牛奶蛋白纤维针织物漂白工艺研究

对牛奶蛋白纤维织物的漂白工艺进行研究,分别选定过氧化氢和保险粉为漂白剂,采用氧化漂白、还原漂白法分别对织物进行漂白;重点运用正交试验优化双氧水和保险粉对牛奶蛋白纤维织物的漂白工艺;并将确定的最优工艺进行试验和测试。结果表明,双氧水30 g/L,pH值为8,温度90℃,时间60min;保险粉8 g/L,pH值为9,温度90℃,时间60 min时对牛奶蛋白纤维织物的漂白效果最好。     

黄麻纤维无氯漂白工艺的研究

保险粉与双氧水两浴两步法联合漂白黄麻纤维可显著地提高漂白效果,并且对纤维的损伤较小.保险粉和双氧水联合漂白是一种低污染、高效率漂白方法,其亨特白度值与亚氯酸钠漂白的相似,高达79.95.在漂白过程中,需严格控制保险粉和双氧水的质量浓度,最佳漂白质量浓度分别为6 g/L和8 g/L.     

蚕丝的还原漂白

引言: 脱胶后的丝纤维应进行漂白以除去天然色素。否则,染浅色时,因天然色素的存在会导致成品色泽发生变化。蚕丝可利用各种漂白剂的氧化或还原作用进行漂白。对蚕丝在催化剂存在下采用双氧水漂白的工艺曾有过报道。 二氧化硫脲是一种还原型漂白剂,其BOD和COD值都较低,因而可作为低污染的无毒漂白剂使用,但是,与保险粉相比,尽管保险粉污染严重,仍被大量使用。而TDU由于价格较高其应用却受到限制。     

保险粉和二氧化硫脲还原靛蓝的优化工艺

研究氢氧化钠和还原剂(保险粉,二氧化硫脲)质量浓度、还原温度对靛蓝染料还原电位的影响,结果表明:采用保险粉作还原剂时,还原条件为保险粉3.5 g/L,氢氧化钠5~10 g/L,还原温度60℃;采用二氧化硫脲作还原剂时,还原条件为二氧化硫脲1.5~3.5 g/L,氢氧化钠7.5~10 g/L,还原温度80℃。     

二氧化硫脲在马尾松SGW漂白中的工业化应用研究

本文介绍了采用二氧化硫脲对马尾松磨石磨木浆进行生产性漂白实验的应用情况，就漂白工艺参数，漂白组合方式等工业化应用条件进行了研究，与保险粉漂白作了比较，并进行了初步的经济分析。生产实践表明，二氧化硫脲是一种有效且具有竞争力的还原性漂白剂。     

羊绒过碳酸钠漂白工艺研究

过碳酸钠是一种环保温和型漂白剂,当前在羊绒纤维漂白工艺尚未得到应用。文章通过漂白工艺的试验,探讨采用过碳酸钠对羊绒漂白的可行性。实验结果表明,优化工艺条件为:过碳酸钠质量浓度15 g/L,用NaOH调节pH值至8,TAED质量浓度1.5 g/L,氧漂稳定剂质量浓度2 g/L,漂白温度55℃,漂白时间40 min。与传统双氧水漂白工艺相比较,单纤维强力略高,可达到3.87 cN,白度值略低,但也达到80以上,漂白效果较好,为羊绒的染整企业漂白工艺改进提供了理论参考。     

二氧化硫脲在OCC浆料轻度漂白中的应用研究

使用二氧化硫脲对旧瓦楞纸箱（OCC）浆料进行了轻度漂白;探讨了二氧化硫脲的用量、EDTA的用量、温度、浆料浓度及反应时间对漂白效果的影响。生产实践表明,二氧化硫脲对提高OCC浆料亮度具有较好的效果,是一种有效且极具竞争力的漂白剂。     

靛蓝染料染色中还原剂的应用研究

本文研究了靛蓝染料对棉织物染色中,还原剂保险粉、二氧化硫脲的应用。探讨了还原剂的用量,氢氧化钠的用量对染液还原电位以及染色后织物的K/S值、干摩擦和湿摩擦牢度的影响,得出靛蓝染料浓度为10g/L时,二氧化硫脲用量为7g/L,氢氧化钠10g/L时染色性能较好。     

靛蓝染料染棉织物时还原剂的应用研究

研究靛蓝染料对棉织物染色中,还原剂保险粉、二氧化硫脲的应用。探讨了还原剂的用量,氢氧化钠的用量对染液还原电位以及染色后织物的K/S值、干摩擦和湿摩擦牢度的影响,得出靛蓝染料浓度为10g/L时,二氧化硫脲用量为7g/L,氢氧化钠10g/L时染色性能较好。     

丙烯腈基酪素蛋白复合纤维漂白的方法

分别采用双氧水、双氧水／四乙酰乙二胺（TAED）和保险粉对丙烯腈基酪素蛋白复合纤维进行漂白，比较了三种漂白剂漂白后纤维的白度、失重率、酸性染料可染性、化学和结晶结构。研究表明，采用保险粉在中性条件下漂白，可改善纤维白度，酪素蛋白没有流失，可染性不受影响；双氧水/TAED漂白，其纤维白度最高，酪素蛋白的流失极低，但可染性受到一定程度的影响；双氧水碱性漂白引起酪素蛋白的大量流失，明显降低了可染性，但纤维因聚丙烯腈变性而泛黄。三种漂白方法均未改变纤维的主体结晶结构。     

黑牦牛绒氧化脱色工艺优化及其可纺性

针对黑牦牛绒氧化脱色对纤维性能及纺纱性能的影响,采用正交实验,对其氧化脱色条件进行了优化,得到最佳工艺条件：H2O2 浓度为25 g/L,焦磷酸钠浓度为5 g/L,温度75 ℃,时间90 min,溶液pH值为8.5。通过对比分析脱色和未脱色纤维性能,并分别采用全聚纺和四罗拉网格圈紧密纺纺制20.83 tex纱线进行性能测试,进一步研究脱色牦牛绒纤维的可纺性能。结果表明：脱色后,牦牛绒纤维的物理机械性能出现了不同程度的下降,表面鳞片结构破损;当采用同一方法纺相同支数的纱线时,脱色牛绒较原色牦牛绒纱线条干和强伸性变差;采用不同方法纺相同线密度纱线时,全聚纺纺制的脱色牛绒纱线较四罗拉网格圈紧密纺强力低、条干优。     

Single Bath Full Bleaching of Flax Fibers Using an Activated Sodium Chlorite/Hexamethylene Tetramine System

Abstract

A novel chemical formulation for bleaching flax fibers (machine tow) in one-step process was established. The process is based on activation of sodium chlorite by hexamethylene tetramine (HMTA) in the presence of a nonionic wetting agent. The factors affecting the bleaching such as HMTA concentration, temperature, and duration of the treatment were studied to optimize the bleaching conditions. The bleached flax fibers were assessed for critical properties; namely, whiteness index, loss in fiber weight, tensile strength, carboxyl groups, and carbonyl groups. Based on the results obtained the optimum formulation for bleaching the flax fibers is consisting of: [NaClO2] = 5 g/l, [HMTA] = 0.25 g/l and [wetting agent] = 1 g/l provided that bleaching is carried out at 90°C for 3 hrs using a material-to-liquor ratio (M/L) of 1:50. For comparison purposes, different types of flax fibers; namely, grey, card, and waste fibers were bleached under the optimum bleaching conditions of the machine tow flax fibers, and their properties after bleaching were also examined. Furthermore, tentative mechanisms for the reactions involved in bleaching using NaClO2/HMTA system were suggested. It seems that, when the optimum formulation was used, HMTA activates decomposition of NaClO₂ to mainly liberate nascent oxygen rather than chlorine dioxide.     

牛奶蛋白纤维织物的低温活化氧漂工艺

针对腈纶基牛奶蛋白纤维在高温碱性条件下易泛黄的问题,在双氧水漂白中,加入由壬酰基苯磺酸钠(NOBS)、四乙酰乙二胺(TAED)及葡萄糖酸盐复合而成的双氧水低温活化促进剂HK,利用双氧水和活化剂体系的联合作用,对腈纶基牛奶蛋白纤维针织物进行漂白。通过正交试验,确定的漂白工艺为:H2O2/活化剂HK用量15/15 g/L,碱剂用量0.5 g/L,漂白温度70℃,时间70~80 min,浴比1∶30。与常规的双氧水漂白、保险粉还原漂白对比,发现采用双氧水/复合低温活化促进剂漂白是一种可行而有效的漂白方法。     

Decolorization of kraft bleaching effluent by advanced oxidation processes using copper (II) as electron acceptor

Two advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), TiO2/UV/O2 and TiO2/UV/Cu (II), were used to remove color from a Kraft bleaching effluent. The optimal decoloration rate was determined by multivariate analysis, obtaining a mathematical model to evaluate the effect among variables. TiO2 and Cu (II) concentrations and the reaction times were optimized. The experimental design resulted in a quadratic matrix of 30 experiments. Additionally, the pH influence on the color removal was determined by multivariate analysis. Results indicate that color removal was 94% at acidic pH (3.0) in the presence of Cu (11) as an electron acceptor. Under this condition, the biodegradation of the effluent increased from 0.3 to 0.6. Moreover, 70% of COD (chemical oxygen demand) was removed, and the ecotoxicity, measured by Daphnia magna, was reduced. Photocatalytic oxidation to remove the color contained in the Kraft mill bleaching effluent was effective under the following conditions: short reaction time, acidic pH values, and without the addition of oxygen due to the presence of Cu (II) in the effluent. Moreover, residual Cu (II) was a minimum (0.05.mg L(-1)) and was not toxic to the next biological stage. The experimental design methodology indicated that a quadratic polynomial model may be used to representthe efficiencyfor degradation of the Kraft bleach pulp effluent by a photocatalytic process.     

金属酞菁配合物在催化双氧水漂白棉型织物中的应用

 本文合成了金属酞菁配合物MPcR,通过元素分析、红外光谱以及紫外-可见光谱分析,确定所制备产物的结构。将仿生酶化合物金属酞菁配合物应用于纺织品漂白工艺,通过单因素和正交试验,探讨MPcR对温堆氧漂的催化作用。得优化工艺为：渗透剂JFC 2g/L、稳定剂MA-AA 0.2g/L、30%H2O2 30 g/L、催化剂浓度MPcR 15μmol/L, pH值9.5,温堆温度80℃,温堆时间60min。该工艺在达到良好漂白效果的前提下,降低了漂白温度及pH,从而达到节能降耗的目的。     

荧光增白剂在高得率浆漂白中的两种应用方式探讨

介绍了荧光增白剂(OBA)在高得率浆H₂O₂漂白中的两种应用方式,即“漂中加入OBA”和“漂后加入OBA”;探讨高得率浆的“H₂O₂/OBA”漂白工艺与传统H₂O₂漂白工艺的优缺点。结果表明,与高得率浆传统的H₂O₂“化学漂白”相比,这种“H₂O₂/OBA”的“化学/物理”漂（增）白相结合的方式更能保持高得率浆的特性;“漂中加入OBA”的方式要优于“漂后加入OBA”的方式。     

Enhancement of the conjugated linoleic acid and vitamin A and E contents in goat milk through green fodder feeding

Twelve lactating crossbred goats (Sanan × Beetal) in early lactation were divided into two groups of six each. Group I was fed on fresh berseem fodder ( Trifolium alexandrinum ), whereas group II was fed on berseem fodder and concentrate mixture in 1 : 1 ratio to fulfil their nutritional requirements as per National Research Council (1981 ). Feed intake and milk yield were recorded daily, and milk samples were collected on 0, 30, 45 and 60 days of experimental feeding for the estimation of fat, vaccenic acid, conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), vitamins A and E, and total antioxidant activity. There was no effect ( P >  0.05) of dietary treatments on daily as well as total milk yield and milk fat, solids-not-fat and total solids, although average total CLA (mg/g fat) content in milk during the trial was higher( P <  0.01) in group I (18.92) in comparison to group II (10.94). Vitamin A content averaged 0.46 and 0.27 µg/mL and vitamin E, 1.20 and 1.38 µg/mL in milk of groups I and II, respectively, were higher in the berseem-fed group ( P <  0.01) and total antioxidant activity of milk was also higher ( P <  0.01) in group I than in group II.     

棉针织物H_2O_2/NOBS活化体系低温练漂工艺

将氧漂活化剂NOBS应用于棉针织物-浴练漂工艺.通过单因素试验和正交试验,分析各工艺因素对织物漂白效果的影响,得优化的棉织物练漂工艺:煮练剂DM-1361 0.4 g/L,低温练漂促进剂DM-13701.5g/L,H_2O_2(35%)6 g/L,NaOH 2 g/L,NOBS 1 g/L,80℃处理60 min,浴比1:10.该活化漂白工艺高效节能,能在低温下使织物达到较高的白度和毛效.     

咸酥花生加工中漂白工艺的研究

为提高咸酥花生的感官品质,本文采用L25(56)正交试验研究过氧化氢和过氧乙酸两种无氯漂白剂对咸酥花生漂白效果的影响。结果表明:过氧化氢和过氧乙酸混合漂白剂能有效地脱除花生壳中的有色物质,使咸酥花生色泽均匀,提高产品的外观质量。咸酥花生漂白的最佳工艺参数为:3%过氧化氢和3%过氧乙酸,pH8,漂白温度65℃,漂白时间15 min,花生果壳的漂白效果最佳。