胶鞋耐渗水性能试验技术现状和发展趋势

一、鞋类产品物理机械性能检测现状物理机械性能试验是借助仪器设备进行定量测试来检验鞋的内在质量的试验方法。目前国内对鞋的质量考核指标主要控制鞋底的质量。有整鞋的物理机械性能和鞋底材料的物理机械性能试验。１．整鞋物理机械性能试验整鞋物理机械性能试验主要有...     

提高玉米醇溶蛋白膜机械性能的研究进展

玉米醇溶蛋白膜的阻隔性能强于其他植物蛋白膜,但机械性能较差,使其应用受到了限制.影响玉米醇溶蛋白膜机械性能的主要因素有成膜液中各组分性质、制膜工艺及贮藏条件等.通过添加增塑剂、交联剂和改进成膜工艺,可提高玉米醇溶蛋白膜的机械性能.     

食品包装塑料薄膜的机械性能及检测方法研究

柔软的塑料薄膜适用于各种各样的包装,食品包装材料的机械性能是产品在包装之后对产品进行保护的最基本性能,可以防止包装的破损与泄漏。本文阐述了食品包装塑料薄膜的主要机械性能,包括拉伸性能、剥离性能、热合性能、撕裂性能、冲击性能以及穿刺性能,并介绍了主要的食品包装塑料薄膜的机械性能检测方法,为食品包装技术的研究和新产品的开发提供参考。     

带有加强筋的填充袋的开发

根据国际上先进填充袋的发展方向及目前各应用厂家的实际应用要求 ,我们开发了带有高强涤纶工业丝加强筋的填充袋 ,并对其物理机械性能进行测试、分析 ,得出了其组织结构对机械性能的影响规律。     

不同粘结纤维增强芳纶纸对比研究

对位芳纶纤维具有的刚性分子链结构以及表面化学惰性导致其成纸机械性能较差。研究发现:添加粘结纤维与对位芳纶纤维进行配抄,经热压后可较好地改善成纸机械性能。添加间位芳纶沉析纤维和聚酯纤维均可提升纸张物理机械性能,但聚酯纤维增强效果较好,当聚酯纤维含量为20%左右时,经热压后纸张物理机械性能有较大幅度提升。     

软包装及塑料薄膜机械性能检测分析

正拥有可靠的机械性能,是软包装对内装物实施最好保护的基本指标,如果软包装的机械性能不达标,在使用过程中就很容易发生破损,进而有可能发生内装物泄露的情况。所以,软包装企业在产品出厂之前会对其各项机械性能进行严格测试,而且还会考核用于软包装生产的几乎所有材料的各项机械性能指标。然而,许多企业在对软包装机械性能进行检测时,在项目的选择和标准的应用方面仍存     

基于FDM成型技术的3D打印工件机械性能及质量研究

文章主要研究FDM成型技术参数对3D打印工件整体质量和机械性能的影响,文章分析了FDM工艺参数对工件质量和机械性能的影响,探讨导致工件机械性能和质量下降的主要原因,并结合试验找出FDM成型技术对工件质量影响的变化规律,同时针对存在的问题,提出解决工件成型质量问题的方案,进而达到提高工件成型效率和加工质量的目的。     

铜基金刚石锯片胎体组织及性能的研究

770℃烧结的胎体机械性能明显高于690℃的胎体,保温9min的胎体机械性能高于保温3min的胎体。含8%WC的胎体硬度高于含4%WC的胎体,但抗弯强度与含4%WC的胎体基本相当。含18%Ni的胎体机械性能高于含8%Ni的胎体。     

耐热金属材料机械性能影响原因

本文结合笔者实践经验,深入分析了影响耐热金属材料机械性能的几种主要原因,如蠕变极限、金属材料中的化学成分以及焊条的焊接工艺等,针对这些影响原因,提出确保耐热金属材料机械性能的相关措施,旨在能给同行提供参考。     

Tencel环锭纱机械性能测试与分析

测试了Ｔｅｎｃｅｌ纤维及其成纱的机械物理性能，分析了影响成纱机械性能的因素，指出了Ｔｅｎｃｅｌ环锭纱的机械性能与成纱截面内的纤维细度，成纱捻度，梳理隔距，纤维性质等因素密切相关。     

贵州黔南地区泡制酸菜中酵母菌的分离与鉴定

采用纯培养的方法从贵州黔南地区20份自然发酵泡制酸菜中分离出115株酵母菌,通过WL培养基观察菌落特征,并结合显微细胞形态及生理生化特性,将115株酵母分为17种类型。从每种类型中挑选一株进行26S rDNA D1/D2区系列测定,通过序列分析及构建系统发育树,进行种属鉴定。结果表明：17类酵母共115株分属于11个属,其中30.43%为Kazachstania酵母、26.96%为毕赤酵母属(Pichia)、17.39%为地霉属(Geotrichum)、4.35%为假丝酵母属(Candida)、3.48%为耶罗威亚酵母属(Yarrowia)、3.48%为丝孢酵母属(Trichosporon)、3.48%为Meyerozyma酵母、2.61%为有孢汉逊酵母属(Hanseniaspora)、2.61%为Wickerhamomyces酵母、2.61%为Apiotrichum酵母、2.61%为棒孢酵母属(Clavispora)。     

Outcome of clinical mastitis in dairy heifers assessed by reexamination of cases one month after treatment

Heifers that were treated for clinical mastitis prior to parturition or within 14 d postpartum were reexamined approximately 1 mo after treatment. Clinical examination of the heifers and microbiological examination of quarter milk samples were carried out on both occasions. Of the 1000 heifers included in the study, 10.9% were culled within 28 d after treatment. Udder damage caused by mastitis was the only or main reason for culling in 96% of those heifers. In comparison, 4.5% of nonmastitic heifers from the same herds were culled within 30 d postpartum. Twenty-five percent of those heifers that were not culled at d 28 after treatment had at least one nonfunctional quarter at that time. One thousand one hundred twenty-two quarters that were clinically affected at the time of treatment were reexamined; 22% were nonfunctional, 14% were still affected by clinical mastitis, 12% had subclinical mastitis, 5% had a latent infection with coagulase-positive staphylococci or Streptococcus dysgalactiae, and 46% were bacteriologically negative and had a normal cell count at the time of reexamination. High percentages of nonfunctional quarters were observed among those quarters that were infected with Arcanobacterium pyogenes or with coagulase-positive staphylococci at treatment. When all quarters that were clinically affected at treatment were considered, 40% of quarters were cured and were still in lactation at reexamination. Quarters infected with coagulase-negative staphylococci had a higher cure rate than quarters infected with other organisms. At reexamination, clinical signs of thelitis were observed in many of those quarters that were nonfunctional following the episode of clinical mastitis and also in 25% of lactating quarters in which clinical mastitis persisted.     

新疆乳品中乳酸菌的多样性及耐药性分析

从新疆北部地区采集的样品中分离出103株乳酸菌并进行生理生化表型鉴定,对这些乳酸菌进行16S rRNA基因序列测序,构建系统发育树发现分离的乳酸菌主要为5个属分别为乳杆菌属、肠球菌属、乳球菌属、魏斯式菌属、明串珠菌属。采用纸片扩散法（K-B）研究不同属中不同乳酸菌对8种常见抗生素的耐药性分析。耐药性研究表明,分别有6株对链霉素、新霉素有耐药性,5株对红霉素有耐药性,7株对卡那霉素有耐药性,8株全部对萘啶酸具有耐药性,4株对万古霉素、四环素具有耐药性,2株对头孢唑肟存在耐药性。     

Isolation and identification of nontuberculous mycobacteria from foods as possible exposure sources

A variety of foods collected from local supermarkets and produce stands were examined as possible sources of nontuberculous mycobacterial exposure. Food samples were combined with sterile ultrapure water and manually shaken. To remove large particles, the suspensions were filtered through a sterile strainer, centrifuged, and the supernatants were discarded. The food pellets were stored at -75 degrees C. The pellets were treated with either oxalic acid or sodium hydroxide-sodium citrate solutions to reduce contamination by nonmycobacterial organisms. Decontaminated pellets were cultured on both Middlebrook 7H10C agar and Middlebrook 7H10C agar with supplemental malachite green. Plates were observed for growth at 2 and 8 weeks. Isolates demonstrating acid-fastness were identified to species using polymerase chain reaction and restriction enzyme analysis. Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) were recovered from 25 of 121 foods. Six different species of NTM were isolated, the most predominant being Mycobacterium avium.     

北京市市售带壳牡蛎致病性弧菌污染状况调查

目的了解北京市市售带壳牡蛎致病性弧菌污染状况。方法 2014年2~11月每月在某水产品批发市场的摊位抽样200只带壳牡蛎,共80份样品(其中腮和肠样品分别为40份)。用常规培养方法检测牡蛎腮和肠(含便)中致病性弧菌,对副溶血性弧菌进行血清学分型,荧光定量PCR检测副溶血性弧菌毒力基因tdh、trh和tlh。结果 80份牡蛎样品中,致病性弧菌阳性样品检出率为62.50%(50/80),副溶血性弧菌阳性菌株检出率为33.75%(27/80),溶藻弧菌阳性菌株检出率为31.25%(25/80);各牡蛎腮和肠样品中,致病性弧菌阳性检出率为67.50%(27/40)和57.50%(23/40);27株副溶血性弧菌共9种血清型;毒力基因检测结果表示,tlh均为阳性,tdh和trh均为阴性。结论北京市市售带壳牡蛎中致病性弧菌污染严重,以副溶血性弧菌和溶藻弧菌检出为主。     

芦苇叶类黄酮高效液相色谱分析

目的：分析芦苇叶类黄酮的组分。方法：制备芦苇叶类黄酮提取浓缩过程中形成的析出物和浓缩液再经大孔树脂纯化后产生的初纯物,优化两种样品中类黄酮苷转化为苷元的水解条件,采用高效液相色谱(HPLC)法测定两种样品和其水解样品类黄酮的组分。结果：析出物和初纯物的总黄酮含量分别为57.1%和18.5%,酸浓度1.4mol/L、温度80～90℃条件下水解4h可获得相对最好的水解效果;HPLC测定表明,析出物含32种组分,其中7种得到确定,初纯物含22种组分,其中5种得到确定;水解析出物含28种组分,其中7种得到确定,水解初纯物含25种组分,其中7种得到确定。结论：芦苇叶含有芦丁、野黄芩苷、橙皮苷、木犀草素、槲皮素、芹菜素、山奈酚、异鼠李素(或橙皮素)、异甘草素和黄芩素,其中芹菜素含量最高,还有许多未确定的类黄酮。     

Temperatures and ages of boxed beef packed and distributed in Canada

Boxes of beef were examined when product was packed and when boxes were loaded out of five packing plants, when boxes were loaded into and loaded out of seven refrigerated warehouses, and when boxes were received and opened at 21 retail stores. At each stage of handling at each facility, the boxes to be examined were selected at random. For each selected box, the temperature of product at the centre of the box was measured, and the date of packing and the plant of origin were noted. When cuts were packed, the minimum, median and maximum temperatures were about 2, 6 and 18 °C, respectively. Temperatures were successively lower when boxes were loaded out of packing plants, into warehouses and out of warehouses. When loaded out of warehouses, the minimum, median and maximum temperatures were about −2, 1 and 8 °C, respectively. The ranges of temperatures were similar, but the median temperatures were about 2 or 1.5 °C, respectively, when boxes were received at or were opened at retail stores. At packing plants and warehouses, the temperatures of manufacturing and ground beef were lower than those of cuts, but at the retail store the temperatures of all types of product were similar. When boxes were opened at retail stores, the minimum, median and maximum ages of cuts were about 2, 20 and 130 days, respectively; and the corresponding ages for manufacturing and ground beef were 2, 7 and 56 days, respectively. The data indicate that boxed beef is generally cooled to and maintained at temperatures within the range sought by the meat industry. However, cooling to chiller temperatures of product that is packed while warm can take several days; and some product is held for times that are excessive in view of the temperatures of boxed beef.     

水性聚氨酯涂饰剂的性能分析

对几种水性聚氨酯涂饰剂的性能进行了多方面的测定分析，包括聚氨酯涂饰剂的含固量和pH值、聚氨酯涂饰剂膜的感观和机械性能、聚氨酯涂饰剂运用于涂饰中时涂层的性能。通过测定分析了解了这些聚氨酯涂饰剂的优缺点，以及它们用于皮革涂饰工艺中时所适用的涂饰种类。     

水牛乳中可培养乳酸菌多样性分析

采用传统分离培养方法,从三品杂交生水牛奶混合样品中,分离出105株乳酸菌,通过形态、生理生化、API细菌鉴定系统及16S rDNA基因序列分析方法对各菌株属种进行鉴定。16S rRNA序列分析结果显示,105株菌共分为5个属8个种,呈现较为丰富的乳酸菌多样性,具体数量分布为乳酸乳球菌21株,植物乳杆菌19株,格氏乳球菌17株,乳明串珠菌13株,食窦魏斯氏菌11株,肠膜明串珠菌8株,类肠膜魏斯氏菌6株,嗜热链球菌5株,糊精乳杆菌5株。由此可知,水牛乳中可培养乳酸菌优势菌群的主次关系为：乳酸乳球菌（Lactococcus lactis）＞植物乳杆菌（Lactobacillus plantaru）＞格氏乳球菌（Lactococcus garvieae）＞乳明串珠菌（Leuconostoc lactis）＞食窦魏斯氏菌（Weissella cibaria）,此为后续开发水牛乳中优势乳酸菌资源提供了良好的理论基础。     

食用猪油保质的研究进展

综述了人工合成抗氧化剂、天然抗氧化剂、复合型抗氧化剂、微生物抗氧化和物理方法在猪油保质研究中应用的原理和现状。发现人工抗氧化剂效果好,但有一定副作用;大部分天然抗氧化剂效果和稳定性不如人工抗氧化剂,且不易分离;物理方法保存无污染但操作繁琐;使用复合抗氧化剂、微生物抗氧化剂效果好,无副作用,使用方便,是猪油保质研究的发展趋势。