玉米蛋白粉二次开发及应用

玉米蛋白粉是玉米加工副产物,除作饲料外还有很多用途;该文简介玉米蛋白粉化学成分、营养价值及其独特氨基酸组成;概述利用玉米蛋白粉二次开发可制得氨基酸、玉米醇溶蛋白、玉米黄色素和生物活性肽等深加工产品。     

玉米蛋白粉的营养价值及二次开发的潜力

玉米蛋白粉是玉米加工中的副产物,除作饲料外还有很多用途.文章简单介绍了玉米蛋白粉的化学成分、营养价值及其独特的氨基酸组成,阐述了国内当前利用玉米蛋白粉二次开发制得氨基酸、玉米醇溶蛋白、玉米黄色素和生物活性肽等深加工产品.     

玉米活性肽制备最佳工艺条件研究

玉米是世界上三大粮食作物之一,玉米深加工产业拥有巨大的市场潜力.玉米蛋白粉是玉米深加工的重要副产物之一,由于其气味独特、色泽鲜艳、水溶性差,目前绝大部分均制成畜禽饲料或者随着废水被排掉,并未得到很好的开发,这样既浪费了宝贵资源,又造成严重的环境污染.玉米蛋白粉俗称玉米黄粉,主要成分为玉米蛋白,其蛋白质含量高达60%以上,除此以外还含有少量的淀粉、脂肪、纤维类胡萝卜素.利用玉米黄粉可提取天然食用色素、玉米醇溶蛋白及谷氨酸等,还能制备具有多种生理功能的玉米活性肽,如谷氨酰胺肽、高F值低聚肽、降血压肽和玉米蛋白肽等.     

玉米蛋白肽的生产加工研究现状

玉米蛋白粉是生产玉米淀粉的副产物,因其色泽为玉米黄,又称"黄粉".它缺少赖氨酸、色氨酸等人体必需氨基酸,生物学价值低,严重影响了其在食品工业中的应用.而将玉米蛋白粉经过一定得加工就可以得到玉米活性肽.玉米活性肽是比蛋白质简单、分子量小,由氨基酸通过肽键相连的一类化合物.虽然玉米活性肽的肽链较短,但易于被人体消化吸收,而且能改善身体素质等诸多保健功能.制备玉米蛋白肽的方法主要有酶法、微生物法、化学合成法.其中酶法已经得到广泛的应用,但产物具有较大的苦味;微生物法不但可以利用微生物产生的胞外酶有效地分解蛋白质,还可以通过自身的分解合成代谢去除寡肽两端的苦味;而合成法不适合工业化生产.因此,目前最佳生产玉米蛋白肽是微生物法.通过对玉米蛋白粉进行水解,可以获得降压肽、抗疲劳肽、抗氧化肽等,高F值寡肽.     

四种植物蛋白的成分与营养学特性分析

分析了4种植物蛋白的氨基酸组成特征和营养学特性。玉米蛋白粉、大豆粉、棉籽蛋白粉、花生饼粉蛋白质质量分数分别为61.60%,38.18%,51.49%,43.15%。大豆粉氨基酸组成比较均衡;棉籽蛋白粉、花生饼粉中多种必需氨基酸组成与大豆蛋白接近,但蛋氨酸含量较低;玉米蛋白粉富含亮氨酸、异亮氨酸、缬氨酸等支链氨基酸,但其中赖氨酸、色氨酸含量明显低于其他3种植物蛋白。建议根据蛋白资源的氨基酸特色组成,合理搭配互补,以提高谷物蛋白质营养价值。     

玉米蛋白粉综合加工利用研究的新进展

玉米蛋白粉是玉米加工中副产物，除作饲料外还有很多用途。简单介绍了玉米蛋白粉的化学成分、营养价值及其独特的氨基酸组成，阐述了利用玉米蛋白粉二次开发可得蛋白发酵粉、氨基酸、玉米醇溶蛋白、玉米黄色素和生物活性肽等深加工产品。     

玉米蛋白粉深加工应用的新进展

玉米蛋白粉是玉米加工中副产物，除作饲料外还有很多用途。文章简单介绍了玉米蛋白粉的化学成分、营养价值及其独特的氨基酸组成，阐述了利用玉米蛋白粉二次开发可得蛋白发酵粉、氨基酸、玉米醇溶蛋白、玉米黄色素和生物活性肽等深加工产品。     

玉米蛋白粉的综合利用

玉米蛋白粉是玉米淀粉加工的副产物之一,其中含有蛋白质、淀粉以及玉米黄色素。玉米醇溶蛋白是一种理想的天然保鲜剂,可以采用乙醇或是超声波提取;玉米黄色素可用于食品的着色,通常采用有机溶剂、酶或是超声波提取;玉米蛋白水用酶解制得具有生物活性的肽,具有保健功能。     

玉米肽在健康食品中的研究与应用

玉米肽是以玉米蛋白粉为原料,经水解过程得到的分子量小但活性高的短肽分子组成的混合物。相对于氨基酸或蛋白质而言,玉米肽更易于人体吸收,并且在大范围PH下完全溶于水,无浑浊现象和沉淀物产生。此外,玉米肽的热稳定性好,组分不改变,功能不丧失,且无毒副作用,是一种安全可靠的天然食品蛋白。     

玉米蛋白粉的应用研究进展

综述了玉米蛋白粉的组成、营养价值及其成分特点,并且阐述了国内利用玉米蛋白粉开发出的提取玉米黄色素、天然β-胡萝卜素、玉米醇溶蛋白、氨基酸,制备玉米活性肽等用途。     

响应面法优化玉米蛋白挤出工艺

双螺杆挤出改性处理脱脂玉米蛋白粉。以脱脂玉米蛋白粉含水量、挤出温度、螺杆转速为响应因素,可溶性蛋白含量为响应值,采用响应面分析方法,确定脱脂玉米蛋白粉挤出改性的最佳工艺条件。结果表明：物料含水量68%、挤出温度163℃、螺杆转速30Hz(225r/min)时,挤出脱脂玉米蛋白粉中可溶性蛋白含量最高,为3.43%。采用十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)测定挤出改性后玉米可溶性蛋白的分子质量分布,结果显示其分子质量介于3500～14300D之间,且主要是分子质量为3500～6500D的多肽。改性后的玉米蛋白粉其理化性质都有了较明显的改善,说明双螺杆挤出改性玉米蛋白粉效果明显,切实可行。     

玉米多肽制备方法及其功能活性研究进展

玉米蛋白粉是玉米湿磨生产淀粉中的主要副产品,其低水溶性、必需氨基酸缺陷等因素限制了其在食品工业中的应用。水解玉米蛋白粉制备玉米多肽是其高附加值利用方式之一,可以极大提高玉米蛋白粉的功能性和生物活性。本文重点介绍了玉米多肽的主要制备方法以及玉米多肽在抗氧化、抗血糖、抗高血压、醒酒护肝等方面的生物学功能,归纳总结了现有研究存在的问题及未来的发展前景,对食品企业高效利用玉米蛋白粉开发生物活性肽、提升行业经济效益具有重要意义。     

玉米蛋白粉日粮纤维和能量对猪氮代谢的影响

平均体重 5 0 .9kg生长猪 ,采用全收粪法 ,6× 6拉丁方试验设计 ,测定不同种类的玉米蛋白粉日粮纤维和能量对生长猪氮代谢的影响。试验结果 :玉米蛋白粉 (CP :5 2 % )、玉米蛋白粉 (CP :47.4% )、玉米蛋白粉 (CP :32 % ) 3种日粮 ,氮的消化率分别为 87.9% ,88.9% ,89.7% ;总氮利用率分别为 5 2 .6 4% ,49.0 2 % ,37.86 % ;粪氮与日粮氮比值分别为 12 .0 % ,11.1% ,10 .5 %。玉米蛋白粉日粮的氮沉积量、氮消化率、总氮利用率与日粮的NDF ,ADF ,CF的消化率呈线性正相关。日粮的粪氮与日粮氮比值 ,同日粮的NDF ,ADF ,CF的消化率呈线性负相关 ,同日粮的NDF或CF含量呈线性正相关     

Protein sources evaluated for ruminating Holstein calves

Fifty calves were fed a basal diet of 11.6% crude protein or one of four diets (15.5% crude protein) containing added soybean meal, corn gluten meal, cottonseed meal, or fish meal. Diets were calculated 75% total digestible nutrients. Body weight gain increased an average of 17% with added protein. Fish meal and soybean meal generated highest rates of gain. Ruminal ammonia-nitrogen was higher for soybean meal and cottonseed meal than other diets, indicating greater rates of degradability. Molar proportions of rumen volatile fatty acids were not different among diets, but concentration was lower for fish meal. Serum urea nitrogen was lowest for the basal and fish meal diets. Microbial nitrogen in the abomasum was 33.6% of total nitrogen for corn gluten meal and 42.8% for soybean meal. Apparent dry matter and nitrogen digestibilities were greater for corn gluten meal and fish meal diets than for soybean meal or cottonseed meal diets. Rumen degradability of feedstuffs, as determined by dacron bag technique, ranged from 38.1% for corn gluten meal to 71.3% for soybean meal. Degradability of mixed diets reflected those of the protein supplement present in each diet except for diet containing cottonseed meal. Fish meal and soybean meal were better protein sources for growth of ruminating calves than were corn gluten meal or cottonseed meal.     

营养玉米饺子粉配粉工艺及品质特性研究

研究以玉米粉-膨化玉米粉为主,添加活性谷朊粉和大豆蛋白制备营养玉米饺子粉的工艺。通过单因素和正交试验,获取最佳配比为玉米原粉：玉米膨化粉：活性谷朊粉：大豆蛋白为51：34：10：5。在此条件下营养玉米饺子粉的感官评分最佳,蒸煮损失率为6．45％,延伸性为10．612mm,回复性为0．287。     

Corn gluten meal and blood meal mixture for dairy cows in midlactation

Twelve midlactation Holstein cows were assigned to a switchback design with 4-wk periods to compare a corn gluten meal and blood meal mixture with soybean meal as supplemental protein sources. All experimental diets contained 60% ammoniated corn silage, on a dry basis, and a corn and oats (2:1) basal concentrate mixture. Diets were: urea control (12.5% CP); soybean meal (16.1% CP); low protein (14.3% CP) corn gluten and blood meal mixture; and high protein (16.8% CP) corn gluten and blood meal mixture. Cows fed the control diet consumed less DM, and produced less milk containing a lower percentage of protein than cows fed other diets. Protein efficiency and milk fat percentage were higher for cows fed the control diet than for cows fed the natural protein diets. Fat-corrected milk and fat yields did not differ among diets. The high protein diets (16.1 and 16.8% CP) decreased protein efficiency and increased SNF percentage. Milk yield per unit of DM intake was higher when cows fed the lower degradable protein source (corn gluten-blood meal) than when they were fed soybean meal. The low degradable protein mixture produced a similar lactation response to soybean meal at both the high and low concentrations of total dietary protein. This study indicates that the dietary protein and undegradable protein concentration needed by midlactation Holstein fed complete mixed diets may be lower than generally recommended.     

玉米蛋白加工利用研究进展

在湿法玉米淀粉加工中,玉米蛋白存在于副产物玉米黄粉、玉米胚芽饼和玉米浆中。文章在分析玉米蛋白氨基酸组成等特性的基础上,综合分析玉米蛋白加工利用现状和玉米蛋白水解物的功能特性,指出玉米蛋白水解物在食品工业上应用的潜力。     

Effects of source and amount of protein on ruminal fermentation and passage of nutrients to the small intestine of lactating cows

Four Holstein cows fitted with ruminal and duodenal cannulas were used in a 4 x 4 Latin square to investigate the effects of source (corn gluten meal or soybean meal) and amount (14.5 or 11.0%) of CP on ruminal fermentation, passage of nutrients to the small intestine, and animal performance. Cows wee fed for ad libitum intake a diet of 60% corn silage and 40% concentrate on a DM basis. The treatments, arranged in a 2 x 2 (source x amount of CP) factorial, were 1) 14.5% CP, soybean meal; 2) 11.0% CP, soybean meal; 3) 14.5% CP, corn gluten meal; and 4) 11.0% CP, corn gluten meal. Digestion in the rumen of OM, starch, ADF, and NDF was not affected by source or amount of CP in the diet. Total VFA and NH3 concentrations in ruminal fluid were increased by feeding diets that contained 14.5% CP or soybean meal. FLows of non-NH3 N and amino acids to the duodenum were greater in cows fed the 14.5% CP diets because of a greater flow of non-NH3 nonmicrobial N to the duodenum. Larger amounts of lysine passed to the duodenum when cows were fed soybean meal compared with corn gluten meal. Microbial N flow to the duodenum and efficiency of microbial growth were not affected by treatments, suggesting that ruminal NH3 concentration was not limiting for maximal microbial protein synthesis. Feeding 14.5% CP diets increased the production of milk (29.5 vs. 26.8 kg/d) and milk protein compared with 11.0% CP diets, possibly because of greater passage of amino acids to the small intestine. Feeding soybean meal to cows increased production of milk protein compared with feeding corn gluten meal, possibly because more lysine passed to the small intestine.     

Production responses of dairy cows fed various amounts of rumen-protected methionine and lysine

A 3 x 3 factorial response surface design was used to study the effects of feeding rumen-protected methionine and lysine to dairy cows between 22 and 305 d of lactation. A total of 130 dairy cows at three universities were individually fed a corn silage and corn grain-based diet that contained either soybean meal or corn gluten meal and urea. An unsupplemented control diet plus nine treatment combinations of three amounts of rumen-protected DL-methionine (3.4, 7.8, and 12.2 g/d) and three amounts of rumen-protected L-lysine (5.9, 13.5, and 21.1 g/d) were fed at all locations. Plasma concentrations of methionine and lysine were increased when rumen-protected methionine and lysine were supplemented to the diets. Rumen-protected methionine and lysine did not affect feed intake by cows fed either by soybean meal or corn gluten meal and urea based diets. Milk protein percentage was increased, but milk and milk protein yields were not improved when diets containing soybean meal were supplemented with rumen-protected methionine and lysine. In contrast, milk and milk protein yields were improved when a diet that contained corn gluten meal and urea was supplemented with rumen-protected methionine and lysine. Health and reproduction measurements were similar for cows receiving all treatments.     

Investigation of Cornmeal Components Using Dynamic Vapor Sorption and Differential Scanning Calorimetry

Degermed cornmeal, native starch, and corn gluten meal were individually extruded. DVS technology was used to produce isotherms and to condition extrudates to a constant moisture for Tg analysis. The DVS method results are compared to a PEC method. DSC was used to determine Tg. Isotherm and Tg data for starch and corn gluten meal were used to predict cornmeal snack sorption and Tg behavior. The Tg for extruded cornmeal, dent starch, and corn gluten meal at 18.5%db moisture content were 46.2, 49.4, and 12.7 °C, respectively. This suggests that the polymeric fractions of cornmeal (starch, protein) contribute to the Tg of cornmeal approximately based on the weight fraction of each polymer.