蚕蛹油超临界二氧化碳萃取研究

以蚕蛹为原料,采用正交试验,研究萃取温度、萃取时间、萃取压力等因素对超临界CO2萃取蚕蛹油影响。确定蚕蛹油超临界CO2萃取条件,即萃取温度35℃,萃取时间2h,萃取压力25MPa。     

超临界CO2萃取蚕蛹油工艺条件的研究

本研究采用超临界CO2萃取技术,通过正交试验确定了萃取蚕蛹油的最佳工艺条件为:萃取压力25MPa,萃取温度35℃,萃取时间3h,在此工艺条件下萃取蚕蛹油的提取率达95.99%。     

超临界CO2萃取黑胡椒精油的研究

研究了CO2流量、萃取压力、萃取时间和萃取温度四个因素对黑胡椒精油超临界CO2萃取的影响,以黑胡椒精油得率为指标,通过正交试验方法优选了萃取条件.结果表明:黑胡椒精油最佳萃取条件为:CO2流量22 kg/h、萃取压力34 MPa、萃取时间140 min、萃取温度38℃,此条件下黑胡椒精油的得率为7.02％.     

超临界CO2和微波萃取核桃油的比较研究

通过超临界CO2萃取核桃油的正交实验和微波萃取核桃油的均匀设计实验,考察影响核桃油萃取的主要因素,寻求最佳萃取工艺条件.研究结果表明,超临界CO2萃取的最佳工艺条件为:萃取压力35 MPa,萃取温度45℃,萃取时间2.5 h,分离温度50℃,CO2流量25 kg/h;在此条件下油脂得率为59.2%.微波萃取最佳工艺条件为:以环己烷为萃取剂,溶料比为3.5:1(W/W),微波功率735 W,每次微波辐射时间60 s,微波辐射累计时间6 min,在此条件下得率为60.4%.比较了不同提取方法对油脂得率和油脂品质的影响.结果表明,微波萃取油脂得率最高,时间最短;超临界CO2萃取的核桃油品质最优,是萃取优质核桃油的首选方法.     

超临界CO2流体萃取沙姜油的工艺研究

沙姜油是一种具有多种生理功能的天然有效成分,在食品、医药等上都有广泛的应用.超临界CO2流体萃取是一种利用CO2在超临界状态下具有高渗透力和高溶解能力,并且对产品无溶剂污染、绿色环保、易于操作的萃取技术.本论文以沙姜为原料,研究了超临界CO2流体萃取沙姜油的工艺条件,考察了原料的颗粒度、萃取压力、萃取时间、萃取温度和CO2流量对沙姜油的率的影响.通过单因素实验和正交实验确定了超临界CO2流体萃取最佳工艺条件:萃取压力为22MPa,萃取温度为50℃,萃取时间为3.5h,CO2流量为40kg/h,沙姜油的得率可达为10.12%.     

超临界CO2萃取肉桂精油的初步研究

文章研究了CO2流量、萃取压力、萃取时间和萃取温度四个因素对肉桂精油超临界CO2萃取的影响,以肉桂精油得率为指标,采用正交试验方法优选了萃取条件.结果表明:肉桂精油最佳萃取条件为,CO2流量为20 kg/h、萃取压力25 MPa、萃取时间2.5 h、萃取温度45℃,此条件下肉桂精油的得率为3.8%.     

超临界CO2萃取苦瓜籽油工艺的研究

研究了超临界CO2萃取苦瓜籽油的工艺.通过正交试验考察了萃取压力、萃取温度、物料粒度、CO2流量和萃取时间对苦瓜籽油萃取得率的影响,得到最佳萃取工艺条件为:萃取压力30 MPa、萃取温度42℃、物料粒度60 目、CO2流量12 kg/h、萃取时间130 min,在此条件下,苦瓜籽油萃取得率达到36.28 %.     

超临界CO2流体萃取香榧油的工艺优化

以香榧种仁为原料,研究超临界CO2流体萃取香榧油的工艺条件。利用单因素实验与正交实验进行优化,得到最佳工艺参数为:萃取压力30MPa,萃取温度40℃,CO2流量25L/h,萃取时间3h。在此条件下香榧油得率为47.19%。各因素对香榧油得率的影响次序为:萃取压力>萃取温度>萃取时间>CO2流量。     

超临界CO2萃取黄粉虫油脂的工艺研究

以黄粉虫幼虫为原料进行采用超临界CO2技术对黄粉虫油脂的提取工艺进行研究。通过单因素实验探讨了萃取压力、温度、时间3个参数对黄粉虫油脂得率的影响,然后通过正交实验确定了黄粉虫油脂的最佳提取条件。实验结果表明,萃取时间对黄粉虫油得率影响最大,其次是萃取压力和萃取温度。黄粉虫油脂超临界CO2萃取最佳条件为：萃取时间60min、萃取压力35MPa、萃取温度60℃。     

超临界CO2萃取杭白菊挥发油的工艺研究

采用超临界CO2 技术萃取杭白菊挥发油,以杭白菊挥发油得率为指标,采用正交试验考察萃取温度、萃取压力、CO2 流量、萃取时间4 个因素对杭白菊挥发油的超临界CO2 流体萃取的影响。结果表明萃取压力20MPa、萃取温度55℃、CO2 流量10kg/h 的条件下萃取2h 为最佳工艺,杭白菊挥发油得率达5.92%。     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

The Ministry of Environmental Protection Issued "Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Control in Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry (Trial)" and Two Other Guiding Technical Documents

On December 27t＂, 2013, the Ministry of Environmenta Protection announced that, in order to implement ＂The Environmental Protection Law of the People＇ s Republic of China＂, improve the working system in environmenta protection technologies, and promote technologica advancement in pollution prevention, the Ministry of Environmental Protection sponsored the formulation of three guiding technical documents including ＂Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Contro n Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry （Trial）＂     

1~(st) Intelli-Tissue~ EcoEc Tissue Machine Supplied by PMP Group Successfully Put into Operation in China

正On April 29th,2014,Intelli-Tissue EcoEc tissue machine supplied by PMP Group successfully put into operation at Hebei Xuesong Paper Co.,Ltd.,this is the first such kind of paper machine of PMP Group in China.