高压电场技术在食品加工中的应用研究进展

高压电场技术是一种重要的非热处理技术,由于其效率高、能耗小、无污染、对食品品质几乎无影响,因此在食品加工领域具有广阔的应用前景。目前,该技术主要应用于食品杀菌、食品物料干燥、辅助食品冷冻解冻以及提取食品生物活性物质等方面。本文概述了高压电场技术的基本原理,分析了高压电场对食品中组分的影响,综述了其在食品加工中的应用研究进展及作用机制,并对其应用前景进行了展望,以期为高压电场技术在食品加工中的应用提供理论参考。     

高压电场技术在食品杀菌中的应用研究进展

高压电场技术是极具有工业化应用前景的低温杀菌技术之一，由于其杀菌效率高、能耗小、无污染且对食品品质影响小，因而在未来食品杀菌领域具有广阔的发展前景。本文对常见的两种高压电场类型，高压静电场和高压脉冲电场的装置特点、杀菌相关电场参数以及杀菌机理进行了介绍，综述了二者在固体和液体食品杀菌中的应用研究进展，介绍了国内外对传统电场设备暴露的缺点的改进情况，并总结了高压电场与其他杀菌技术的联用，最后展望了高压电场技术在未来的发展前景。     

非热技术在果蔬保鲜体系中的应用

随着人们生活质量的提高,果蔬的保鲜越来越受到人们的重视。近年来,果蔬保鲜技术的研究也日益增多,特别是辐照技术、高压电场技术、超高压技术等非热技术作为一类新型、简捷的技术也逐渐开始被应用在果蔬保鲜领域,且较其他保鲜技术有其独到之处。     

新法保鲜—电场保粮

北京市密云县粮食局新开发的一种新型保鲜食品技术“依次运用平行板电场和电晕场保鲜食品的工艺和设备”于近日被国家专利局授予“国家发明专利”。 1988年初,这个局根据电场的生物效应原理,把食品(西红柿、苹果)作为对比试验的样品,先放入高压电场中处理,然后再放入含臭氧和离子的电晕场中长期保存。试     

气调包装与其他技术结合在食品保鲜中的研究进展

气调包装作为一种保鲜技术,能保持食品的新鲜度、提高食品的安全性并延长食品的货架期,并且具有操作方便、成本低、效果好等优势,是食品保鲜领域的研究热点。现对气调包装对食品的保鲜机理、常用材料、气体作用及与其他技术结合在食品保鲜中应用等方面进行综述,并针对发展状况,分析其所带来的问题,进一步展望气调包装与其他技术结合在食品保鲜中的应用前景,为食品气调包装与其他技术结合的研究提供参考与借鉴。     

超高压在冷藏肉类产品贮藏保鲜中的应用研究进展

超高压加工是一个物理过程,对食品中的维生素、色素和风味物质等小分子化合物无明显影响,从而可以较好地保持食品原有的营养。本文旨在探讨超高压技术在冷藏肉类产品贮藏保鲜中的应用现状及前景,分别对超高压在冷藏肉类产品的杀菌、抑酶、抗氧化以及其对冷藏肉类产品颜色、亮度和风味保持方面的应用进行阐述,分析存在的问题,为超高压技术在冷藏肉类产品贮藏保鲜方面的进一步研究提供参考。     

物理技术在食品贮藏与保鲜中的应用

当前,物理技术被广泛地运用到了食品的贮藏和保鲜工作当中,从而给食品果蔬的灭菌杀虫、防腐保鲜提供了有力保障。本文在对相关物理技术应用于食品储藏和保鲜方面取得的研究成果进行剖析的基础上,进一步对其今后的前景进行了展望。     

高压电场低温等离子体冷杀菌保鲜技术装备

正食品冷杀菌保鲜包装技术的是国际食品科学技术最新发展方向之一:高压电场低温等离子体(High Voltage Electric Field Cold Plasma, HVEF-CP)冷杀菌是目前国际上一种最新的食品冷杀菌技术,利用食品周围介质产生光电子、离子和活性自由基与微生物表面接触导致其细胞破坏而达到杀菌效果。目前,对于生鲜肉、新鲜果蔬及鲜切菜等热敏食品采用的杀菌包装技术,存在杀菌不彻底及产生二次污染问题;尽管可采用冷链物流贮藏,但微生物仍能大量繁殖引起     

食品的微生物保鲜技术

在人们对食品卫生要求越来越高的今天，食品的保鲜技术正悄然发生着一场革命性的变化。传统的食品保鲜技术将逐步被一种全新、无毒、高效的保鲜技术-微生物保鲜技术所取代。本文综述了常用于食品保鲜的微生物种类，微生物处理方法及保鲜机理，对目前国内外食品的微生物保鲜研究作了简单的概述。     

运用高压技术 让食品加工过程更加高效

一、高压电场技术作为非热加工处理技术的一种,高压电场技术在处理过程中不会产生热性效应,因此更多的被应用在热敏性食品的加工方面。在食品加工过程中,加热与制冷两个过程中会包含产品和空气间的能量传递,需要较高的风量与风速以及专属的环境温度,同时也需要大量的能源,而高压电场技术可以在低能耗的情形下将热量传递的性能提高,大大缩减加工处理的时间,从而减少生产成本。     

Recent developments in novel freezing and thawing technologies applied to foods

This article reviews the recent developments in novel freezing and thawing technologies applied to foods. These novel technologies improve the quality of frozen and thawed foods and are energy efficient. The novel technologies applied to freezing include pulsed electric field pre-treatment, ultra-low temperature, ultra-rapid freezing, ultra-high pressure and ultrasound. The novel technologies applied to thawing include ultra-high pressure, ultrasound, high voltage electrostatic field (HVEF), and radio frequency. Ultra-low temperature and ultra-rapid freezing promote the formation and uniform distribution of small ice crystals throughout frozen foods. Ultra-high pressure and ultrasound assisted freezing are non-thermal methods and shorten the freezing time and improve product quality. Ultra-high pressure and HVEF thawing generate high heat transfer rates and accelerate the thawing process. Ultrasound and radio frequency thawing can facilitate thawing process by volumetrically generating heat within frozen foods. It is anticipated that these novel technologies will be increasingly used in food industries in the future.     

Balanced diets in food systems: Emerging trends and challenges for human health

ABSTRACT

Processed foods, generally known as modified raw foods produced by innovative processing technologies alters the food constituents such natural enzymes, fatty acids, micronutrients, macronutrients and vitamins. In contrast to fresh and unprocessed foods, processed foods are guaranteed to be safer, imperishable, long lasting and consist high level of nutrients bioactivity. Currently, the evolution in food processing technologies is necessary to face food security and safety, nutrition demand, its availability and also other global challenges in the food system. In this scenario, this review consists of information on two food processing technologies, which effects on processed foods before and after processing and the impact of food products on human health. It is also very well established that understanding the type and structure of foods to be processed can assist food processing industries towards advancement of novel food products. In connection with this fact, the present article also discusses the emerging trends and possible modifications in food processing technologies with the combination of conventional and modern techniques to get the suitable nutritional and safety qualities in food.     

The use of carbon dioxide in the processing and packaging of milk and dairy products: A review

The upswing in consumer demand for fresh and high quality preservative‐free foods has led to the development of modified atmosphere packaging (MAP). Increasingly, MAP is being used with high carbon dioxide (CO₂) concentration as well as CO₂/N₂ gas mixes. Modified atmosphere packaging or ‘gas flushing’ as it is also known is an increasingly popular technique used to extend the shelf life (both quality and safety) of a number of dairy products. Carbon dioxide is an active constituent of MAP, naturally present in freshly drawn raw milk. Addition of CO₂ to raw milk or flushing the package headspace has proved to be a simple and cost‐effective method, depending upon the initial microbiological quality of the food product. Carbon dioxide addition through MAP or direct injection as an economically affordable shelf life extension strategy is used commercially worldwide for some dairy products. The development of food packaging machines with integrated gas flushing capabilities and the supply of ‘food grade’ gases allow dairy foods manufacturers to enhance the quality of their products. This review presents a broad spectrum of current research and the current trends with respect to CO₂ as a natural microbial hurdle with special focus on its precise mechanism and its role in quality improvement of dairy products.     

2013—2020年广州市市售生食动物性水产品食源性致病菌监测结果分析

目的 了解2013—2020年广州市市售生食动物性水产品中食源性致病菌污染状况及分布特点。 方法 2013—2020年共采集631份生食动物性水产样品, 进行沙门氏菌、单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌、副溶血性弧菌、创伤弧菌、霍乱弧菌和致泻性大肠埃希氏菌等食源性致病菌检测。结果 检出食源性致病菌阳性样品90份, 总检出率为14.26%。生食动物性淡水产品和生食动物性海产品食源性致病菌检出率差异有统计学意义, ?2=160.375, P<0.001。生食动物性淡水产品检出率较高, 达到了45.70%。6种食源性致病菌检测结果显示, 创伤弧菌检出率最高, 达到9.51%, 其次是副溶血性弧菌5.86%, 沙门氏菌1.90%。第3季度检出率最高, 为16.15%, 最低的是第1季度(11.36%)。餐饮单位所售生食动物性水产品食源性致病菌检出率最高(21.90%), 其次为超市(7.69%), 网店和农贸肉菜市场所售商品无检出。结论 广州市市售生食动物性水产品存在不同程度的食源性致病菌污染, 致病菌污染主要以创伤弧菌、副溶血性弧菌为主, 生食动物性淡水产品污染情况更严重, 相关政府部门应加强监管, 开展健康宣传教育, 预防食源性疾病的发生。     

Recent Application of Modified Atmosphere Packaging (MAP) in Fresh and Fresh-Cut Foods

Modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) has been applied in the food industry for about 90 years to extend shelf life and maintain quality of fresh and fresh-cut foods. Recently, MAP has experienced a rapid development in both scientific and industrial communities, which was one of the most appropriate and practical technologies for packaging fresh and fresh-cut produce. This paper reviews some recent developments of newly emerged MAP systems such as high-oxygen MAP, controlled MAP, and intelligent MAP and provides an overview of MAP applications for fresh and fresh-cut fruits, vegetables, mushrooms, meat, and aquatic products.     

2012—2017年广西壮族自治区市售食品中沙门菌监测数据分析

目的 了解广西市售食品中沙门菌污染状况和特征,为减少污染和防控食源性疾病提供科学依据。方法 2012—2017年从广西14个市采集14类市售食品共60 174份,其中生鲜类食品5 712份,即食食品54 462份,按照GB 4789.4—2010《食品安全国家标准 食品微生物学检验 沙门氏菌检验》方法进行沙门菌检验。结果 生鲜类食品中生肉及生肉制品、生水产品及其制品、速冻米面制品、鲜蛋类沙门菌检出率分别为10.3%(399/3 883)、6.2%(50/806)、0.5%(2/440)、0.0%(0/583),即食食品中熟肉制品、餐饮食品、生食蔬菜及其制品沙门菌检出率分别为0.6%(58/10 175)、0.3%(39/14 721)、1.0%(5/489),焙烤及油炸类食品、饮料、水果及其制品均为0.1%,熟蛋制品、豆制品、冷冻饮品、调味品均未检出。生肉及生肉制品共检出51种血清型,德尔卑沙门菌为优势血清型(16.2%,70/432),主要在生猪肉中检出。即食食品共检出32种血清型,德尔卑沙门菌为优势血清型(14.5%,11/76),主要在熟肉制品中检出。结论 生鲜类受沙门菌污染最严重的食品是生畜肉和生禽肉,即食食品受沙门菌污染较严重食品是凉拌类食品。应加强从农场到餐桌的食品安全防控,减少食源性疾病的发生。     

冷冻家禽类预制菜加工及复热技术研究进展

预制菜是指以农、畜、禽、水产品为原料,经过标准化生产得到的成品或半成品。随着宅经济、家庭小型化和生活节奏的改变,预制菜行业迅猛地发展起来。家禽预制菜是预制菜行业的重要分枝,市场上主要的产品有冷冻形式的白切鸡、椒麻鸡、盐焗鸡等卤煮类产品;也有道口烧鸡、辣子鸡丁等常温保藏类;还有盐水鸭等低温保藏食品。加工技术和复热技术良莠不齐,原料控制、腌制入味、熟化工艺和匹配的设备等影响着产品的质量;特别是冷冻类预制菜,复热技术和程度对菜品的品质影响较大,缺乏家禽预制菜肴和复热技术的理论研究。本文综述了加工技术以及复热技术对冷冻家禽预制菜的影响,为改善家禽预制菜的食用品质提供理论支撑,同时为进一步研发新式家禽预制菜提供思路。     

Quality preservation in chilled and frozen fish products by employment of slurry ice and natural antioxidants

Fish products are known to provide high levels of constituents important for the human diet. At the same time, wild and farmed fish species are highly perishable products, the quality and freshness of which rapidly declines post-mortem. Accordingly, efficient storage and processing technologies need to be employed to reduce postmortem quality losses until the product reaches the consumer. The present review covers recent efforts carried out on some new and advanced strategies related to chilled and frozen storage. In the first part, research concerning the use of binary systems (slurry ice) is reviewed, this focussed on the commercialisation of fresh fish products as such or to its employment as raw material for processing. Then, the application of exogenous antioxidants to ensure retention of high quality is addressed; in this part, special attention is accorded to the endogenous antioxidant content retention and to the antioxidant/pro-oxidant balance in fish foods.     

食品中肉类成分种属鉴别技术研究进展

肉与肉制品的掺杂、掺假是食品质量控制面临的重要挑战。食品中肉类成分的鉴别与分析技术已逐步形成了分别以蛋白质检测和以核酸检测为基础的方法体系,其鉴别精度可达属与亚属水平,检测灵敏度也达到了纳克级。近年来,食品中肉类成分的定量检测与溯源又成为了本领域中的新研究热点。本文综述食品中肉类成分种属鉴别技术的研究进展,并重点分析应用荧光定量PCR对食品中肉类成分进行定量分析的现状与前景。     

Bacterial contamination of ready-to-eat foods and fresh products in retail shops and food factories.

Raw vegetables cut for salad, cooked salad, cooked rice, boiled noodles, bean curd, and cooked Japanese foods were purchased in 27 retail shops in Tokyo. Intact vegetables before being processed and ready-to-eat fresh salad products were obtained from two food factories located in the suburbs of Tokyo. Two hundred thirty-eight retail samples, 137 samples of intact vegetables, and 159 samples of fresh products were examined for aerobic plate count (APC), coliforms, Escherichia coli, Listeria spp., Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus cereus. The APC of retail foods were 2.1 to 5.7 log CFU/g, and the range for the coliforms was 0.1 to 2.3 log CFU/g. The APC and coliform values showed that the raw vegetables cut for salad were the most heavily contaminated among the six kinds of ready-to-eat foods examined. Although L. monocytogenes was not detected, two samples of raw vegetables and five kinds of cooked foods yielded Listeria spp. S. aureus was detected in one sample of Japanese cooked food. The APC of the intact vegetables were 2.9 to 7.3 log CFU/g upon arrival and 2.2 to 7.2 log CFU/g after 3 days storage at 10 degrees C. The APC of the fresh products were 3.4 to 7.6 log CFU/g upon arrival and 4.7 to 8.7 log CFU/g after 3 days storage at 10 degrees C. The isolation rates for coliforms were 6.1 to 50% for intact vegetables and 50 to 66.7% for fresh products. E. coli was detected only in the fresh products. B. cereus was isolated from 20.1% (17 of 81) of the intact vegetables and 9.2% (8 of 87) of the fresh products.