蜂蜜掺假鉴别技术研究进展

综述了目前国内外蜂蜜掺假的鉴别技术,简要介绍了感官分析、花粉分析、理化指标分析及同位素率质谱、色谱、光谱、核磁共振技术在蜂蜜掺假鉴别上的应用及研究概况,并对蜂蜜掺假鉴别今后的研究方向进行了展望.     

基于特征标志物的粮油食品掺假鉴别技术研究进展

粮油食品掺假鉴别研究一直是国内外食品质量安全领域的研究热点。基于特征标志物的粮油食品掺假鉴别技术具有灵敏度高、特异性好的优点,近年来在该领域发展迅速。本文综述了基于元素分析、色谱-质谱分析、DNA指纹图谱等技术在粮油食品掺假鉴别中的特征标志物和研究进展,展望了发展趋势,为粮油食品中特征标志物的发现及最佳掺假鉴别技术的研究提供了依据。     

食用植物油掺假鉴别方法研究进展

阐述了食用植物油掺伪的现状,综述了理化方法、色谱法、核磁共振波谱法、红外光谱法、拉曼光谱法的检测原理,以及在食用植物油掺假鉴别中的研究进展.着重介绍了应用最广泛的色谱法,它主要通过对脂肪酸、甾醇、生育酚等物质的测定来进行掺伪鉴别.同时,对核磁共振波谱法、红外光谱法、拉曼光谱法在油脂掺伪检测中的初步应用进行了归纳.对掺伪检测技术的研究方向进行了展望.     

液相色谱质谱技术在食品掺假中的应用

食品欺诈是食品安全风险防控领域中的重要方面, 其中食品掺假作为食品欺诈的一种类型, 因其掺假物的种类性质、方式等不同往往可能带来或者引入食品安全问题。针对全球性食品掺假行为, 本文综述了近年来液相色谱-质谱联用技术用于解决肉制品、牛奶、食用植物油、蜂蜜4类食品掺假问题, 总结了该4类食品的主要掺假行为, 其中肉制品掺假分为地理来源改变、肉种类替代、添加剂非法使用、过敏原引入、病死畜禽肉; 乳制品掺假主要有奶源产地改变、不同动物奶、添加富氮化合物、添加剂违规; 植物油掺假主要有油种类混合、掺入不可食用油、植物油产地改变、添加工业染料; 蜂蜜常见的掺假方式有蜂蜜产地、植物源、添加糖浆。对液相色谱-质谱鉴别食品真伪的前处理方法(液液萃取、固相萃取)也进行了总结, 以期为液相色谱-质谱联用技术在食品真实性技术鉴别应用提供有益参考。     

食用植物油掺假鉴别研究进展

综述了在食用植物油中掺入其他食用植物油或非食用油的主要鉴别方法,包括电导率法、红外光谱法、太赫兹时域光谱法、拉曼光谱法、色谱法等,并对上述方法在食用植物油掺假鉴别中的研究进展和应用进行了归纳,最后对食用植物油掺假检测技术的研究方向进行了展望。     

植物油掺伪检验技术研究进展

食用植物油是重要生活必需品,但食用油脂掺假问题比较突出。将廉价植物油掺入到高价植物油中,可以此获得高额利润,但这些做法极大损害了广大消费者的利益。本文主要综述了理化鉴别、仪器分析等当前植物油掺伪检验的主要方法及基本原理,重点介绍了气相色谱、液相色谱和质谱联用等色谱技术,红外光谱、近红外光谱、紫外和拉曼光谱等光谱技术以及核磁共振和电子鼻等现代分析技术在植物油防伪鉴别上的应用,总结了国内外植物油掺伪检测技术的研究进展,并对各种方法的优缺点进行了比较,对在植物油掺伪鉴别最新研究进展和应用中存在的问题进行了分析和展望。     

食用油脂鉴别及掺假检测技术研究进展

食用油脂作为人们日常饮食中不可缺少的重要组成部分,可为人体产生热能,更是人们所需的脂溶性维生素、必需脂肪酸和磷脂等物质的重要来源。它们因种类、纯度、营养成分等指标的不同而在价格上差异悬殊,导致一些不法分子为牟取暴利而将低附加值食用油掺入到高附加值植物油中,更有甚者,将劣质、有毒油脂掺入食用植物油中,由此引发的食品安全问题也屡见不鲜。因此,本文对近年来国内外食用油脂鉴别及掺假检测技术进行了综述,介绍了色谱法（气相色谱法、液相色谱法）、光谱法（红外光谱法、荧光光谱法、拉曼光谱法、紫外-可见吸收光谱法、太赫兹光谱法、低场核磁共振法）、稳定同位素技术及其它方法（如电子鼻、电子舌）在食用油脂中的应用,并展望了食用油脂检测的未来发展方向,以期为我国油脂检测工作和食品安全提供理论参考。     

液相色谱-高分辨质谱技术在食品掺假鉴别研究中的应用

食品欺诈是指蓄意对食品进行虚假描述,造成该食品的宣称与其真实属性不符的行为。食品掺假是食品欺诈最为常见的表现形式。在众多食品欺诈事件中,所占比例较大的是冒充、稀释、非法添加和非标注成分这4 类掺假行为。随着食品加工方式的多样化、贸易的全球化和供应链的复杂化,食品掺假愈发隐蔽,难以用常规靶向分析手段实现掺假鉴别,因此,非靶向分析技术逐渐成为食品掺假鉴别研究的热点。综上,本文重点综述了基于液相色谱串联高分辨质谱的组学分析技术在食品掺假鉴别研究领域的应用。     

蜂胶掺假鉴别技术研究进展

蜂胶具有广泛的生物活性,如抗氧化、防辐射、防龋齿、消炎抑菌及调节免疫等,是较为珍贵的蜜蜂产品。蜂胶依据胶源植物的不同可分为杨树型蜂胶、巴西绿蜂胶、红蜂胶等7大类。我国的蜂胶类型主要为杨树型蜂胶,其化学成分与杨树芽提取物相似,蜂胶资源紧缺和高利润导致杨树胶掺假冒充蜂胶现象日益严重。蜂胶掺假鉴别一直是蜂产品等天然产物的研究热点,本文综述近15年国内外研究者关于蜂胶掺假鉴别技术的研究进展,其中主要包括气相色谱法、液相色谱法、红外光谱法、核磁共振技术、薄层色谱法和特征物质鉴别等,其中液相-质谱技术应用最为广泛,鉴别结果较优。同时本文对多种蜂胶鉴别技术进行比较和总结,为蜂胶品质的鉴定和蜂胶的掺假鉴别提供资料参考和依据。     

稳定同位素质谱分析技术及其在食品检验中的应用研究进展

简述稳定同位素质谱分析技术的基本原理,综述该技术几年来在食品安全溯源及真伪鉴别中的应用研究进展,重点介绍其在婴幼儿奶粉掺假、蜂蜜掺假及产地溯源、植物油掺假、酒水溯源及掺假及动物食品产地溯源及掺假检验等方面的研究及应用,展望该技术在食品安全中的发展前景。     

Characterization of fatty acid profile by FFFS

The purpose of the study was to assess potential application of front face fluorescence spectroscopy as a rapid and non-destructive technique to discriminate between fats of animal and plant origin based on their fatty acid profiles, and to predict concentration of fatty acids from fluorescence spectra. Vitamin E emission spectra (300–500 nm) of butterfat and vegetable oil samples were recorded with excitation wavelength set at 295 nm. Fatty acid composition of the samples was determined by gas chromatography. Principal component analysis and partial least squares regression analysis were applied to the gas chromatography and fluorescence spectroscopy data. The butter-fats and vegetable oils were discriminated based on the total saturated and unsaturated fatty acids respectively. Tocopherols and tocotrienols accounted for the variability among various oils. A good prediction model was established with R ² = 0.745–0.992 for saturated fatty acids. The unsaturated fatty acids were characterized by low coefficients of determination (R ² < 0.339). The fatty acid profiles predicted from fluorescence spectra did not show significant difference to those determined by gas chromatography used as references. A good association was established between the two data tables. The study demonstrated great potential of front face fluorescence spectroscopy to rapidly discriminate between fats of animal and plant origin, and predict their saturated fatty acids composition, which could in turn be used for detection of milk fat adulteration with vegetable oil.     

茶油掺伪检测技术研究进展

茶油是我国特有的高端木本食用植物油。本文分析了茶油品质特点与茶油的主要掺伪方式,总结现有相关标准中对茶油真实性的要求。从茶油及其他异质油的理化特性与特征成分出发,重点总结了基于理化参数的分析技术、色谱与质谱技术以及光谱学技术3个用于茶油掺伪检测技术的特点与局限性。说明了基于多个理化参数集合并结合算法模型、筛选茶油特异性成分、扩大样品的光谱数据库对茶油掺伪检测方法构建的重要性,并提出采用多指标逐步判别分析是实现茶油掺伪实际检测的重要途径。     

肉类掺假检测技术研究进展

肉类是我国居民消费最大的食品之一,然而掺假事件时有发生,这不仅对消费者的经济利益造成损害,更有甚者会对人类身体健康造成影响,因此对肉类掺假进行检测鉴别显得十分重要。本文综述了各种肉类掺假检测技术的应用和特点,并探讨其发展趋势。目前,国内外最常用的检测方法有PCR检测技术、酶联免疫法(ELISA)、近红外光谱技术、色谱技术等。在这些技术中,以PCR为主的检测技术包括长度多态性PCR、随机扩增多态性PCR以及实时PCR等最为成熟,应用得也最为广泛。近红外光谱检测虽然检测速度比较快,但是准确度方面还有待改进。ELISA方法虽然已有商品化试剂盒出现,但由于受蛋白活性影响,其应用范围也受限。色谱分析方法近年来有了更深入的研究,随着高分辨质谱的出现,通过多肽鉴定肉类品种将是一个新的研究方向。随着科技的发展,多种技术相结合将会使掺假检测更加快速、可靠。     

Determination of Milk Fat Adulteration with Vegetable Oils and Animal Fats by Gas Chromatographic Analysis

This study assessed the potential application of gas chromatography (GC) in detecting milk fat (MF) adulteration with vegetable oils and animal fats and of characterizing samples by fat source. One hundred percent pure MF was adulterated with different vegetable oils and animal fats at various concentrations (0%, 10%, 30%, 50%, 70%, and 90%). GC was used to obtain the fatty acid (FA) profiles, triacylglycerol (TG) contents, and cholesterol contents. The pure MF and the adulterated MF samples were discriminated based on the total concentrations of saturated FAs and on the 2 major FAs (oleic acid [C18:1n9c] and linoleic acid [C18:2n6c], TGs [C52 and C54], and cholesterol contents using statistical analysis to compared difference. These bio‐markers enabled the detection of as low as 10% adulteration of non‐MF into 100% pure MF. The study demonstrated the high potential of GC to rapidly detect MF adulteration with vegetable and animal fats, and discriminate among commercial butter and milk products according to the fat source. These data can be potentially useful in detecting foreign fats in these butter products. Furthermore, it is important to consider that several individual samples should be analyzed before coming to a conclusion about MF authenticity.     

牛羊乳混掺检测鉴别技术研究进展

近年来,羊乳以其较好的营养特性渐成流行趋势,由于季节波动的影响,其价格远高于牛乳。在经济利益的驱动下,羊乳中掺入牛乳的现象时有发生,且呈现日趋严重的趋势,制约了羊奶产业的良性发展,迫切需要建立快速准确的牛羊乳混掺定性定量检测技术体系。本文对牛羊乳的差异及据此建立的、业已报道的相关检测技术进行了比较分析。常用检测技术主要包括色谱技术(气相色谱、气相色谱-质谱联用、高效液相色谱-质谱联用、高效液相色谱)、电泳技术(聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳、等电点聚焦电泳、毛细管电泳)、酶联免疫技术、聚合酶链式反应技术等,介绍了各种检测技术的原理及特点,并分析其可行性,为探索新的高效检测方法提供了思路,为牛羊乳混掺检测分析提供文献参考。     

山茶籽油真实属性鉴别方法研究进展

山茶籽油是一种纯天然高级食用植物油,富含油酸、亚油酸等功能性成分,具有抗衰老、提高免疫力、预防肥胖等作用。近年山茶籽油因其具有极高的营养价值,备受人们关注。然而,一些不法商贩为了谋取利益,在山茶籽油中掺入低价食用油欺骗消费者,扰乱其市场秩序。因此,为了保障消费者的合法权益和山茶籽油的良性发展,研究者必须采用相应的检测方法鉴别其真实属性。本文综述各类检测方法在鉴别山茶籽油真实属性中的应用现状,如理化分析法、光谱法、色谱法、电子鼻技术等,并根据当前鉴别方法存在的缺陷,对未来分析山茶籽油真实属性的研究趋势进行展望,旨在为食用植物油的掺杂掺假检测提供理论参考。     

Melamine Detection in Milk and Dairy Products: Traditional Analytical Methods and Recent Developments

Melamine is a nitrogen-rich compound (about 66%) whose fraudulent addition to foods aims to increase the apparent protein content. In 2008, melamine adulteration incidents occurred in China caused several deaths in humans from kidney failure and other health problems. This issue prompted private as well as governmental laboratories to develop several analytical methods in order to determine melamine in foods. This review aims to provide an overview of the analytical techniques currently available in the literature for melamine detection and measurement in milk and dairy products, including a specific section related to sample preparation. Recent studies concerning conventional (both screening and confirmatory) methods are reported, and technical and critical issues are discussed for each technique (liquid and gas chromatography, mass spectrometry, liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry, gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry, and capillary electrophoresis). These techniques, very sensitive and specific but also time-consuming, may require tedious sample preparation, costly instrumentation, and skilled personnel. Therefore, new innovative detection methods are also provided, focusing attention on immunoassay, sensor technology, vibrational spectroscopy coupled to chemometrics, hyperspectral imaging, micellar liquid chromatography, magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and chemiluminescence.     

Bovine milk powder adulteration with vegetable oils or fats revealed by MALDI-QTOF MS

Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation-quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-QTOF MS) allowed detection of bovine milk powder adulteration with vegetable oils or fats with high speed and reliability, requiring little sample preparation (n-hexane extraction) and no prior separation procedures. This technique was also able to identify the adulterated employed in this fraud. Hydrogenated soybean oil addition in bovine milk powder sample generate a similar TAG profile to that observed on adulterated milk samples apprehended by the Brazilian Federal Police. In this sense, a robust method for high throughput forensic screening of milk powder adulteration by exogenous oils and fats is showed.