻弧菌来源不同,基因测定显示它们同属于溶藻弧菌(V. alginolyticu s);血琼脂平板法、兔小肠结扎法和乳鼠灌胃法显示来源不同的溶藻弧菌其产毒种类也不同,两株溶藻弧菌都能产生不耐热性肠毒素(LT)和耐热性肠毒素(ST),但只有1株能产生溶血毒素.     

海水中溶藻弧菌的分离、鉴定及其耐药性分析

用无菌采样器在上海临港海域采集100份海水,经过增菌培养和选择性分离后,进行3种生理生化鉴定和PCR鉴定,共得到33株溶藻弧菌.采用优化的K-B法测定分离菌株对20种抗生素的耐药性,结果表明:溶藻弧菌对四环素的耐药性最高(100.0％),其次是氨苄青霉素(97.0％)和羧苄青霉素(93.9％);对头孢吡肟、安曲南、红霉素、环丙沙星、诺氟沙星和氯霉素敏感.本次分离的溶藻弧菌具有严重的多重耐药性,所有分离菌均对3种及3种以上抗生素多重耐药,同时对6种及6种以上抗生素耐药的有15株(45.5％),同时对8种及8种以上抗生素耐药的有6株(18.2％).本次关于溶藻弧菌对抗生素的耐药性分析结果可以为食源性疾病控制提供参考依据,同时为溶藻弧菌的耐药机制的研究奠定理论基础.     

一起溶藻弧菌引起的食物中毒

一起溶藻弧菌引起的食物中毒张谷若，聂忠学，钟加荣，平波贵州省龙里县防疫站（５５１２００）溶藻弧菌引起的食物中毒少有报导，在内陆省份更是罕见。１９９２年９月１日贵州省龙里县冠山饭店承办宴席６桌，随即发生多人中毒并死亡１人。后经调查，证实是一起溶藻弧菌引...     

不同来源的副溶血性弧菌定性定量分析及毒素基因检测

目的研究受污染海产品、海产品养殖水及食物中毒临床分离的副溶血性弧菌的生化特性、种特异性基因片段检测方法的应用和毒素基因携带情况。方法66株副溶血性弧菌采用全自动微生物鉴定、MPN值定量、氯化物含量(离子色谱法)、R72H基因片段和tdh、trh毒素基因PCR检测等方法进行研究。结果定性定量分析方面,98.5%的菌株不发酵阿拉伯糖;牡蛎样本MPN值均为≥24000/100g,并检出2株携带trh毒素基因;23/30份养殖水检出副溶血性弧菌,其中海丰监测点6份阳性水样的氯化物含量均值仅为3160mg/L,显著低于实验室培养的30g/L的含量。基因检测方面,VITEK鉴定R72H基因片段结果与检测相符;13株食物中毒临床分离株均携带tdh毒素基因;6.7%的海产品分离株、15.4%食物中毒临床来源株同时携带两种毒素基因。结论通过从海产品和养殖水的检出情况以及分离株的生化特性、毒素基因资料,为副溶血性弧菌食物中毒溯源提供重要的数据源。     

副溶血性弧菌分离鉴定方法的改进(Ⅰ)

副溶血性弧菌为引起食物中毒的主要病原菌之一。自五十年代日本首次发现此菌以来,该菌已引起各国学者高度重视,研究成果甚多,尤其是对其耐盐性及是否分解蔗糖产酸等生物学特性有了全面、深入的认识。普遍认为蔗糖与耐盐性不能作为区分该菌与溶藻性弧菌的绝对指标。若仅根据蔗糖阴性挑选可疑菌落,则将漏掉蔗糖阳性的副溶血性     

食品中副溶血性弧菌toxR和tdh基因双色荧光PCR检测方法的建立

目的 建立对副溶血性弧菌（Vibrio parahaemolyticus）特异性检测toxR（跨膜转录激活蛋白）基因和tdh（热稳定性直接溶血素）毒力基因的Taqman探针双色荧光PCR检测方法。方法 根据副溶血性弧菌toxR基因和tdh基因,分别设计引物和探针,建立Taqman探针双色荧光PCR扩增体系,进行特异性、灵敏度试验;对副溶血性弧菌分离菌株实施检测,了解其tdh基因和tdh基因分布情况。结果 结果表明,副溶血性弧菌标准菌株和3株从食物中毒患者中分离获得的分离株均出现toxR基因和tdh扩增曲线,而溶藻弧菌、单增李斯特菌等31株弧菌属其他菌株和肠杆菌科的菌株未见扩增曲线。从食品中分离的37株副溶血性弧菌分离株均未携带tdh毒力基因。副溶血性弧菌检测灵敏度可达到3.6×102 cfu/mL。结论 该方法可用于同时检测食品中副溶血性弧菌的特异性和毒力基因。     

动物性海产品中溶藻弧菌检验方法的初探

试验通过总结国内外动物性海产品中溶藻弧菌的研究进展和监测方法,以10%氯化钠碱胨水(APW)和弧菌显色为培养基,经过分离和培养溶藻弧菌,创建动物海产品溶藻弧菌检验方式,进一步监测动物海产品及食品中毒样本中溶藻弧菌,促使动物海产品安全性和品质的提高。     

海产品中溶藻弧菌的分离及多种方法鉴定效果的比较

目的了解北京市市售海产品中溶藻弧菌的污染情况,并对使用不同方法鉴定溶藻弧菌的效果进行比较。方法样品经碱性蛋白胨水增菌后,分别于硫代硫酸盐柠檬酸盐胆盐蔗糖(TCBS)琼脂培养基和科玛嘉弧菌显色培养基上划线培养,实时荧光聚合酶链式反应(PCR)法鉴定可疑菌落。以rpoB基因测序方法为参考,比较了实时荧光PCR和VITEK两种方法的鉴定效果。结果对北京市水产品市场随机采集的116份海产品进行了检测,实时荧光PCR法鉴定出溶藻弧菌阳性样品95份,检出率高达82%。使用科玛嘉弧菌显色培养基的检出率高于TCBS培养基,分别为82%(95/116)和72%(83/116)。经rpoB基因核苷酸序列测定确定95株疑似菌株为溶藻弧菌。采用VITEK 2 COMPACT GN鉴定卡对这95株菌株进行鉴定,31株鉴定为溶藻弧菌,其余未能得到准确的鉴定结果。结论北京市市售海产品中溶藻弧菌检出率高。科玛嘉弧菌显色培养基比TCBS琼脂培养基更适于溶藻弧菌的分离,实时荧光PCR法的鉴定效果优于VITEK法。     

Sau-PCR和AILP技术对一起副溶血弧菌引起食物中毒的分型研究

运用Sau-PCR和扩增基因间片断多态性(AILP)两种基因分型技术对副溶血弧菌进行分析.对广州一起由副溶血弧菌引起的食物中毒进行常规鉴定后,应用Sau-PCR和AILP技术对分离到的3株菌株进行分型,结果1株人源分离菌与2株食源分离菌的Sau-PCR型别和AILP型别均相同.表明此次食物中毒爆发为同一株副溶血弧菌引起.Sau-PCR和AILP技术作为两种新的分子分型技术,具有快速、稳定、准确、高分辨力和低成本的优点,可以作为食物中毒中对细菌进行鉴定的分析技术,为流行病学调查和溯源提供可靠依据.     

溶藻弧菌噬菌体Va2001的分离鉴定及其应用

为了开发水产品中溶藻弧菌的生物清除剂,以溶藻弧菌为宿主菌,从锦州市水产品市场、农贸市场、笔架山海域、超市及葫芦岛市某水产养殖场、鞍山市某养殖场等地方采集了约60份海产品及其养殖环境污水,应用双层平板法从中分离纯化获得1株烈性噬菌体,命名为Va2001。对Va2001的裂解谱、最佳感染复数（optimal multiplicity of infection）、一步生长曲线、温度和pH的稳定性等生物学特征进行了研究,并在牡蛎感染模型中测定了噬菌体对溶藻弧菌的清除效果。结果表明,该噬菌体Va2001属于有尾噬菌体目(Caudovirales),短尾噬菌体科（Podoviridae）,Va2001的裂解谱较窄,裂解率为32%,最佳感染复数为0.0001,潜伏期约为20 min,裂解期为100 min,平均裂解量为274 PFU/cell;在4~60 ℃、pH4~9范围内活性稳定。以牡蛎为感染模型的净化实验结果显示,噬菌体Va2001能够抑制养殖环境中溶藻弧菌的增长,降低牡蛎体内溶藻弧菌的含量;当养殖时间延长至72 h时,实验组中溶藻弧菌的数量降低约2个数量级。本研究的结果表明噬菌体Va2001具有良好的应用前景,可以作为海产品中溶藻弧菌的新型生物清除剂。     

Review of techniques to manufacture micro-hydrogel particles for the food industry and their applications

Microgels are ‘soft’ microscopic cross-linked polymeric particles that are being increasingly exploited in a variety of industries for rheology control, encapsulation and targeted delivery. They are valued because of the ability to tune their functionality to address specific applications in oil recovery, coatings, drug delivery, cosmetics, personal care and foods. Food microgels are typically biopolymer hydrogels in the form of microspheres, nanospheres (also called nanogels), spheroids and fibres. The utilisation of engineered microgels in foods has so far been limited, despite their great potential to address several needs in the food industry, including: satiety control, encapsulation of phytonutrients and prebiotics, texture control for healthier food formulations (e.g. reduced fat products), and targeting delivery to specific areas in the digestive tract. We review the scientific and patent literature on the utilisation and manufacturing methods for producing microgels with an emphasis on micro-hydrogels for food applications.     

12—A CRITIQUE OF SOME HYPOTHESES RELATING TO THE HETEROGENEITY OF THE HIGH-SULPHUR PROTEINS OF WOOL

Joubert and Burns prepared a large number of fractions from the high-sulphur proteins of wool and estimated their molecular weights and amino-acid compositions. Their data have been re-examined in order to look for statistically significant interrelations between amino acids and between the proportion of various amino acids and molecular weight. Statistical analysis of the data is also used to examine the credibility of some hypotheses concerning the mechanism of keratin biosynthesis and to provide further evidence for the existence of families of proteins within the high-sulphur fractions of wool.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of     

The Latest Data about Development of Chinese Printing Industry in 2013

In the 2014 China（Shanghai）International Printing Week,Director Wang Yanbin released the latest data about development of Chinese printing industry in 2013.According to statistics,in 2013,the total output value of Chinese printing industry exceeded 1trillion Yuan for the first time,reaching 1.03985 trillion Yuan.There were 105,000 printing enterprises in China,employees were 3.415 million.The total asset was 1.06247 trillion Yuan;     

The State Council Issued "Directory of Government Approved Investment Projects(2013 Edition)"

正On December 2nd,2013,the State Council issued the notification of"Directory of Government Approved Investment Projects(2013 Edition)"(hereafter referred to as"notification").It is pointed out in the"notification"that in order to further deepen reforms in investment systems and administrative examination and approval systems,simplify administrative procedures and delegate powers to lower levels,earnestly     

Top Ten News of China's Paper Industry 2013

On December 24th, 2013, the meeting on the selection of top 10 news of China＇s paper industry 2013 sponsored by 〈China Paper Newsletters〉 was held in Beijing. The yearly selection of the top l0 news, which began in 2000, has become a brand activity widely recognized in the industry thanks to the support from the authorities at all levels and public participation.     

National Development and Reform Commission Issued Announcement for Selection of Major Preliminary Research Projects for the "13~(th) Five-Year Plan"

In Apri Commi major p Plan＂ （h 2014, the National Development and Reform ssion issued an announcement for selection of reliminary research projects for the ＂13th Five-Year ereafter referred to as ＂The Announcement＂）     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the latest scientific     

China textile machinery: taking off in progress

正Among the 1600 exhibitors who take apart in the ITMA ASIA+CITME2014 2/3 are Chinese manufactures.If the numerous figures failed to attract your attention,the increase of quality should draw your focus.To adopt the demand of developing textile machine market,domestic textile machinery enterprises now follow the slogan of"technology drives development"to enhance product competitiveness.Our domestic sellers will showcase product ranging from spinning,weaving,dyeing and printing,     

Anti-mutagenic compounds from corn

In previous studies with aflatoxin-contaminated corn an uncharacteristic response for AFB₁ in the Salmonella/microsomal mutagenicity assay (Ames test) was observed and the presence of anti-aflatoxin factors in the corn was suggested. In the current study, corn was extracted and fractionated using thin layer chromatography (TLC) using different developing solvent systems and the Ames test was used to monitor for anti-mutagenic activity in the corn fractions. Both Salmonella tester strains TA98 and TA100 with metabolic activation (S9) were used. Several corn fractions, at different stages in the isolation and purification process, showed anti-mutagenic dose-responses when exposed to pure AFB₁. Corn extracts were non-toxic to the tester strains and TLC fractions that showed the best anti-mutagenic dose-responses were selected for further partial characterization analyses.