微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定面料中的锗含量

电感耦合等离子体质谱法具有灵敏度高、速度快、线性范围宽等优点,可用于面料中微量元素的测定。通过微波消解法消解纺织面料,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定纺织面料中的锗含量,建立了微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定面料中锗元素含量的方法。研究结果表明,锗元素在0.2~40.0μg/L范围内线性关系良好(R2=0.999 9),方法的检出限为0.02 mg/kg,不同含量加标(0.02、0.04、0.08、0.16 mg/kg)回收率在82.6%~107.8%,相对标准偏差3.0%~9.3%(n=6)。该方法具有灵敏度高、精密度好、检出限低的优点,能够用于面料中锗元素含量的测定。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法同时测定大枣中7种重金属及有害元素及健康风险评估

目的建立电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定大枣中7种重金属及有害元素含量的方法并开展健康风险评估。方法采用微波消解法进行样品前处理、电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定。健康风险评估模型计算风险评估模型(target hazard quotients, THQ)。结果各元素在相应范围内线性良好(r>0.999),仪器精密度良好(RSD<5%,n=6),各元素加样回收率为83.93%~104.95%。3个产地不同批次大枣中铜(Cu)、砷(As)、镉(Cd)、汞(Hg)、铅(Pb)重金属及有害元素含量较低,低于《中华人民共和国药典》2020年版中指导值;以THQ作为风险评估指标时,大枣所含重金属含量对人体健康无风险。结论 ICP-MS法灵敏、准确,可用于红枣中7种重金属含量的测定。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定柳州螺蛳粉中12种元素

目的 建立电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定柳州螺蛳粉中12种元素含量的分析方法。方法 采用硝酸+双氧水进行微波消解,电感耦合等离子体质谱法进行测定,并对方法学进行考察。结果 各元素在相应的浓度范围内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数为0.9974～0.9999,检出限为0.0005～0.008mg/kg,精密度RSD为1.2%～4.0%,回收率为86.5%～97.0%。结论 本研究建立的方法准确、可靠、灵敏度高,适用于柳州螺蛳粉中12种元素测定。     

枸杞中11种元素的快速质谱分析与质量控制

采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定枸杞中铅镉砷铬镍等11种有害重金属元素的含量。以HNO3-H2O2密闭高压消解法获取枸杞中的金属总量,以碰撞反应池技术/干扰方程消除实验中出现的多原子离子干扰,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定其中的重金属元素含量,同时以大虾标准物质(GBW10050)作为过程监控样品。实验结果表明,标准物质的测定结果与证书标示值相符,相对标准偏差小于5%,方法快速、灵敏、准确度高,适用于枸杞中重金属元素的批量检测。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定预混矿物质中的碘

目的建立电感耦合等离子体质谱法(inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry,ICP-MS)测定预混料矿物质中碘元素。方法样品经5%氨水超声提取,通过电感耦合等离子体质谱仪,以103Rh作为在线内标,对样品溶液进行测定。结果在碘浓度为0～200μg/L的范围内,线性关系良好,线性方程为Y=8.173×10~(-4)X+1.991×10~(-4),相关系数r为0.9993。对预混料样品加入低、中、高3个梯度进行加标测定,回收率在88.6%～101.0%之间,相对标准偏差小于2.3%(n=3)。结论该方法准确、便捷、回收率良好,适用于不同预混料矿物质中碘含量的测定。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定咸香香肠调料中钠元素含量

建立了电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)对咸香香肠调料中钠元素含量的测定方法。本法利用热的稀硝酸溶液提取样品中的钠元素,电感耦合等离子体质谱仪检测,内标法定量。本法标准溶液线性范围为1~10 ng/mL,适用于钠含量5%~50%的香肠调料中钠元素含量的测定,平均回收率为98.45%,仪器的重现性、稳定性较好。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定米酒中锰、铅、铜、铁的含量

采用电感耦合等离子体质谱 (ICP -MS)法测定米酒中锰、铅、铜、铁元素的含量 ,并与原子吸收法测定锰、铅、铜、铁作对比试验 ,提出电感耦合等离子体质谱法 (ICP -MS法 )具有灵敏度高 ,精密度好 ,线性范围宽等特点。方法检出限为 0 .0 0 6～ 0 .0 2 3mg/kg ;加标回收率为 89.8%～ 10 1.6 %之间 ;RSD为 0 .873%～ 6 .38%。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法同时测定茶叶中的铅、砷、铬、镉

电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)具有准确度高、检测速度快、检测灵敏度高的优点,用于测定茶叶中的铅(Pb)、砷(As)、铬(Cr)与镉(Cd)4种有害金属元素时,4种元素的检出限均可达到0.005 mg/kg,加标回收率均在96.1%～98.7%范围内,元素精密度均不超过3%。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定玫瑰花花瓣及花酱中15种金属元素含量

目的建立电感耦合等离子体质谱法(inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry,ICP-MS)测定玫瑰花花瓣及花酱中15种金属元素含量的分析方法。方法样品经微波消解后,对仪器工作条件以及内标元素的选择进行优化,用标准模式及动能歧视消除(kinetic energy discrimination,KED)模式进行分析,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法对15种金属元素的含量进行测定。结果各金属元素在各自的浓度范围内线性关系良好(r~20.999);检出限为0.020～5.633μg/L;精密度、稳定性、重复性的相对标准偏差(relative standard deviation,RSD)均小于4%;平均回收率达92.0%～131.2%,RSD为0.6%～3.5%。结论该方法操作简便、分析快速、灵敏度高、结果准确、适用于玫瑰花与它花酱中金属元素含量的测定。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定云南市售大米中4种有益元素

目的建立石墨湿法消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法同时测定云南大米中4种有益元素含量的方法。方法以产自云南省12个州市共90件大米为实验对象,采用石墨湿法消解对样品进行前处理,电感耦合等离子体质谱法进行测定,内标法定量分析云南大米中锰(Mn)、铁(Fe)、铜(Cu)、锌(Zn)4种有益元素的含量。结果云南大米中锰、铁、铜、锌4种金属元素在0~100μg/L质量浓度范围内呈现良好的线性关系,相关系数均大于0.999。通过加标回收实验分析锰、铁、铜、锌4种金属元素的加标回收率依次为93.61%~100.37%、88.32%~105.47%、99.91%~101.78%、94.14%~102.89%,相对标准偏差依次为3.37%、1.02%、0.16%、1.18%,4种金属检出率均为100%。结论石墨湿法消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法精密度好、准确度高,可同时测定大米中多种金属,适用于云南大米中锰、铁、铜、锌含量的测定。     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

The Ministry of Environmental Protection Issued "Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Control in Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry (Trial)" and Two Other Guiding Technical Documents

On December 27t＂, 2013, the Ministry of Environmenta Protection announced that, in order to implement ＂The Environmental Protection Law of the People＇ s Republic of China＂, improve the working system in environmenta protection technologies, and promote technologica advancement in pollution prevention, the Ministry of Environmental Protection sponsored the formulation of three guiding technical documents including ＂Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Contro n Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry （Trial）＂     

1~(st) Intelli-Tissue~ EcoEc Tissue Machine Supplied by PMP Group Successfully Put into Operation in China

正On April 29th,2014,Intelli-Tissue EcoEc tissue machine supplied by PMP Group successfully put into operation at Hebei Xuesong Paper Co.,Ltd.,this is the first such kind of paper machine of PMP Group in China.