我国全麦食品加工利用现状及存在问题

正目前,我国的全麦食品产业仍处于发展初期,市面上的全麦食品种类同质化现象严重,而且以烘焙类全麦食品为主,与我国消费者对于面制品的消费习惯并不一致。同时,由于全麦食品存在耐储藏性较差,生物活性物质和抗营养因子含量较高,造成加工难度较大,食用品质和食用安全性有待提高,以及相关标准不完善等问题,消费者并不能完全可买到优质的、可供选择的全麦食品,影响了我国全麦食品的发展。就我国全麦食品的加工现状和存在问题展开讨论,以期为我国全麦食品产业的完     

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我国全麦食品加工利用现状及存在问题目前,我国的全麦食品产业仍处于发展初期,市面上的全麦食品种类同质化现象严重,而且以烘焙类全麦食品为主,与我国消费者对于面制品的消费习惯并不一致。同时,由于全麦食品存在耐储藏性较差,生物活性物质和抗营养因子含量较高,造成加工难度较大,食用品质和食用安全性有待提高,以及相关标准不完善等问题,消费者并不能完全可买到优质的、可供选择的全麦食品,影响了我国全麦食品的发展。就我国全麦食品的加工现状和存在问题展开讨论,以期为我国全麦食品产业的完善和发展提供参考。     

我国全麦食品加工利用现状及存在问题

目前,我国的全麦食品产业仍处于发展初期,市面上的全麦食品种类同质化现象严重,而且以烘焙类全麦食品为主,与我国消费者对于面制品的消费习惯并不一致。同时,由于全麦食品存在耐储藏性较差,生物活性物质和抗营养因子含量较高,造成加工难度较大,食用品质和食用安全性有待提高,以及相关标准不完善等问题,消费者并不能完全可买到优质的、可供选择的全麦食品,影响了我国全麦食品的发展。就我国全麦食品的加工现状和存在问题展开讨论,以期为我国全麦食品产业的完善和发展提供参考。     

面粉厂小麦储藏技术

小麦是我国主要粮食之一,年产量仅次于稻谷。小麦能制作出多种多样的食品,深受人们喜爱,我国小麦口粮消费占小麦消费总量的95％以上。新收获的小麦经过一段时间储藏后,其种用品质、食用品质和工艺品质都会得到改善。小麦具有较好的耐储性,是一种重要的储备粮。     

面粉品质改良剂的开发、创新、应用是一个永恒的课题

0前言　　面粉是人类最主要的食物之一,又是面制品加工的最重要原料,其品质的好坏直接影响到面制品的质量。面粉品质改良剂是专用于改善小麦面粉及其制品品质,延长食品保质期,改善食品加工性能,增强食品营养价值的一类化学合成或天然物质。面粉品质改良剂在现代专用面粉的配制以及面制品的生产过程中发挥了极其重要的作用。1面粉的品质特性与品质改良剂的相互关系　　面粉的筋性大小主要由面筋蛋白质的数量和质量决定。面粉必须要有筋性,没有筋性就没有面制品的框架结构,就不会使面制品具有良好的形状和内部组织。不同面制品从质量上…     

酶制剂在全麦食品品质改良中的应用研究

介绍了全麦粉的概念、营养保健价值,分析了全麦粉及其食品加工中存在的问题及解决途径,综述了酶制剂在全麦粉品质改良中的作用机理和对全麦食品品质的影响,提出了酶制剂在全麦食品品质改良应用方面的建议。     

冷冻面制品品质改良研究进展

冷冻面制品具有方便快捷、保质期长、便于储藏运输、生产效率高、易实现产品质量标准化等优点,其产业规模发展迅速。但在其生产和冷冻过程中,由不稳定的环境条件所引起的产品品质劣变不容忽视,仍需对其品质改良方法进行探究。本文从引起冷冻面制品品质劣变的影响因素为切入点,从生产工艺优化和添加剂使用2个方面对目前冷冻面制品改良方法的研究进展进行了综述,包括生产方式、加工条件、冷冻解冻方式、辅助冷冻技术以及各类食品添加剂的使用情况,对冷冻面制品品质改良的未来研究前景进行了展望,旨在为其创新性发展和研究提供借鉴。     

面制品抗老化的研究进展

目前,全世界面制品产品有5 000多种。由于其丰富的产品种类,对面制品的加工及保存特性的研究显得尤为重要。面食耐储存、易加工,但是其在特定环境下又易老化,严重影响食品品质。因此应充分开发其营养价值及商业应用。对面制品抗老化的研究,该文主要从其生产工艺改进,监控检测技术,面粉成分和面制品改良剂等方面进行,以提高面制品质量,生产出更适合人们口感,具有较长货架期甚至具有某些特殊功效的产品。     

全麦食品的营养功能与开发现状分析

全麦食品是一类保留小麦麸皮和小麦胚芽加工而成的健康食品,近年来国内外对其均有较深入的研究。我国全麦食品市场起步虽晚,但随着我国经济水平和科技水平的提升,人们对个人的日常膳食营养结构越发重视,全麦食品也因其独特的营养特性而逐渐成为人们耳熟能详的健康食品。综述了全麦食品的营养特性、生理功能、开发现状及分析其存在问题,以促进全麦食品的市场开拓和产品的进一步开发研究。     

全麦冷冻面团研究进展

冷冻面团是全麦食品的一种良好载体,可简化生产操作,降低加工难度,加快全麦食品的工业化生产。综述了全麦食品中的膳食纤维对面团及冷冻面团品质的影响,在冷冻和冷藏过程中全麦冷冻面团的发酵特性和流变学特性的变化,以及食品改良剂对全麦冷冻面团的品质改善等研究。通过分析全麦冷冻面团中面筋蛋白、淀粉、发酵特性、流变学特性等在冷冻和冷藏过程中劣变原因,为改善全麦冷冻面团的品质提供理论基础和实践参考。     

全麦粉及制品：营养组成、健康功效与品质改良（网络首发、推荐阅读）

谷物碾磨技术的发展促进了粮食加工的精细化进程,但长期精白面制品的摄入造成了营养不均衡,高血压、糖尿病和心脑血管疾病的发病率逐年增加。全麦粉含有小麦籽粒中的所有组分,富含膳食纤维、维生素和矿物质等生理活性物质,具有降低血糖、抗氧化、清除自由基和增强免疫力等功效,因此以全麦粉制成为原料制成的全麦食品是改变膳食结构,改善健康水平的理想选择。对比了全麦粉与精白面粉的营养组成差异,总结了全麦粉的特征营养素如膳食纤维、酚酸、不饱和脂肪酸、植物甾醇、木脂素等,从减重、预防2型糖尿病和干预心脑血管疾病等三个方面综述了全麦食品的健康功效,还对全麦烘焙类、蒸煮类和油炸类食品的品质改良方法进行了总结,以期为全麦食品的继续开发和推广提供理论和实践参考。     

稳定化全麦粉的品质评价

对稳定化全麦粉的水分、灰分、湿面筋、降落指数、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、总膳食纤维、可溶性膳食纤维、烷基间苯二酚、总酚、B族维生素、矿物元素、总抗氧化值、脂肪酸值、储藏稳定性等品质指标进行分析研究。结果表明,稳定化全麦粉的灰分、总膳食纤维、总抗氧化值、B族维生素及矿物元素指标高于普通小麦粉2～5倍,烷基间苯二酚含量达10倍多,其他指标与普通小麦粉相当。全麦粉储存4个月后,其脂肪酸值仍满足小麦粉的中国国家标准要求。稳定化全麦粉相比于普通小麦粉具有更好的营养价值。     

山药对蒸煮、焙烤面制品品质的影响研究进展

山药是一种常见的药食同源植物，其含有大量多糖、皂苷、黄酮等活性成分，具有提高免疫力、抗氧化、抗肿瘤、降血糖、降血脂等功效。随着人们对健康、营养食品的迫切需求，山药在面制品中的应用越来越广泛，已开发了山药挂面、山药饼干、山药面包等多种面制品。诸多研究表明，山药加入面制品后会改变面团的结构和特性，影响蛋白质、淀粉等化学组分之间的相互作用，致使面制品的感官品质、营养成分、质构特性等发生变化，而目前尚未见有关山药对蒸煮、焙烤面制品品质影响的系统论述。因此，本文从山药对面团品质的影响入手，系统综述了山药对蒸煮类面制品（如面条、馒头）、焙烤类面制品（如面包、饼干）品质的影响，以期为山药资源的开发和利用、山药面制品的深度研发提供理论参考。     

Extension of shelf-life of whole-wheat flour by gamma radiation

The effect of low-dose gamma irradiation (0.25–1.00 kGy) on pre-packed whole-wheat flour (atta) was assessed in terms of physico-chemical properties, nutritional quality, chapati-making quality and sensory attributes. Semi-pilot scale storage studies on irradiated pre-packed whole-wheat flour revealed that there was no adverse effect of irradiation and storage up to 6 months of whole-wheat flour treated at doses up to 1.00 kGy on total proteins, fat, carbohydrates, vitamin B₁ and B₂ content, colour index, sedimentation value, dough properties, total bacterial and mould count. Storage of wheat flour resulted in slight increase in moisture, free fatty acids, damaged starch, reducing sugars and slight decrease in gelatinization viscosity.
However, irradiation as such had no effect on any of these parameters. Irradiation at 0.25 kGy was sufficient to extend the shelf-life of atta up to 6 months without any significant change in the nutritional, functional attributes. Chapaties made from irradiated atta (0.25 kGy) were preferred even after 6 months storage, compared with the control.     

麸皮稳定化处理方式对全麦粉品质的影响

研究了微波、常压蒸汽和挤压三种麸皮稳定化处理方式对全麦粉理化性质、加工品质、贮藏稳定性及抗氧化活性的影响。结果表明:挤压处理降低了全麦粉湿面筋含量;挤压和蒸汽处理显著提高了全麦粉的降落数值（P<0.05）,微波处理对降落数值没有显著性差异。蒸汽处理后,全麦面团的稳定时间和粉质质量指数显著提升（P<0.05）,全麦粉的弱化度显著降低（P<0.05）,微波、蒸汽和挤压组的脂肪酶及脂肪氧化酶的活力显著降低（P<0.05）;在全麦粉贮藏期间,挤压和蒸汽组的脂肪酸值较低（<120 mg/100 g）,且上升缓慢,改善了全麦粉稳定性,而微波组的脂肪酸值上升较快,且脂肪酸值较高（>120 mg/100 g）。挤压和蒸汽组的多酚和黄酮含量及多酚对ABTS+·清除能力和氧自由基吸收能力均显著低于微波组（P<0.05）。根据全麦粉的贮藏稳定性和全麦面团的品质,麸皮常压蒸汽稳定化处理适合于全麦粉加工。     

Composition,processing, and quality control of whole flaxseed products used to fortify foods

Whole flaxseed (flour) as a good source of omega-3 fatty acid and phytochemicals with excellent nutritional and functional attributes has been used to enrich foods for health promotion and disease prevention. However, several limitations and contemporary challenges still impact the development of whole flaxseed (flour)-enriched products on the global market, such as naturally occurring antinutritional factors and entrapment of nutrients within food matrix. Whole flaxseed (flour) with different existing forms could variably alter the techno-functional performance of food matrix, and ultimately affect the edible qualities of fortified food products. The potential interaction mechanism between the subject and object components in fortified products has not been elucidated yet. Hence, in this paper, the physical structure and component changes of flaxseed (flour) by pretreatments coupled with their potential influences on the edible qualities of multiple fortified food products were summarized and analyzed. In addition, several typical food products, including baked, noodle, and dairy products were preferentially selected to investigate the potential influencing mechanisms of flaxseed (flour) on different substrate components. In particular, the altered balance between water absorption of flaxseed protein/gum polysaccharides and the interruption of gluten network, lipid lubrication, lipid–amylose complexes, syneresis, and so forth, were thoroughly elucidated. The overall impact of incorporating whole flaxseed (flour) on the quality and nutritional attributes of fortified food products, coupled with the possible solutions against negative influences are aimed. This paper could provide useful information for expanding the application of whole flaxseed (flour) based on the optimal edible and nutritional properties of fortified food products.     

Evaluation of mannitol and xylitol on the quality of wheat flour and extruded flour products

Effects of polyols (mannitol and xylitol) on physical properties, pasting properties and dynamic rheological properties of wheat flour and the microstructure, water activity (A_w), radial expansion ratio (ER), oil absorption rate (OAR) and texture of extruded flour products were evaluated in this work. The results show that both mannitol and xylitol can promote gluten network formation, enhance tensile resistance and increase the storage modulus (G') and loss modulus (G'') of the dough. More dense and uniform particles were also found on the surface of extruded flour products in the presence of polyols by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Furthermore, the A_w, hardness and chewiness were reduced while the ER and ORA were increased for extruded flour products by incorporation of polyols. Thus, the extruded flour products with improved quality by polyols exhibit great application prospect in food industry.     

挤压处理对麸皮、胚芽及全麦粉品质的影响研究

研究了全麦粉稳定化加工过程中挤压热处理对麸皮与胚芽的脂肪酸值、烷基间苯二酚、B族维生素、植酸、总酚、总抗氧化值等品质指标的影响。结果表明,挤压处理能有效地降低麸皮和胚芽的脂肪酸值,提高其抗氧化活性;有利于提高全麦粉的储藏稳定性;同时有利于保留麸皮与胚芽中的生理活性组分,很好的保持全麦粉的营养价值。因此,挤压加工是一种有效的全麦粉稳定化处理工艺。     

大豆分离蛋白与小麦粉复配对面制食品品质影响的研究进展

综述了添加大豆分离蛋白对面条、面包、馒头等面制品食用品质的影响,得出在小麦粉中添加适量的大豆分离蛋白后,能够使其蛋白质含量增加,有效地改善面制品的食用品质、面筋强度、流变学性质、营养价值,延长其货架期。     

Studying the effects of whole-wheat flour on the rheological properties and the quality attributes of whole-wheat saltine cracker using SRC,alveograph, rheometer,and NMR technique

Quality attributes of soft wheat products are affected by physicochemical characteristics and rheological properties of wheat flour. Whole-wheat flour has a significant impact on baking qualities (stack height, stack weight, specific volume, and breaking strength) of whole-wheat saltine crackers due to its high water absorption capacity. SRC profiles, alveograph and rheometer parameters were determined to observe the effect of whole-wheat flour on whole-wheat cracker flour blends. NMR technique was utilized to demonstrate the water migration and competition in whole-wheat dough components. Results of SRC testing revealed that the water absorption of whole-wheat flour blends increased with the addition level of whole-wheat flour. The rheological properties (G′, G″, P, L, W values) were influenced significantly by the presence of whole-wheat flour. Results of NMR indicated that water migrated from gluten network into arabinoxylans matrix in whole-wheat dough system, resulting in inferior saltine cracker-baking qualities of whole-wheat flour, i.e., small breaking strength, stack height and specific volume. The stack height, specific volume, and breaking strength of end products showed significant correlations with the arabinoxylans, dough extensibility, and gluten index of whole-wheat flour.