有感于中国童装

通过本刊童装调查，我们了解到中国童装市场的巨大潜力以及中国童装设计的重要性和面临的困惑。中国缺少童装设计师，童装设计师品牌尚处雏形。童装设计不仅是童装品牌发展之根本，更是对中国儿童的责任。基于此，我们请广东设计师协会主席刘洋，中国知名童装品牌“派克兰帝”设计总监蔡玉翠，中国首推童装设计师品牌“莎娃”首席设计师刘莎．Jae从不同角度阐述了童装设计，希望能唤起行业对童装设计的重视。[编者按]     

浅析我国童装品牌的市场细分策略

一、中国童装业迅猛发展 中国童装业目前被誉为服装界的朝阳产业,之所以有这样的赞誉,与近几年童装业在我国的迅猛发展分不开.在我国,0～16岁的儿童有3.8亿人,约占全国总人口的1/4,这一庞大数量成为我国童装业发展迅猛的必要前提.     

“童”一片“蓝海”

日前,中国服装协会举办了第六届“中国十大童装品牌”评选活动、第六届中国国际儿童时尚周、2023年中国童装行业大会等一系列活动,再一次将行业目光聚焦到童装领域。中国童装产业在近年来得到了快速发展。随着中国家庭生活水平的提高,父母们更加重视孩子的生活品质和个性表达,这促使童装市场不断扩大。随着国家生育政策的调整,儿童鞋服成为鞋服行业中增长较快的赛道之一。     

基于性别意识培养的仿生童装设计研究

自"全面二孩"政策实施以来,我国儿童数量呈现出逐年上升的趋势,庞大的儿童人口为童装市场提供了强有力的保障。仿生童装具有娱乐、教育、益智等功能,服装是儿童的性别标识,合理的仿生设计可以引导儿童形成正确的性别角色观,促进儿童性别稳定性的形成。研究对象是0～6岁的儿童,首先对儿童的性别意识和身体发育规律进行分析;其次探究了仿生童装对儿童性别意识培养的影响;最后基于儿童性别意识培养,结合实例对仿生童装的色彩、图案、廓形设计进行了相关分析。     

童装设计中装饰元素的应用探究

以现代儿童服装设计与装饰元素相结合为研究主题,针对当前儿童服装市场现状下的服装风格差异性的问题,运用童装设计中的装饰元素审美特征概念研究的方法,发现目前儿童服装设计中的风格内容和发展方向的定位呈稳步升级的态势。指出国内儿童服装品牌要从童装设计流行趋势中设计其装饰元素。还从童装市场现状、童装品牌风格和流行趋势等方面总结了儿童服装中装饰元素风格的应用,为我国童装市场的发展方向提供构思和设计参考,并结合当下童装设计进行传承发展,以提高童装品牌的竞争力。指出儿童的服装设计应该更全面的适应当下消费者的需要和市场流行趋势的变换。     

浅析当代儿童服饰图案“抽象化”对其智力发育的影响

目前,童装设计越来越朝着“成人化”的趋势发展,对此很多人都有不同的看法,实际上童装“成人化”不利于儿童的身心健康发展,而且也会潜移默化的影响儿童的价值观、人生观、创造力以及想象力等,不利于儿童的个性发展以及社会交往。本文主要分析了童装图案“成人化”对于儿童身心发展的不良影响,并且提出了几点对童装图案设计的建议。     

童装消费新概念

儿童无比欢娱的节日到了，在服装消费市场中向来低调的童装消费也开始出现少见的热闹场面。人们发现，面对各种童装品牌，如今一些高价位的国外童装越来越受到家长们的光顾，童装消费也逐渐走向了高消费。[编者按]     

浅析现代童装市场的成人化现象及其对童装设计的启示

童装成人化,顾名思义就是根据成人的服装设计风格,直接把成人服装中的流行要素或设计元素,运用到童装的设计当中,即把童装当做成人服装的缩小版。但是从设计的角度来讲,童装成人化并不仅仅等于成人服装的直接缩小版,因为儿童和成人的思维方式、审美习惯、心理特点等是截然不同的,结合儿童的身体特征和心理特征以及当下服装的流行趋势,从款式、材料、色彩、细节等方面出发,以期设计出符合儿童心理和生理的时尚成人化童装。     

浅谈童装装饰设计"成人风"现象

以成人风元素风格与儿童服装装饰设计相结合为研究主题,针对当前服装市场中的童装受外来成人风影响的问题,运用童装设计中的装饰风格艺术理念研究的方法,发现目前儿童服装对于接受成人风风格的设计呈现上升趋势,但对成人风中可适用元素认知度不够,男童女童服装风格分类不清晰。指出了国内童装在追求成人风过程中要选出更加适合儿童的服装装饰设计。结合实例,从图案、色彩、款式的运用总结了成人风影响下儿童服装装饰设计途径。得出童装设计应该更全面地适应当下消费者的需要,同时在大环境下的流行趋势中寻求适合国人儿童穿着的服装,为我国童装企业的发展提供参考。     

浅析童装图案设计中的益智元素

童装图案琳琅满目,多姿多彩,很多知名品牌的童装都把童装图案的益智元素作为重要的开发内容。益智元素主要有认识世界、懂得道理、开动脑筋和走进自然等几个方向,从不同的角度让儿童在童装里感受到童年的快乐,开拓视野,以儿童的眼光发现世界的美丽。现从童装不同年龄段的益智图案表述入手,探索了童装益智图案的表现形式和意义;找出了目前我国童装益智图案的不足之处和解决途径。     

二氢吡啶对肉仔鸡生产性能及对尿素氮、甲状腺激素的影响

选用1日龄AA肉用雏鸡300只,随机分成5组。采用单因子试验设计方法。试验日粮按二氢吡啶添加水平的不同分为5个不同的处理组,即二氢吡啶添加水平为0(对照组)、50、100、150和200mg/kg。试验结果表明,二氢吡啶添加水平为100和150mg/kg时均能显著提高日增重、饲料转化率(P<0.05);添加水平为50、150和200mg/kg时血清中尿素氮(BUN)含量与对照组相比分别下降了20.30%、26.80%和25.26%,并达到差异显著(P<0.05)。血清中三碘甲腺原氨酸(T3)、四碘甲腺原氨酸(T4)和胰岛素(INS)含量各处理组间差异不显著(P>0.05);但二氢吡啶添加水平为100和150mg/kg的处理组T3含量比对照组分别提高了26.50%和37.61%,T4含量比对照组分别下降了34.53%和40.22%。     

Effects of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilisers on yield and on inorganic and organic composition of italian ryegrass grown on phosphorus-deficient soil

Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) S22, grown in a greenhouse in phosphorus-deficient soil in pots was given 40 and 160 mg N/kg of soil (as ammonium nitrate) and 5, 25 and 100 mg P/kg of soil (as calcium tetrahydrogen diorthophosphate). Giving more nitrogen increased yields only when adequate phosphorus was applied. A significant response to added phosphorus was obtained when ryegrass dry matter contained about 0.15% P or less. Nitrogen increased the amount of sugars but decreased that of fructosan. Phosphorus increased the production of both sugars and fructosan. Protein N (expressed as a percentage of total N) increased with increasing amounts of phosphorus given. The largest values for protein N were obtained when grass contained about 0.3 % P in the dry matter. In phosphorus-deficient grass nitrate-N accumulated and the predominant compounds within the free amino acid fraction were asparagine and glutamine. Adding phosphorus decreased the concentrations of both nitrate-N and the amides. The amino acid composition of the grass protein was not affected by the nitrogen and phosphorus treatments.     

22°晕和近假日的折射─衍射理论的探讨

简述了２２°晕和近假日的折射理论，论证了“三日同晖”不是正弦光栅衍射形成的，提出了２２°晕和近假日的折射─衍射理论．     

葡萄酒成分分析与质量研究

通过对１９种葡萄酒的主要成分及其感官质量的分析评价，结果显示：葡萄酒中除含有糖、酒、酸、单宁、多酚外，还含有丰富的氨基酸、维生素Ｃ、矿物质及多种微量香味成分，其含量及感官质量因酒种及来源的不同而有所差异。在分析的基础上探讨了影响葡萄酒质量的主要因素，提出了提高国产葡萄酒质量的技术工艺措施；并建议加强对葡萄酒香味成分的分析研究，建立新的葡萄酒质量评价体系。     

油脂营养成分及其对肠道健康影响的研究进展北大核心CSCD

油脂是人体最主要的营养物质之一,其消化吸收主要发生在肠道,而肠道内存在种类繁多的菌群,可以直接参与人体的消化吸收、脂质代谢、能量供应等。油脂的消化吸收可能与多种代谢紊乱和肠道疾病、糖尿病、肥胖等慢性疾病存在联系,而食用油脂摄入不平衡会影响肠道菌群组成和代谢,破坏肠道稳态,进而可能导致上述疾病的发生。综述了油脂的脂肪酸组成、功能性伴随成分及其对人体健康的影响,分析了近年来油脂对肠道菌群组成及其代谢产物影响的研究,并对未来的研究方向进行了展望,这对进一步开展油脂营养特性及其对肠道健康影响的研究以及合理膳食保障人体健康具有积极意义。     

漂烫及硬化处理对果块品质影响及机理研究

针对果脯加工中易褐变和软化的问题,以苹果为试材,通过考察漂烫温度、漂烫时间、硬化剂对产品中VC、酶活、硬度等指标的影响,研究漂烫和硬化处理对果块的影响和机理.结果表明:漂烫温度为100℃,漂烫时间为4min,可以起到较好的抑制褐变的目的,5?Cl2溶液硬化3h可以起到较好的硬化效果.     

细菌胞外多糖构效关系及特性的研究

近年来随着糖生物学的发展，细菌胞外多糖所表现出独特的理化特性、生物学活性越来越被人们所关注。本文对目前已研究发现的细菌胞外多糖，从结构出发对构效关系、理化性质及生物学活性进行了详细阐述。并对今后细菌胞外多糖在工业应用的前景进行了展望，以期对新型细菌胞外多糖的研究与开发提供一定的理论基础。     

植物提取物用于果蔬植物防腐保鲜研究进展

致腐菌是诱发果蔬采后病害，造成果蔬腐败变质的主要原因。现对植物提取物对果蔬致腐菌的抑制作用，不同提取方法对致腐菌的抑制效果和提取物用于果蔬防腐保鲜的研究进展作一综述。     

Effects of form and amounts of nitrogen and magnesium fertilisers on the yield and on the inorganic and organic composition of italian ryegrass grown on magnesium deficient soil

Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) S22, grown in Mg-deficient soil in pots, was given 40 and 160 mg N/kg of soil as ammonium nitrate or as ammonium sulphate treated with a nitrification inhibitor and 0, 20 and 40 mg Mg/kg of soil as magnesium sulphate. Yields of grass given the larger dressing of N were greater with ammonium nitrate than with ammonium sulphate. The magnesium treatments significantly increased yields only of the third cut given the most N when concentrations of Mg in dry matter were 0.07% or less. Magnesium fertiliser had little effect on the production of reducing sugars and sucrose but markedly increased fructosan and percentages of chlorophyll in grass of the third cut given the larger dressing of N. Non-protein nitrogen was much greater with ammonium sulphate than with ammonium nitrate nutrition. With both forms of N fertiliser, this fraction accumulated in grass grown without added Mg, but it decreased when Mg-deficiency was corrected. The percentage distribution of N in the free amino acid pool varied with the form of N fertiliser and the Mg treatments. With grass given ammonium nitrate, free amino acids predominated over amides; the reverse was true for grass given ammonium sulphate. The main effect of adding Mg was to decrease glutamine and to increase the percentages of some free amino acids, especially alanine and γ-aminobutyric acid. About half of the soluble organic N in grass given ammonium nitrate was unaccounted for as amino acids and amides with all the Mg treatments; this N fraction was much less in grass given ammonium sulphate, but it increased with increasing magnesium fertiliser.     

The influence of diet and time on feed on carcass traits and quality

Seventy-two Simmental-sired steer calves (approximately 8 months old) were randomly assigned to one of two pre-finishing dietary treatments (low energy or high energy). Energy intake was monitored to produce average daily gains of approximately 0·41 (low energy) or 0·68 (high energy) kg during a 6-month growth interval. At 14 months of age the steers were assigned to four finishing (time on feed) groups—0, 56, 112 or 168 days. Steers assigned to the 0-day group received their respective pre-finishing diets from 14 to 20 months of age. The other groups received a finishing diet for the final 56, 112 or 168 days of the experiment. All steers were slaughtered at 20 months. Steers backgrounded on high energy diets produced heavier (P < 0·01), fatter (P < 0·01) carcasses with higher (P < 0·01) marbling scores and quality grades and LD steaks with greater (P < 0·05) ease of fragmentation, less (P < 0·05) detectable connective tissue and higher (P < 0·05) tenderness ratings as compared to steers on low energy diets. After 112 days on feed, quality grades were similar for high energy and low energy steers; however, tenderness ratings still favored the high energy treatment. Increased time on feed was associated with higher quality grades, but only within the low energy treatment group. Additionally, tenderness of LD steaks improved with increased time on feed; howver, the greatest improvement was observed from 0 to 56 days.