辽宁省大米中无机砷残留的膳食风险评估

目的 评估辽宁地区大米中无机砷残留量暴露对我省居民健康的潜在危险。方法 辽宁省随机选择在大型商场和小型农贸市场共采集样品300份, 采用液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定大米中亚砷酸盐As(Ⅲ), 砷酸盐As(Ⅴ)的含量。基于点评估和概率评估两种评估方式,对大米中无机砷膳食暴露进行风险评估。结果 经检测的大米中亚砷酸盐As(Ⅲ), 砷酸盐As(Ⅴ)的慢性膳食摄入风险（%ADI）值均远小于100%,急性膳食摄入风险（%ARfD）值均远小于100%。运用风险评估软件@risk7.6概率评估中,在50%,75%,90%,99%暴露量位点下,大米中亚砷酸盐As(Ⅲ), 砷酸盐As(Ⅴ)的风险商(Hazard Quotient,HQ)值均远小于1。表明辽宁地区大米中亚砷酸盐As(Ⅲ), 砷酸盐As(Ⅴ)残留量在人体可接受范围内,无明显膳食风险。结论 辽宁地区大米中无机砷含量的暴露对人体健康处于安全水平。     

辽宁地区大米中亚砷酸盐As(Ⅲ)和砷酸盐As(Ⅴ)含量的风险评估

本研究利用风险评估理论,结合辽宁地区大米的抽样调查检验,评估辽宁地区大米中亚砷酸盐As(Ⅲ),砷酸盐As(Ⅴ)对我国居民健康状况的潜在危险。采用液相色谱-ICP-MS联用方法测定大米中亚砷酸盐As(Ⅲ),砷酸盐As(Ⅴ)的含量。运用风险评估软件RISK@7.5建立该地区大米中亚砷酸盐As(Ⅲ),砷酸盐As(Ⅴ)风险评估模型。通过模型可以推断出辽宁地区大型商场,小型农贸市场大米中亚砷酸盐As(Ⅲ)检出1种的平均概率小于4%,砷酸盐As(Ⅴ)检出1种的平均概率小于3%,辽宁地区大米中亚砷酸盐As(Ⅲ),砷酸盐As(Ⅴ)均处于安全水平,为促进当地食品安全,保护人民健康及有关部门食品安全的风险管理提供依据参考。     

HPLC-ICP-MS法测定香菇及培养料中不同形态砷的含量

采用高效液相色谱(HPLC)和电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)联用测定香菇及香菇培养料中亚砷酸盐As(Ⅲ)、砷酸盐As(Ⅴ)、一甲基砷酸盐(MMA)、二甲基砷酸盐(DMA)和砷甜菜碱(As B)等5种砷元素化合物。样品经70℃超声萃取,阴离子色谱柱分离,ICP-MS检测,5种不同形态的砷分离效果良好,线性范围0~100.0 ng/m L,相关系数在0.9999以上,加标回收率81.0%~108.9%之间,相对偏差1.6%~6.3%(n=6)。用实际样品检测,培养料中的砷元素主要以As(V)的形式存在,其含量与栽培时间关系不大。鲜香菇和干香菇中则含有较多的As(Ⅲ)、As(Ⅴ)和As B,虽然总砷结果符合国标限量要求,但高毒的无机砷占大多数。     

大米中总砷和不同形态无机砷含量的测定

分别采用电感耦合等离子体质谱测定大米中总砷含量和高效液相色谱与电感耦合等离子体质谱联用测定大米中不同形态无机砷的含量,并研究了2种方法测定总砷和无机砷的条件。结果表明:大米中砷的存在形式有As(Ⅲ)、As(Ⅴ)、二甲基砷及一种未知的砷化合物;测定样品中As(Ⅲ)、As(Ⅴ)含量分别为3.4μg/kg和17.4μg/kg,其加标回收率为90%-106%,相对标准偏差为3.52%。而样品中总砷含量为88.13μg/kg,其加标回收率在94%-103%,相对标准偏差为1.29%。     

深圳市盐田区海产品总砷及砷形态调查研究及风险评价

采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP/MS)检测海产品的总砷含量,液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱联用(HPLC-ICP-MS)检测海产品5种砷形态含量。在被检测的180份海产品中,168份海产品的总砷含量高于0.5mg/kg,所占比例为93.3%,均值为9.43mg/kg。该168份海产品的砷形态(As B、AsⅢ、AsⅤ、MMA、DMA)检测结果为无机砷(AsⅢ与AsⅤ)含量均低于定量限0.06mg/kg;检出含量高于0.5mg/kg的砷甜菜碱(As B)124份(73.8%),均值为7.05mg/kg;二甲基砷(DMA)49份(29.2%),均值为0.25mg/kg;一甲基砷(MMA)未检出。结果显示,无毒的As B含量明显高于低毒的DMA(P0.05),含量高于0.5mg/kg的As B检出比例也明显高于DMA(P0.05),表明本地区海产品安全风险较低,食用安全性有保障。     

稻谷中无机砷形态的测定及其分布规律

建立和优化了液相色谱-原子荧光法测定稻谷中无机砷形态的检测方法,在10 min内完成As(Ⅲ)和As(Ⅴ)的有效分离。结果表明:当砷酸根和亚砷酸根浓度范围为0～90 ng/mL时,线性相关系数分别为0.999 8和0.999 4,检出限分别为0.005 mg/kg和0.007 mg/kg,精密度RSD≤7.2%,As(Ⅲ)和As(Ⅴ)加标回收率分别在92.8%～104.5%和81.0%～100.8%。砷浓度分布具有明显不均匀性,提高稻谷加工精度后,无机砷含量可减少66.6%。     

液相色谱-原子荧光光谱法测定海带中的无机砷

建立了液相色谱-原子荧光光谱法测定海带中无机砷的方法。结果表明,在20.0~100.0μg/L浓度范围内,亚砷酸盐(AsⅢ)、砷酸盐(AsⅤ)的峰面积与其浓度呈良好的线性关系,相关系数r分别为0.999 9和0.999 7,检出限分别为0.01 mg/kg和0.02 mg/kg。在0.1,0.5和0.8 mg/kg的加标水平下,方法的回收率为87.9%~102.3%,相对标准偏差RSD为1.7%~2.7%(n=6),能够满足海带中无机砷残留量的测定。     

液相色谱—原子荧光光谱法测定稻谷中无机砷有关问题的探讨

依据GB 5009.11-2014检测稻谷中无机砷含量,对采用液相色谱—原子荧光光谱(LC-AFS)法测定稻谷中无机砷应注意的问题进行探讨,通过在实验中解决样品提取及仪器操作等过程中遇到的问题,减少实验中产生的误差,使As(Ⅲ)和As(Ⅴ)在0~80 ng/m L范围内线性良好,相关系数均为0.9993,总无机砷的最低检出限为0.01mg/kg,按0.16、0.32、0.64 mg/kg三个添加水平测定加标回收率在85.3%~114.0%之间,6次重复测定的As(Ⅲ)、DMA、MMA、As(Ⅴ)4个参数的RSD值分别为2.0%、4.0%、7.5%和11.2%,提高了检验结果的准确度和精密度。     

LC-ICP-MS法研究莲藕中砷的形态分布

本文通过测定莲藕不同砷浓度环境、不同生长阶段和不同器官中总砷及砷的5种形态(亚砷酸盐As(Ⅲ)、砷酸盐As(Ⅴ)、一甲基砷MMA、二甲基砷DMA和砷甜菜碱As B)的含量,研究了莲藕中砷的形态分布规律。采用优化的超声酸提取方法,用1%HNO3在70℃超声提取40 min,25 mmol/L磷酸二氢铵溶液(pH 8.0)为流动相等度洗脱,液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱联用(LC-ICP-MS)法进行测定,各形态提取完全、稳定,8 min内基线分离。高砷环境栽培莲藕的无机砷比率略高于低砷环境的。莲藕在旺盛生长期对砷的富集能力高于结藕期,除藕外,地下部分总砷含量和无机砷比率普遍高于地上部分。结藕期无机砷比率降低,有机砷以As B、MMA和少量DMA形式存在。各器官中无机砷含量比例为29.03%~45.21%不等,可食部分藕和莲蓬中无机砷含量比例最低,有利于食品安全控制。     

液相色谱-原子荧光光谱法测定紫菜无机砷前处理方法研究

目的采用液相色谱-原子荧光光谱法(liquid chromatography-atomic fluorescence spectrometry,LC-AFS)法测定紫菜中无机砷含量,比较不同浓度提取剂在不同超声提取条件下提取紫菜中无机砷效果,确立紫菜样品无机砷提取方法。方法采用正交试验的方法分析比较不同浓度提取剂在不同超声提取条件下提取紫菜中无机砷效果。结果实验表明,当硝酸浓度为0.15 mol/L,超声提取时间为60 min,超声提取温度为60℃时,提取效果最好。AsⅢ、AsⅤ回收率分别为87.5%~110%和88.5%~106%,精密度分别为9.56%和8.31%。结论该方法检测准确、可靠,具有良好的精密度,适用于紫菜无机砷的提取、检测。     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

The Ministry of Environmental Protection Issued "Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Control in Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry (Trial)" and Two Other Guiding Technical Documents

On December 27t＂, 2013, the Ministry of Environmenta Protection announced that, in order to implement ＂The Environmental Protection Law of the People＇ s Republic of China＂, improve the working system in environmenta protection technologies, and promote technologica advancement in pollution prevention, the Ministry of Environmental Protection sponsored the formulation of three guiding technical documents including ＂Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Contro n Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry （Trial）＂     

1~(st) Intelli-Tissue~ EcoEc Tissue Machine Supplied by PMP Group Successfully Put into Operation in China

正On April 29th,2014,Intelli-Tissue EcoEc tissue machine supplied by PMP Group successfully put into operation at Hebei Xuesong Paper Co.,Ltd.,this is the first such kind of paper machine of PMP Group in China.