大豆蛋白改性

综述了大豆蛋白的改性方法。通过改性可以加强大豆蛋白的功能性质和营养 ,从而扩大它在食品中的应用。大豆蛋白可以通过物理法、化学法、酶法和生物工程法得以改性。     

大豆蛋白改性

综述了大豆蛋白的改性方法。通过改性可以加强大豆蛋白的功能性质和营养 ,从而扩大它在食品中的应用。大豆蛋白可以通过物理法、化学法、酶法和生物工程法得以改性。     

大豆蛋白乳化性影响因素的研究

正本文分别论述了p H、溶解性、加工工艺、食品添加剂、物理改性、酸碱处理、化学修饰及酶法改性对大豆蛋白乳化性的影响。可以为高乳化性大豆蛋白的研究提供一定的参考。蛋白质的乳化性质是蛋白质重要的功能性质之一。大豆蛋白分子中同时含有亲水和亲油基团,具有乳化剂特有的两亲结构,能够通过降低界面张力帮助形成乳化体系。另外,蛋白质在乳化油滴表面吸附展开形成保护膜,可以防止油滴聚集和乳化状态被破坏。     

功能性大豆浓缩蛋白性能测定及其应用研究

实验研究功能性(物理和酶法改性)大豆浓缩蛋白(FSPC)的NSI值、乳化能力、凝胶性、持水性及吸油性等变化。结果表明,功能性大豆浓缩蛋白NSI值明显提高,大豆蛋白功能特性有不同程度提高和改善;FSPC应用试验,即乳化体凝胶强度试验表明,FSPCI(物理改性)大豆浓缩蛋白有较好凝胶、乳化、持油和持水性;而FSPC2(酶法改性)大豆浓缩蛋白有较好溶解、乳化性。     

大豆磷脂改性研究进展

综述了国内外大豆磷脂的改性方法,包括物理、化学和酶法改性。物理改性方法主要包括溶剂分提法、超临界流体萃取法、色谱柱分离法、膜分离法等;化学改性方法主要包括乙酰化法、羟基化法、酰羟化法、氢化法、磺化及磷脂与金属相互作用等;酶法改性中的酶应用最多的是磷脂酶,包括磷脂酶A1、A2、C、D。大豆磷脂通过物理、化学或者酶法改性后,改变了HLB值范围,改善了磷脂的乳化特性,提高了磷脂在水中的分散特性,扩大了磷脂在食品、医药、化妆品、石油等工业方面的应用。     

挤压预处理酶解修饰大豆蛋白乳化特性的研究进展

大豆蛋白分子质量大、结构较紧密、油滴吸附速率较慢,因此乳化特性较低,不能满足其在现代食品加工中的应用需求。改善大豆蛋白的乳化特性成为目前的研究热点。本文综述了挤压预处理、酶解改性和挤压预处理联合酶解过程对大豆蛋白乳化特性作用的研究进展,并分析了大豆蛋白在不同改性过程中蛋白构象的变化、蛋白与蛋白之间的相互作用及乳化特性的改善情况,为研究挤压-酶解过程改善大豆蛋白乳化特性的机制及生产应用提供理论支撑。     

大豆蛋白改性技术研究进展

概述了大豆蛋白的改性技术研究进展,包括物理、化学和生物等技术。物理改性和酶法改性的安全性优于化学改性,在食品体系中发挥着重要作用,而化学改性主要用于新型化工材料的生产。改性提高了大豆蛋白的功能特性,扩展了其在工业中的应用范围。     

醇法大豆浓缩蛋白改性及在肉制品中的应用

采用醇法提取大豆浓缩蛋白具有明显优势,但此方法提取的大豆浓缩蛋白功能性不好,应用受限。本文介绍了通过物理、化学、酶法、基因工程等方法对醇法大豆浓缩蛋白进行改性,改性后醇法大豆浓缩蛋白的功能性明显提高。改性后的醇法大豆浓缩蛋白应用于肉制品中具有优良的持水持油性、乳化性以及凝胶性,可以提高肉制品的组织结构特性,并降低生产成本,且价格低廉,是一种性价比很高的大豆蛋白产品。     

磷脂改性研究

磷脂改性方法有物理法、化学法、酶法。物理法包括醇类分提、丙酮萃取、超临界流体萃取、丙烷萃取等:化学法包括酸碱水解、酰化、酰胺化、羟基化、氢化、热处理等;酶法包括酶水解和定向酯交换。本文同时对改性磷脂的应用也进行了讨论     

超声波对醇法大豆浓缩蛋白乳化性的影响

为改善醇法大豆浓缩蛋白的功能特性,采用超声波技术对醇法大豆浓缩蛋白进行物理改性.通过单因素试验,针对乳化性进行研究,得出最佳影响范围,然后进行正交试验方差分析,最终得出超声波技术提高醇法大豆浓缩蛋白乳化性最佳工艺条件：固液比为1∶9、功率密度为0.6 W/cm^2、时间为5min,可提高乳化活力171.4%,乳化稳定性13.0%.利用电子显微镜扫描仪观察改性前后大豆蛋白,证明超声波技术可以有效地改善醇法大豆浓缩蛋白的乳化性.     

Functional properties of protein preparations from amaranth seeds in model system

The gross chemical composition and functional properties (solubility, emulsifying and foaming properties) of different amaranth protein preparations were studied in model systems and were compared to those of casein and soy protein isolates. Preparations of alkaline-soluble total protein, albumin, globulin, and glutelin-like alkaline-soluble residual protein were produced from two different types of defatted amaranth meals by extraction and fractionation. Although similarity can be shown between protein patterns of legumes (including soy) and amaranth, the emulsifying and foaming properties of amaranth protein preparations are relatively poor in comparison to the reference proteins, except foaming properties of albumin preparations. Nevertheless, taking in mind that these properties depend on interactions with other food components and textural requirements of individual food products, the amaranth protein preparations may be treated as potential protein sources and food ingredients.     

不同改性方法对花生蛋白理化特性影响研究

本研究以花生蛋白为原料,采用挤压膨化、酶法和挤压协同酶解三种方法分别对花生蛋白进行改性处理,系统阐述了三种方法对花生蛋白理化性质的影响规律。通过测定改性前后花生蛋白的溶解性、乳化性、乳化稳定性、起泡性及泡沫稳定性,并借助傅立叶变换红外光谱、圆二色谱和聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳、蛋白质水解度、巯基含量和二硫键含量对花生蛋白的结构、分子量和水解程度进行分析,揭示不同处理方法对花生蛋白理化的影响规律,阐明其二者之间的内在联系。结果表明,不同处理方法下花生蛋白功能及结构特性均发生变化,挤压协同酶法处理后的花生蛋白的理化性质变化最为明显。     

改性大豆分离蛋白与肌原纤维蛋白共混体系乳化性及凝胶性研究

采用热改性、碱改性、超声改性及辐照改性4种方法将大豆分离蛋白进行改性处理,并建立改性大豆分离蛋白与肌原纤维蛋白共混体系,对其乳化性及凝胶性进行研究。结果表明经热改性的大豆分离蛋白与肌原纤维蛋白共混体系的乳化性及凝胶性有显著提高,其中乳化活性提高了12.6 m2/g,硬度和弹性分别增加了18.58 g和0.16 mm,持水性增加了22.14%。经碱改性的SPI对混合体系的乳化性和凝胶性影响次之,而经超声和辐照改性的大豆分离蛋白,只对共混体系的持水性和乳化稳定性有影响,对质构性和乳化活性影响不显著。     

Improving Functional Properties of Soy Protein Hydrolysate by Conjugation with Curdlan

ABSTRACT:  Soy protein hydrolysate was conjugated with curdlan through the naturally occurring Maillard reaction to extend its application in food processing. The gel-forming and emulsifying properties of soy protein hydrolysates were significantly improved ( P < 0.05) by conjugation with curdlan. The soy protein hydrolysate–curdlan conjugate (SPHCC)–soy protein isolate (SPI) mixed gel had a much thicker network than the soy protein hydrolysate and SPI mixed gel judged from scanning electron microscopic images. The improvement of gelling properties of soy protein hydrolysate by curdlan-conjugate was attributed to both the decrease in the repulsive forces among soy protein hydrolysates and the increase in the solubility. The covalent binding of soy protein hydrolysates and curdlan also showed a profound effect on the antioxidative activity of the soy protein hydrolysates. The higher antioxidative activity of SPHCC was related to the peptide reductants produced from the Maillard reaction and the higher emulsifying property of SPHCC. The conjugates of soy protein hydrolysate and curdlan can be used as a functional food additive having excellent gel-forming, emulsifying properties and antioxidative activity.     

Modifications of soy protein isolates using combined extrusion pre-treatment and controlled enzymatic hydrolysis for improved emulsifying properties

Effects of combined extrusion pre-treatment and controlled enzymatic hydrolysis on the physico-chemical properties and emulsifying properties of soy protein isolates (SPI) have been investigated. Results showed that extrusion pre-treatment caused a marked improvement in the accessibility of SPI to enzymatic hydrolysis, resulting in changes in degree of hydrolysis (DH), protein solubility (PS), surface hydrophobicity (H₀) and molecular weight distributions (MWD) for ESPIH (extrusion pre-treated SPI hydrolysates). It was observed that emulsion systems formed by control SPI or SPIH (SPI hydrolysates) (20% v/v oil, 1.6% w/v emulsifier, and pH 7.0) were unstable over a quiescent storage period of 21 days, due to bridging flocculation and creaming. However, ESPIH (9.1% DH) was capable of producing a very fine emulsion (d₃₂ = 0.42 μm, d₄₃ = 2.01 μm) which remained stable over a long term quiescent storage. Various surface properties of ESPIH products have also been studied in relation to DH and emulsifying functionalities. It was suggested that significantly increased protein solubility and decreased molecular weight could be the main reasons for the greatly improved emulsifying capability of ESPIH. This study demonstrated that modified soy protein could be an excellent emulsifying agent for food and other applications. It also demonstrated that combined extrusion pre-treatment and enzymatic hydrolysis could be a highly effective method for functionality modification of globular proteins.     

氨作碱性剂对醇法大豆浓缩蛋白改性

以氨作碱性剂,通过均质、物化改性、喷雾干燥等方法对醇法大豆浓缩蛋白(SPC)进行改性,以期获得功能性较好醇法大豆浓缩蛋白。实验表明,醇法大豆浓缩蛋白加入氨水后经均质、物化改性、喷雾干燥等步骤可获得溶解性、凝胶性、乳化性等功能性较佳大豆浓缩蛋白。     

大豆分离蛋白改性研究进展

大豆分离蛋白(soy protein isolate,SPI)是大豆蛋白最为精制形式,广泛应用于食品工业,在不同产品中表现出不同功能。该文综述近年来有关大豆分离蛋白物理、化学、生物方法改性研究,并对生物工程改性作一简单介绍;大豆分离蛋白经改性后能拓展大豆分离蛋白在食品工业中应用及达到人们所希望功能特性。