碳酸饮料絮凝物的微生物分离及其耐酸性研究

从碳酸饮料的絮凝物中分离出的微生物,经过形态学特征及生理生化特性分析,获得了3株明串珠菌属菌株,鉴定为:假肠膜明串珠菌1株,肠膜明串珠菌葡聚糖亚种2株。对3株菌株进行了pH3.0的耐酸性研究,其中3#呈现出最强的耐酸性和碳酸饮料的适应性。     

传统四川泡菜发酵过程中明串珠菌的分离鉴定

分别以红皮萝卜、卷心菜、豇豆为原料,用自然发酵法制作了三种四川泡菜。对三种泡菜发酵过程中的明串珠菌进行分离,主要得到四种不同形态的菌株,将其分别命名为:MC-1、MC-2、MC-13、J-5,其中J-5为豇豆泡菜特有,其余为三种泡菜共有。采用生理生化结合16SrDNA序列鉴定对分离的菌株进行鉴定,依次鉴定为:乳明串珠菌(L.lactis)、肠膜明串株菌葡聚糖亚种(L.mesenteroides subsp.dextranicum)、柠檬明串珠菌(L.citreum)、假肠膜明串珠菌(L.pseudomesenteroide)。对发酵过程中明串珠菌动态分析表明:L.lactis、L.mesenteroides subsp.dextranicum为三种泡菜中的主要优势明串珠菌;L.citreum在发酵第2~4d出现后很快又消失;L.pseudomesenteroide在豇豆发酵的第3~9d比较活跃;泡菜发酵到第11d,泡菜水中所有的L.lactis都消失。     

酱醅中乳酸菌的分离与鉴定

对豆酱和酱油发酵酱醅中的乳酸菌进行了分离鉴定.通过溶钙圈实验、乳酸纸层析、形态特征和培养特征观察,从中筛选出8株菌.经API系统鉴定,JY-1和JY-6为戊糖片球菌,JY-2、JY-4和JY-7为短乳杆菌,JY-3为肠膜明串珠菌葡聚糖亚种,JY-5和JY-8为植物乳杆菌,并对菌株JY-1、JY-2、JY-3和JY-5的耐盐性进行了测试.     

中温发酵乳菌株筛选及其发酵特性分析

采用德氏乳杆菌保加利亚亚种、唾液链球菌嗜热亚种和肠膜明串珠菌混合发酵制备中温(35℃)发酵酸乳制品。根据发酵乳的感官品质、黏度及持水力分析,筛选出菌株德氏乳杆菌保加利亚亚种L2、唾液链球菌嗜热亚种S8、肠膜明串珠菌乳脂亚种M4为发酵剂优组合,其最适宜的接种比例为33︰60︰7。此发酵剂35℃发酵5 h得到的中温发酵乳的感官品质和持水力优于普通发酵乳。三菌混合发酵对上述菌种的生长都有一定的促进作用,但发酵后期M4的生长受到一定抑制。三菌混合发酵乳中酸度主要是L2和S8发酵作用的结果。     

泡菜中乳酸菌优良菌株的分离鉴定及发酵性能的研究

从多种酸、泡菜中分离出86株菌,对其在最适温度和低温下产酸速率及硝酸盐降解能力进行测定,筛选出5株产酸速率快,硝酸盐降解能力强的菌株,经形态学鉴定及生理生化反应试验,初步鉴定其为:植物乳杆菌2株,短乳杆菌1株,戊糖乳杆菌1株,肠膜明串珠菌葡聚糖亚种1株.并对5株菌的发酵性能进行测定.     

伊犁地区乳品中乳酸菌的分离及鉴定

从伊犁地区牧民家庭采集的乳品中分离得到10株乳酸菌,经过对其生物学特性的鉴定,有干酪乳杆菌假植物亚种(L.casei subsp.Plantaman)4株、鸡肠球菌(E.gallins.rum)1株、屎肠球菌(E.faecium)1株、乳酸乳球菌乳酸亚种(L.lactis subsp.cremoris)2株、肠膜明串珠菌肠膜亚种(Lc.Mesenteroides subsp.Mesenteroides)2株。通过研究发现,该鉴定菌株的生物学特性基本符合各属和种的鉴定标准,均属于中温性乳酸菌。     

酸泡菜发酵过程中乳酸菌区系的研究

在几种酸泡菜的发酵过程中,分离、鉴定出肠膜明串珠菌,葡聚糖明串珠菌、小片球菌、植物乳杆菌、短乳杆菌、发酵乳杆菌、棒状乳杆菌等乳酸菌种类。明串珠菌、片球菌一般在发酵前期出现.乳杆菌则在发酵的中后期占优势,其中以植物乳杆菌最常见。     

培养基成分对肠膜明串珠菌肠膜亚种合成葡聚糖的影响

通过单一因素法和正交法研究了分离自传统发酵乳中的肠膜明串珠菌肠膜亚种DM1-2-2生成葡聚糖的最佳培养基.葡聚糖合成量的测定采用苯酚-硫酸法.结果表明,酵母粉、20%的蔗糖、柠檬酸钠和醋酸钠不仅能显著提高葡聚糖的生物合成量,而且能明显促进菌体的生长.最佳的培养基组成:酵母粉20 g/L,蔗糖200 g/L,柠檬酸钠3 g/L,醋酸钠1 g/L(均为质量浓度),葡聚糖的生物合成量为(4.21 ±0.15)g/L,产量较原来提高1.4倍.为葡聚糖的研究开发和生产应用提供了实验数据和理论依据.     

西藏曲拉中优良乳酸菌的筛选与评价

西藏曲拉是西藏传统民族乳制品的典型代表,具有蛋白质含量高、贮藏时间长等优点,在我国众多传统乳制品中独具特色。研究利用MRS培养基对曲拉样品中的微生物进行了分离纯化,筛选得到42株乳酸菌,经16S rDNA鉴定,得到肠膜明串珠（L.mesenteroides）11株、假肠膜明串珠菌（L.pseudomesenteroides）5株、肠膜明串珠菌右旋葡聚糖亚种（L.mesenteroides subsp.dextranicum）4株、粪肠球菌（E.faecalis）10株,植物乳杆菌（L.plantarum）4株、乳酸片球菌（P.acidilactici）4株、布氏乳杆菌（L.buchneri）2株、类肠膜魏斯氏菌（W.paramesenteroides）2株;经过发酵试验与耐受性试验、抑菌性试验,筛选出3株具有优良特性的乳酸菌,本研究筛选的乳酸菌可应用于乳制品的生产。     

一株高产葡聚糖肠膜状明串珠菌肠膜亚种的筛选及发酵条件优化

为拓宽高产葡聚糖的种质资源,以四川泡菜为分离源从中筛选高产葡聚糖的乳酸菌菌株,采用苯酚硫酸法对筛选菌株进行葡聚糖产量测定,并对菌株进行生理生化及16S rRNA基因和rpo B看家基因序列的同源性分析鉴定和高产葡聚糖发酵条件优化。结果表明:菌株LM187产葡聚糖能力较强,达到38.24 g/L,进一步鉴定为肠膜状明串珠菌肠膜亚种(Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. mesenteroides);采用响应面中心组合实验优化产葡聚糖发酵条件,得到最优培养条件为发酵时间35 h、发酵温度30℃、蔗糖质量分数21%和接种量3%。在此优化条件下,葡聚糖产量为56.54 g/L,较优化前提高了1.48倍。肠膜状明串珠菌肠膜亚种LM187具有高产葡聚糖的能力,可作为开发保健型泡菜的潜在优质功能性微生物资源。     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

The Ministry of Environmental Protection Issued "Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Control in Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry (Trial)" and Two Other Guiding Technical Documents

On December 27t＂, 2013, the Ministry of Environmenta Protection announced that, in order to implement ＂The Environmental Protection Law of the People＇ s Republic of China＂, improve the working system in environmenta protection technologies, and promote technologica advancement in pollution prevention, the Ministry of Environmental Protection sponsored the formulation of three guiding technical documents including ＂Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Contro n Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry （Trial）＂     

1~(st) Intelli-Tissue~ EcoEc Tissue Machine Supplied by PMP Group Successfully Put into Operation in China

正On April 29th,2014,Intelli-Tissue EcoEc tissue machine supplied by PMP Group successfully put into operation at Hebei Xuesong Paper Co.,Ltd.,this is the first such kind of paper machine of PMP Group in China.