软儿梨果酒的研制开发

以软儿梨为原料,经淋洗、冷冻、解冻后榨汁、成分调整,接入安琪牌葡萄酒酵母菌进行发酵,再经陈酿、澄清处理得风味独特的软儿梨果酒。最佳工艺参数为：酵母菌加入量0．6g／L,发酵温度26℃,酒度12％vol～15％voL,总糖30～40g／L,总酸0．3～0．5g／mL。     

早籼稻谷生料发酵生产酒精的工艺研究

摘要：在发酵液中添加钙、镁、锌离子可以提高淀粉出酒率，使发酵液中的残总糖明显下降。实验表明，利用早籼稻谷生料发酵生产酒精，最佳发酵温度为32℃，最佳pH为4，最佳发酵时间为120h，在最佳条件下发酵，酒分达到9．3％(v／v)，残总糖为1．08％，淀粉出酒率为53．64％。     

固定化猕猴桃酒酵母发酵条件的研究

采用混合材料作为载体将猕猴桃酒酵母固定化。通过温度、pH、起始糖度、填充量对固定化酵母发酵影响的分析；采用L9(3^4)正交试验对固定化酵母发酵工艺条件进行研究。结果表明，最佳发酵条件为温度25℃，pH3．3，起始糖浓度270g／L，填充量0．4g／ml。在此条件下发酵速度快，发酵的酒果香味浓郁，Vc保存率高。(孙悟)     

鲜榨苹果汁与浓缩苹果汁酿酒特性的比较

以苹果鲜榨汁和浓缩汁为原料,分别通过添加蔗糖和稀释的方式使发酵起始糖度为200g／L进行酒精发酵。对发酵产品的常规理化指标和总酚,总类黄酮以及黄烷醇含量进行测定,并对发酵产品进行感官鉴评。实验结果表明：稀释浓缩汁和鲜榨果汁酒样总酸含量分别为2．6g／L和3．2g/L。鲜榨果汁酒样总酚含量、总类黄酮以及黄烷醇含量均高于稀释浓缩汁酒样。两种酒各具特色,鲜榨汁酒样果香浓郁,稀释浓缩汁酒样酒香醇厚。     

葡萄冰酒干酵母R2发酵冰荔枝酒工艺条件的优化

以冻藏荔枝经低温榨取或低温浓缩后的荔枝汁为原料,利用葡萄冰酒干酵母R2发酵酿制冰荔枝酒,研究了发酵温度、接种量、SO2添加量、起始糖和酸含量、硫酸铵添加量等因素对发酵的影响。通过正交试验确定了冰荔枝酒最佳的发酵条件为发酵温度10℃、SO2添加量100mg／L、起始糖度330g／L、硫酸铵添加量600mg／L、起始酸含量为7．7g／L、接种量为375mg／L。可生产酒精体积分数为10％-12％的冰荔枝酒,产品呈金黄色,清亮透明,果香浓郁,丰满醇厚,甜润爽口,具有较好的类似于葡萄冰酒的品质。     

红茶酒酵母驯化筛选及发酵工艺研究

以优质红茶叶为原料,通过不同浓度配比的茶汁YPD培养基对茶酒发酵酵母进行梯度驯化,筛选出1株对茶汁适应能力和发酵力都比较强的酵母Z-4。该酵母在含12％蔗糖茶汁培养基中发酵所得酒精度为10％vol,残糖量为7．5°Bx。并对温度、发酵液配比、pH值以及酵母接种量等发酵条件进行单因素分析,研究表明,最优发酵条件为：发酵温度25℃,茶与清水比1：60（g／v）,发酵液pH4,蔗糖含量12％,酵母接种量为3％,发酵时间7d。     

固定化酵母发酵蟠桃酒的工艺研究

以蟠桃为原料采用活性干酵母,固定化酵母发酵制备桃酒试验比较,结果表明,固定化酵母比游离酵母发酵速度快,固定化酵母发酵过程中桃液起始糖度、温度、pH、亚硫酸钠添加量对发酵产酒均有影响,通过试验得出固定化酵母发酵制备桃酒的最佳工艺条件为：温度20℃,初始糖浓度20％,pH5．0,亚硫酸钠添加量30g／L。     

发酵型无花果酒酿造工艺研究

对无花果酒酿造工艺、操作要点进行了研究。结果表明：在糖浓度为20％-22％的无花果清汁中加入60mg/L～90mg／L的SO2，接入5g／L-7g／L葡萄酒活性干酵母，20℃发酵14d；可以使发酵彻底，原酒残糖量低，酒精度最高可达11．2％（v／v）；同时既可以保证酒质，也不会延长发酵时间。     

枣酒发酵工艺条件的研究

以徽州蜜枣的原料-枣为原料,采用正交试验确定枣酒发酵的最佳工艺条件。研究结果表明：枣酒发酵适宜料液比为1：6,接种节为7％,以酵母粉为氮源,添加量为0．03％,SO2量为80mg／L,发酵液pH值为3．5,25℃发酵7d,获得的枣酒Vc含量为9．532mg／100酒精度为11．2％vol。酒体呈透明的琥珀色,枣香浓郁,与酒香相调和,风味较好。     

黄果梨果酒制备工艺优化

该研究以黄果梨为原料,通过单因素试验和响应面试验优化半甜型果酒的制备工艺。试验以发酵温度、初始糖添加量、菌种接种量、发酵时间为自变量,以感官评分为响应值。并对黄果梨果酒发酵过程中总糖、还原糖、酒精度、糖度、VC、黄酮、多酚、总酸的变化规律进行分析。结果表明,黄果梨果酒最佳发酵工艺条件为发酵温度28 ℃、初始糖添加量25%、菌种接种量0.05%、发酵时间7 d。该优化条件下黄果梨果酒酒精度13% vol,总糖含量28 g/L,感官评分为92。黄果梨果酒发酵过程中,随着发酵时间的延长,发酵液体系的糖度、总糖含量持续下降;酒精度、总酸含量持续上升;还原糖含量先上升后下降。随着酒精度的增大,黄酮、多酚含量呈现先上升后下降的趋势,而VC 含量出现先下降后上升随后下降的波动变化。     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

The Ministry of Environmental Protection Issued "Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Control in Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry (Trial)" and Two Other Guiding Technical Documents

On December 27t＂, 2013, the Ministry of Environmenta Protection announced that, in order to implement ＂The Environmental Protection Law of the People＇ s Republic of China＂, improve the working system in environmenta protection technologies, and promote technologica advancement in pollution prevention, the Ministry of Environmental Protection sponsored the formulation of three guiding technical documents including ＂Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Contro n Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry （Trial）＂     

1~(st) Intelli-Tissue~ EcoEc Tissue Machine Supplied by PMP Group Successfully Put into Operation in China

正On April 29th,2014,Intelli-Tissue EcoEc tissue machine supplied by PMP Group successfully put into operation at Hebei Xuesong Paper Co.,Ltd.,this is the first such kind of paper machine of PMP Group in China.