酶法改性微藻油脂制备功能性油脂的研究进展

多不饱和脂肪酸是一类对人体健康有益的生物活性物质,微藻油脂富含多不饱和脂肪酸,是天然可食用的潜在油源。利用微藻油脂开发制备型功能性油脂,替代动植物天然功能性油脂,不仅可提高天然功能性油脂的品质,解决供应问题,而且有望得到新的功能性油脂制品。对酶法制备功能性油脂的方法、常见微藻的油脂含量及其油脂的脂肪酸组成进行综述,并对酶法改性微藻油脂制备富含多不饱和脂肪酸的单酰甘油酯、结构三酰甘油酯、功能性磷脂等功能性油脂的研究进展进行了介绍。酶法改性微藻油脂制备功能性油脂是高值化利用微藻油脂的新途径。     

中国油脂博物馆让油脂文明活起来

中国油脂博物馆（简称“油博馆”）是一座全面、系统、真实记录我国油料油脂的文明史、制油史,弘扬我国悠久油脂文化,宣介现代辉煌油脂科技成果的博物馆。简略介绍了油博馆的总体情况,详细介绍了其建设历程。油博馆筹建于2016年,在全国油脂界、中国粮油学会油脂分会和武汉轻工大学的共同努力下,于2021年10月1日正式开馆。油博馆有古代油脂、近代油脂工业发展、油脂行业名家名人、油脂分会发展沿革、油脂名校名企、油脂标准、油脂科普、国家油脂安全等八大展区,以及一个临展区,每个展区均有丰富的藏品及相关油脂文化的展陈品。     

微生物发酵产油脂的研究进展

微生物发酵产生油脂是开拓油脂新资源的一条好途径。简要地介绍了产生油脂微物生资源的探索,微生物发酵产生油脂的优点,特种油脂的功能,培养条件等因素对微生物产生油脂的影响及微生物产生油脂过程中的生化研究     

油脂及相关食品的安全性问题与对策

针对当前国内外关注的食品安全问题,对油脂及相关食品的安全性问题,从油脂内因、油脂加热、油脂原料、油脂产品加工以及油脂食品添加剂等5个方面进行了分析总结。以期引起业界及相关管理部门对油脂安全性问题的重视。     

中国油脂科学技术学科现状与发展

油脂科学技术学科是以油脂及脂类伴随物,植物蛋白及相关产物的化学与物理性质研究,油脂及植物蛋白的加工技术、综合利用技术、工程装备技术以及所依托的科学理论方面的研究为其基本内涵,属食品学科的一个分支学科.油脂科学技术和油脂工业相互依存,油脂科技的发展推动了油脂工业的发展,油脂工业的发展促进了油脂科学的进步.     

油脂抗氧化剂的研究进展

油脂氧化是影响油脂质量的主要因素,油脂抗氧化剂在油脂储藏和食品加工过程中起作重要的作用。综述了油脂氧化机理、油脂中天然及人工合成抗氧化剂的种类及其抗氧化效果,并提出使用天然抗氧化剂和复配抗氧化剂是油脂工业的发展趋势。     

油炸时间和温度对模拟马铃薯片油脂吸收的影响

为了研究油炸时间与温度对油炸样品的油脂吸收的影响,以马铃薯淀粉和水为原料,配制出模拟马铃薯片,以此简单体系为研究对象,采用染色油的方法来测定不同分布的油脂含量,从而得出表面油脂、表面渗透油脂、结构油脂、总油脂的含量。结果表明,样品总油脂和结构油脂含量随着油炸时间的增加而增加,表面渗透油脂含量随着时间的增加先上升后下降,而油炸时间对表面油脂的含量影响不显著。随着油炸温度的上升,总油脂含量显著增加,结构油脂含量呈现上升趋势;在180℃和200℃下,表面油脂含量之间没有显著性差异;140℃和其他温度下的表面渗透油脂含量存在显著差异。     

《中国油脂》(月刊)

国内邮发代号52-129国外发行代号M5889追踪学科发展动态报道行业最新成果关注油脂发展热点共谋油脂创新未来主要栏目:油脂加工/油料蛋白/油脂化学/油脂储藏/油脂营养/新油源/特种油脂/油脂化工/生物柴油/综合利用/实用技术/检测分析/标准规范/食品安全/节能减排/环境保护/文献     

油脂体稳定性影响因素及机理的研究进展

油脂体是植物储藏脂质的重要细胞器。近年来,随着对于油脂体研究的不断深入,人们发现由于油脂体具有天然的蛋白-磷脂界面层,使得油脂体能够分散在水相中形成水包油（O/W）乳化体系且具有很好的理化稳定性。人们开始尝试将油脂体应用于食品、饲料及个人护理产品等领域中。探究油脂体稳定性的影响因素及机理对油脂体的实际生产应用具有现实意义。油脂体结构的完整性及油脂体膜表面镶嵌的蛋白质是维持油脂体稳定性的决定因素。油脂体乳液的稳定性与油脂体的组成、提取方法、外源性蛋白质、温度、pH和盐浓度等条件有关。本文论述了油脂体的结构与组成、乳液稳定性和应用,为油脂体的研究及应用提供参考。     

油脂无氧包装工艺设计

为完善油脂抗氧化包装工艺,针对目前油脂抗氧化包装中存在的问题,提出油脂无氧包装的概念。在对油脂抗氧化包装现状分析的基础上,提出油脂抗氧化效果评价的综合指标,包括无损抗氧化、全程抗氧化、有效抗氧化,并对其内容进行了详细阐述。根据油脂抗氧化效果评价综合指标,设计油脂无氧包装工艺,并提出油脂无氧包装工艺要求。按照油脂无氧包装工艺要求,对其各工序进行工艺、结构等设计,保证油脂无氧包装工艺的可行性与可靠性。研究所提出的油脂无氧包装工艺可以最大限度地保护油脂内对人体有益的物质,且有效延长了油脂的保质期,具有一定的实用价值。     

THIOLS AND DISULPHIDES IN QUIESCENT AND GERMINATING BARLEY GRAINS,BOTH DORMANT AND MATURE

Reduced and oxidised glutathione, cysteine, cystine and traces (too small to quantify) of γ-glutamyl-cysteine and cysteinylglycine were detected, in about the same amounts, in extracts of the embryos of dormant and mature barleys. During micromalting the levels of the thiols and disulphides altered in various ways, but altered in the same ways in dormant and mature samples of grain until germination began. An early decline in the glutathione content of embryos was mirrored by a rise in the amount in degermed grains. Histochemical tests and analyses of isolated tissues showed that in the quiescent grains thiols were concentrated in the embryo (particularly the scutellum) and in the aleurone layer and isolated embryos released thiols into an incubation medium. We conclude that the endogenous thiols and disulphides are not obviously involved in the regulation of dormancy.     

不同生态条件下的烤烟硼营养研究

在我国7个主产烟省采用"统一栽培法",研究了各生态条件下烤烟营养中硼的积累与分配规律.试验结果表明,烤烟叶片、烟杈(芽)中硼含量明显高于根、茎,其含量以北方高于南方;而根、茎中硼含量正好相反.硼素的积累过程呈明显的Logistic生长曲线关系.大田生长前期南北烟区烟株中硼素积累特征基本一致,但在栽后30 d以后北方烟区烟株中积累量和积累速率远远高于南方烟区.烟株中硼素积累量占全株总积累量的比例为栽后60 d以前南方烟区高于北方烟区,以后则是北方烟区高于南方烟区.在我国南北烟区烟株含硼量(浓度)无明显的差异,但硼积累量差异明显.土壤pH、全氪和速效氮对烟株硼的积累有一定的促进作用,土壤有机质升高则对烟株中硼的积累不利;平均气温、最高温度、10cm地温和日照时数与烟株硼的积累呈正相关.     

云南不同烟区烟叶中有机酸及乙醚提取挥发性成分含量研究

研究了云南省不同地区、不同品种及不同成熟度,不同部位烟叶中有机酸及乙醚提取挥发性成分含量.经分析得出,红河地区的烟叶有机酸含量较高,昆明、大理地区较低,但挥发性成分含量相反,大理地区最高,红河地区较低,玉溪、楚雄、昆明居中.评吸得分玉溪、大理地区烟叶相对好于其它地区.品种中以V2的有机酸含量最高,NC82的有机酸含量最低,挥发性成分含量相反,NC82较高,V2较低,云烟85、K326、红花大金元居中.初熟和适熟烟叶中有较高的挥发性成分含量,有机酸含量也较稳定,未熟和过熟烟叶中有机酸和挥发性成分依品种而定.对不同部位的烟叶,上部烟叶有较高的挥发性成分含量,中、下部烟叶次之,有机酸含量则中部叶最高,上、下部叶次之.     

Accumulation and distribution of cadmium and lead in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grown in contaminated soils from the oasis, north-west China

BACKGROUND: Crops grown in soils contaminated by heavy metals are an important avenue for toxic metals entering the human food chain. The objectives of our study were to investigate the accumulation and distribution of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) in wheat plants cultivated in arid soils spiked with different doses of heavy metal, as well as bioavailability of these metals in the contaminated arid soils from the oasis, north‐west China. RESULTS: The concentrations of Cd in the roots of wheat plants were about 5, 14 and 8 times higher than those in the shoots, shells and grains, respectively. The concentrations of Pb in the roots were about 23, 76 and 683 times higher than those in the shoots, shells and grains, respectively. Grains contained 11–14% and 0.1–0.2% of Cd and Pb found in roots of wheat plants. The bioconcentration factor (BCF) is the ratio of metal concentration in plant tissues and metal concentration in their rooted soils. The average BCF of Cd and Pb in grains was 0.6270 and 0.0007. Cd and Pb contents in different parts of wheat plants mainly correlated with the bound‐to‐carbonate metal fractions in contaminated arid soils. CONCLUSION: The preliminary study indicated that Cd and Pb were predominantly accumulated and distributed in wheat roots and shoots, and only a small proportion of these metals can reach the grains. The carbonate fractions mainly contributed to Cd and Pb bioavailability in contaminated arid soils. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry     

枸杞成熟与干制过程中多糖积累的蛋白质组学 研究进展

随着后基因组时代的到来,蛋白质组学越来越广泛地应用到生命科学领域,目前主要应用于医学、生物学、植物学,近些年在食品科学方面也进行了相关研究。应用蛋白质组学在植物生长发育和成熟衰老方面的研究比较常见,但在加工环节中的应用并不多见。该方法能通过研究植物体相关蛋白质而在本质上动态地揭示植物从生长发育到成熟衰老过程的机制,为研究枸杞果实成熟及干制过程中多糖积累提供了新的思路和理论支撑。本文综述了枸杞果实成熟及干制过程中多糖积累的研究进展,简单介绍蛋白质组学、蛋白质组学的研究技术及其在植物及加工环节中的研究进展,并展望蛋白质组学技术在枸杞果实成熟及干制过程中多糖积累的研究前景,为今后蛋白质组学的应用与发展提供一定的参考和理论依据。     

烘烤期间带茎采收的烤烟顶部叶某些生理生化特性变化

为进一步探讨烤烟顶部叶带茎采收烘烤的生理生化机制,对烤烟顶部叶带茎采收烘烤和不带茎采收烘烤的色素含量、淀粉酶、多酚氧化酶(PPO)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性及丙二醛(MDA)含量进行了测定。结果表明,烤烟顶部叶带茎采收烘烤在变黄12~24h时的叶绿素降解速度快于不带茎采收烘烤,到定色末期时带茎采收烘烤和不带茎采收烘烤的顶部叶叶绿素含量基本相同;带茎采收烘烤与不带茎采收烘烤的顶部叶类胡萝卜素与叶绿素的比值变化趋势基本一致,但带茎采收烘烤比不带茎采收烘烤的类胡萝卜素的降解量大。带茎采收烘烤和不带茎采收烘烤的顶部叶淀粉酶活性变化规律差异较大。带茎采收烘烤的PPO活性总体上低于不带茎采收烘烤,SOD活性高于不带茎采收烘烤,POD活性和MDA含量低于不带茎采收烘烤。综合分析,烤烟顶部叶带茎采收烘烤的生理生化变化对烤后烟叶的质量形成是有利的。     

Reproductive and neurobehavioural toxicity study of chlorpropham in mice

Chlorpropham was given in the diet to provide levels of 0 (control), 500, 1,000, and 2,000mg/kg from 5 weeks of age of the F0 generation to 9 weeks of age of the F1 generation in mice, and selected reproductive and neurobehavioural parameters were measured. There were no adverse effects of chlorpropham on either litter size or litter weight and sex ratio at birth. The average body weight of offspring was significantly reduced in the middle-dose group at postnataldays (PNDs) 0 and 4 in female offspring, and was significantly increased in the middle-dose group at PND 14 in male offspring. In neurobehavioural parameters, surface righting at PND 4 was significantly affected in a dose-related manner, and negative geotaxis at PND 4 was significantly accelerated in a dose-related manner in female offspring. In male offspring, surface righting at PND 7 was significantly depressed in the middle-dose group, and olfactory orientation at PND 14 was significantly affected in the low- and middle-dose groups. The dose levels of chlorpropham in the present study produced few adverse effects in reproductive and neurobehavioural parameters in mice.     

2018~2019年深圳市米面及其制品中重金属污染状况的监测与分析

目的 调查2018~2019年深圳市米面及其制品中重金属污染状况，为监管部门制定监管措施提供参考依据, 为消费者提供消费指导。方法 在深圳市10个区采集米面及其制品，按照国家标准GB 5009. 268- - 2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中多元素的测定》对所采集的大米及米制品进行铅和镉的检测；对面及面制品进行铅、镉、总汞和总砷的检测。结果 320份米面及其制品中，4份米制品镉超标，超标率1.25%，其他监测项目均无超标，但米及其制品中镉检出率61.88%；面及其制品中镉检出率98.13%，均高于50%。不同类别样品间检出率比较无显著性差异。2018年和2019年米及米制品的铅和镉检出率比较发现，铅、镉2两年检出率差异均具有显著性（P<0.05）。而面及面制品2两年4个监测项目的检出率差异均无统计学意义。结论 当前深圳市米面及其制品中铅、镉、总汞和总砷等金属污染状况依然存在，其中镉污染情况较为普遍，具有一定的食品安全隐患，应该引起重视，加强监管。     

花生中重金属含量的影响因素及其来源

为分析花生中重金属含量的影响因素及其来源,进行产地及品种田间模型试验,采集花生、土壤及降水样品,测定样品中7种重金属的含量。结合单因素方差分析、多因素方差分析和Pearson相关性分析,解析产地、品种及其交互作用对花生中重金属含量的影响,探究重金属含量与种源土壤和降水中重金属含量的关系。结果显示,花生中Ni、Cd和Tl含量的变化主要受地域的影响;As含量的变化主要受地域×品种交互作用的影响;Cr、Sb和Pb含量的变化受其它因素影响较大。花生中As、Sb和Pb的含量与土壤和降水中相关元素的含量没有显著相关性;Cd和Ni含量与土壤和降水均呈现显著相关;Cr和Tl含量与土壤中相关元素含量显著相关。研究表明花生中重金属含量受产地和品种的影响,重金属的来源不仅有土壤和降水,可能还有农药和肥料等其它来源。     

Cell proliferation, apoptosis, and B- and T-lymphocytes in Peyer's patches of the ileum, in thymus and in lymph nodes of preterm calves, and in full-term calves at birth and on day 5 of life

Peyer's patches, thymus, and lymph nodes contain the majority of lymphocytes. We have studied proliferation rates, apoptosis rates, and numbers of B- and T-lymphocytes in Peyer's patches in ileum, thymus, and mesenterial and prescapular lymph nodes (LM and LP) in unfed preterm calves (GrP; born 13 d before expected normal term after dams were injected with prostaglandin F2alpha and glucocorticoids) and normal-term calves (GrF) immediately after birth and on d 5 of life after feeding colostrum for 4 d (GrC). Immunohistochemical methods in conjunction with incorporation of 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine or terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated X-dUTP nick end labeling were used to evaluate cell proliferation rates and apoptosis rates, respectively. The number of T- and B-lymphocytes was determined with monoclonal antibodies directed against CD3 and CD79, respectively. In GrF compared with GrP, there were higher numbers of proliferating and apoptotic cells in LM and LP, of B-lymphocytes in paracortex and follicles of LM and LP, and of proliferating cells in cortex and medulla of thymus. In thymus cortex and medulla, numbers of proliferating cells were higher in GrC than in GrF. Apoptotic rates were generally smaller at all sites of Peyer's patches in GrC than in GrF, and proliferation rates increased from GrP to GrF in intrafollicular areas and from GrF to GrC in all tissues. Numbers of T-lymphocytes in Peyer's patches were higher in GrF than in GrP, but lower in GrC than in GrF, except in the domes. Numbers of B-lymphocytes did not change in Peyer's patches despite high proliferation and low apoptotic rates, suggesting that they leave Peyer's patches during the first days of life. In conclusion, proliferation and apoptosis rates and numbers of B- and T- lymphocytes in Peyer's patches in ileum, thymus, and LM and LP exhibited different developmental changes and were affected by feeding.