索氏提取-气相色谱-质谱法测定卷烟主流烟气中苯并[a]芘

为简化样品前处理操作步骤,减小分析误差,设计了一种带有柱层析净化功能的索氏提取装置,基于该装置建立了测定卷烟主流烟气中苯并[a]芘(B[a]P)释放量的索氏提取-气相色谱-质谱(GC/MS)方法,并采用该方法对肯塔基参比卷烟2R4F和14个不同类型的卷烟样品进行了测定。结果表明:1利用该装置可直接对捕集卷烟主流烟气总粒相物后的剑桥滤片进行提取、净化和浓缩,浓缩液用GC/MS在选择离子监测模式下进行测定。2方法的线性范围为5~500 ng/mL(R~2=0.999 5),B[a]P的加标回收率为95.4%~104.2%,平均相对标准偏差(RSD)2.32%,检测限0.12 ng/支。32R4F参比卷烟和14个不同类型卷烟样品主流烟气中B[a]P的测定结果与采用GB/T 21130—2007方法的测定结果基本一致。该方法操作简便,灵敏度和准确度较高,适用于卷烟主流烟气中B[a]P的测定。     

气相色谱—串联质谱法测定卷烟主流烟气中苯并[a]芘及其同分异构体含量

应用气相色谱—串联质谱技术(GC-MS/MS)建立一种测定卷烟主流烟气中苯并[a]芘及其同分异构体苯并[b]荧蒽(B[b]F)、苯并[k]荧蒽(B[k]F)、苯并[j]荧蒽(B[j]F)、苯并[j]醋蒽烯(B[j]A)、苯并[e]醋蒽烯(B[e]A)、苯并[e]芘(B[e]P)、苝(PER)含量的方法,并以内标法定量。结果表明,目标物的检出限、定量限分别为0.056 6~0.181 7,0.188 6~0.605 5 ng/支,线性相关系数达0.998以上;日内重复性和日间重现性分别为1.91%~3.97%,2.54%~4.46%;3种不同添加浓度下,加标回收率为92.60%~107.60%。表明试验方法操作简便、重复性好、受环境和人为因素干扰较小,可作为一种卷烟主流烟气中苯并[a]芘及其同分异构体含量的快速检测方法加以推广。     

基质匹配溶剂校准-GC-MS/MS法测定卷烟主流烟气B[a]P

为建立基质匹配溶剂校准-GC-MS/MS法快速测定卷烟主流烟气中B[a]P的方法,卷烟烟气经捕集后,采用振荡提取方式,萃取液直接进行色谱分析。考察了基质匹配溶剂的制备过程,比较了色谱进样方式、质谱参数等条件对目标物出峰情况的影响,优选了样品前处理步骤及样品提取方式。结果表明:①在优化条件下,目标物在1.04~20.8 ng/mL浓度范围内线性良好(R~2为0.999 6),加标回收率在94.62%~104.81%之间,日内和日间相对标准偏差(RSDs)分别介于3.13%~3.80%和5.41%~6.94%之间,检出限为0.14 ng/支,定量限为0.46 ng/支,低于国标方法报道值。②18个不同盒标焦油量的细支和常规卷烟分析结果显示,本方法测定结果与现行国标方法基本一致。该方法具有操作简便、耗费溶剂少、灵敏度高等特点,适合于卷烟主流烟气B[a]P释放量的快速测定。     

不同材料组合对卷烟主流烟气中苯并[a]芘释放量的影响

为研究不同卷烟材料参数(卷烟纸、接装纸和成型纸透气度,复合滤嘴丝端和嘴端丝束规格(丝束指数I),添加剂A(安息香树脂)和B(香柠檬油)用量对卷烟主流烟气中苯并[a]芘(B[a]P)释放量的影响,采用均匀设计实验方案制备了不同材料组合的试验卷烟样品,通过因子影响效应分析方法对主流烟气中B[a]P释放量数据进行了分析,并对优化的卷烟材料组合进行了验证。结果表明:1成型纸透气度对主流烟气中B[a]P释放量的影响不显著,其余6种因子对B[a]P释放量贡献的大小顺序为:添加剂B用量滤嘴丝端丝束指数I滤嘴嘴端丝束指数I=卷烟纸透气度接装纸透气度添加剂A用量,且存在着两两交互作用;2较低主流烟气B[a]P释放量的卷烟材料参数组合为:卷烟纸透气度50 CU、接装纸透气度400 CU、滤嘴丝端丝束规格3.5 Y/34 000、滤嘴嘴端丝束规格3.0 Y/35 000、添加剂A用量2.436 mg/支和添加剂B用量2.100 mg/支;3与正常生产的对照样品相比,采用优化的材料参数组合制备的卷烟样品其主流烟气B[a]P释放量降低了48.87%。     

造纸法再造烟叶对卷烟烟气有害成分释放量的影响

为考察造纸法再造烟叶对卷烟烟气有害成分释放量的影响,分别添加0%、3.94%、7.87%、11.81%、39.37%、78.7%(占总组分)的造纸法再造烟叶,测定卷烟烟气中苯并[a]芘(B[a]P)、NNK、CO、氢氰酸(HCN)、氨(NH3)、苯酚、巴豆醛等7种有害成分含量。结果表明:添加造纸法再造烟叶,能有效降低卷烟烟气中苯酚等6种有害成分的释放量,具有显著线性相关关系,对CO释放量的影响不大,影响程度由大到小依次为:苯酚B[a]PHCN巴豆醛NNKNH3CO;增加造纸法再造烟叶的使用比例能有效降低卷烟危害性评价指数,两者具有显著线性相关关系。     

冷阱捕集-气相色谱-质谱法测定卷烟主流烟气气相物中的苯系物

建立了同时选择性检测卷烟主流烟气气相物中7种苯系物(苯、甲苯、乙苯、对-二甲苯、间-二甲苯、邻-二甲苯和苯乙烯)的冷阱捕集-气相色谱-质谱联用(GC/MS)分析方法,并考察了5种不同品牌卷烟样品在深度抽吸与ISO抽吸模式下主流烟气苯系物的释放量。主流烟气气相物中的苯系物经含有内标邻-二甲苯-d10的冷甲醇吸收后在选择离子监测模式下进行GC/MS分析。结果表明:方法的检出限(LOD)和定量限(LOQ)分别为0.006和0.018μg/支,加标回收率为95.8%~110.1%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.1%~4.6%。深度抽吸模式下卷烟主流烟气气相物中苯系物的释放量约为ISO模式的两倍。该方法适合用于卷烟主流烟气气相物中7种苯系物释放量测定。     

PTV-GC/MS-SIM法检测卷烟烟气中的B[a]P

采用程序升温汽化(programmed temperature vaporization,PTV)大体积进样与气相色谱-质谱选择离子扫描模式(GC/MS-SIM)联用,检测了卷烟主流烟气中苯并[a]芘(benzo[a]pyrene B[a]P),优化了PTV-GC/MS-SIM检测卷烟烟气B[a]P的参数。样品经反相C18固相萃取柱(solid-phase extraction,SPE)纯化后的洗脱液不再需要浓缩,直接应用PTV技术进样,提高了洗脱液的利用率,缩短了分析时间,提高了GC/MS-SIM检测卷烟烟气B[a]P的灵敏度。     

《中国烟草学报》2007年第13卷总目次

工业基质固相分散-高效液相色谱法同时测定烟草中的有机酸…………………………………………陈章玉,缪明明,孔维松,等(1)11高效液相色谱-内标法测定卷烟烟气粒相物中的B[a]P……………………………………………刘少民,丁斌,童红武,等(1)15全二维气相色谱飞行时间质谱分析烤烟半挥发性中性化学成分……………………………………鹿洪亮,赵明月,刘惠民,等(1)20抽吸参数对卷烟燃烧温度及主流烟气中某些化学成分的影响………………………………………郑赛晶,顾文博,张建平,等(2)6抽吸条件对卷烟主流烟气苯并[a]芘释放量影响的研究……………………     

气相色谱-串联质谱法同时检测卷烟主流烟气中的苯并[a]芘和NNK

建立了同时测定卷烟主流烟气中苯并[a]芘(Ba P)和4-(N-甲基-N-亚硝氨基)-1-(3-吡啶基)-1-丁酮(NNK)的气相色谱-串联质谱(GC-MS/MS)方法。用剑桥滤片捕集卷烟主流烟气粒相物后再用甲苯进行振荡萃取,萃取液经过基质分散固相萃取净化及氮吹浓缩后采用DB-35MS色谱柱分离、多反应监测(MRM)模式分析,内标法定量。结果表明:①NNK和BaP的定量限、加标回收率、相对标准偏差(RSD)分别为0.36和0.29 ng/支,78.8%~95.5%和101.6%~106.6%,2.3%~15.4%和2.9%~14.4%。②与标准方法相比,该方法前处理简单,可实现两种目标物的同时测定。③采用该方法与现有标准方法对27个卷烟的检测结果显示两组数据的一致性较好,无显著性差异。该方法操作简单、结果准确,适用于同时分析卷烟主流烟气中NNK和BaP的释放量。      

填充柱气相色谱法测定卷烟及烟气中的薄荷醇

建立了以正十七碳烷为内标物 ,异丙醇为萃取剂 ,15 0～ 190 μm(80～ 10 0目 )酸洗的硅烷化担体上涂渍 10 %PEG2 0M + 2 %KOH为固定相 ,采用填充柱气相色谱仪测定卷烟和烟气中薄荷醇含量的方法。并采用该法测定了 6种卷烟的烟丝、滤嘴、烟气粒相物以及燃吸后的烟蒂中薄荷醇含量。实验结果表明 ,薄荷醇与内标物或其他组分均分离完全 ,且峰形良好 ,平均回收率和RSD分别达到 10 0 .4 %和1.98%。     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

The Ministry of Environmental Protection Issued "Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Control in Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry (Trial)" and Two Other Guiding Technical Documents

On December 27t＂, 2013, the Ministry of Environmenta Protection announced that, in order to implement ＂The Environmental Protection Law of the People＇ s Republic of China＂, improve the working system in environmenta protection technologies, and promote technologica advancement in pollution prevention, the Ministry of Environmental Protection sponsored the formulation of three guiding technical documents including ＂Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Contro n Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry （Trial）＂     

1~(st) Intelli-Tissue~ EcoEc Tissue Machine Supplied by PMP Group Successfully Put into Operation in China

正On April 29th,2014,Intelli-Tissue EcoEc tissue machine supplied by PMP Group successfully put into operation at Hebei Xuesong Paper Co.,Ltd.,this is the first such kind of paper machine of PMP Group in China.