超声波-酶法提取艾叶多糖的条件研究

以艾叶为原料,采用超声波-酶法提取多糖。通过正交优化实验获得最佳工艺条件为:料液比1∶40、超声波提取时间30min、乙醇浓度80%,艾叶多糖提取率为0.790%。与超声波法提取艾叶多糖相比,超声波酶法艾叶多糖的实际得率提高56.75%。     

超声波辅助萃取艾叶中总黄酮含量的最佳条件研究

为进一步开发利用艾叶资源,更准确地测定艾叶中总黄酮的含量,本研究采用正交方法优选艾叶中总黄酮的提取条件,用芦丁作对照品,硝酸铝作显色剂,用比色法在波长510nm处,测定艾叶中总黄酮含量。结果显示,优选提取条件是:1·000g艾叶粉末用70mL60%的乙醇浸泡24h,用200W的超声波辅助萃取40min。     

正交试验法优选艾叶总黄酮提取工艺研究

本文为测定艾叶中总黄酮的含量采用,设计正交设计优选艾叶中总黄酮的提取条件,用芦丁作对照品,硝酸铝作显色剂,测定波长在510 nm处,比色法测定艾叶总黄酮的吸光度.实验结果获得优选提取条件是:用70 mL 60 %的乙醇浸泡1.000 g左右的艾叶粉末24 h,在超声波功率为200 W的条件下,辅助萃取40 min.结论:艾叶中含有丰富的黄酮类化合物,具有很强的抗氧化活性,认为艾叶有很强的开发应用价值.     

超声波提取竹叶挥发油优化工艺研究

采用超声波提取法对青竹叶中的挥发油提取条件进行了研究,通过正交试验得出,超声波提取提取法的最佳条件为乙醇浓度为95%,料液比为1：20,超声波功率为250W,超声时间为30min。     

超声波提取竹叶黄酮优化工艺研究

采用超声波提取法对青竹叶中黄酮类物质的提取条件进行了研究,通过正交实验得出：超声波提取提取法的最佳条件为乙醇浓度为75％,料液比为1：20,超声波功率为250W,超声时间为30min。     

艾叶总三萜的提取工艺优化及其抑菌活性

本研究以湖北恩施艾叶为原料,考察溶剂种类、溶剂浓度、提取温度、液固比及超声时间对艾叶总三萜得率的影响。在单因素的基础上,根据Box-Behnken试验设计原理,选取四因素三水平,以艾叶总三萜得率为响应值进行响应面分析,确定最优工艺参数,并运用倍比稀释法研究艾叶总三萜提取物对7种常见致病菌的最小抑菌浓度(minimal inhibitory concentration,MIC),分析了艾叶中三萜类物质的抑菌活性。实验结果表明,超声波辅助提取艾叶总三萜的最佳提取工艺参数为:乙醇浓度72%,提取温度为73℃,液固比20:1 mL/g,超声时间42 min。此条件下艾叶总三萜实际得率为6.51%,其中超声时间、提取温度对艾叶总三萜得率影响较大。艾叶总三萜对所选7种致病菌均有较好的抑制作用,尤其是金黄色葡萄球菌和肺炎链球菌,最小抑菌浓度为3.00mg/m L。本研究提供的提取方法操作简单、结果稳定,且提取物具有一定的抑菌性能,为艾叶总三萜的进一步开发提供科学依据。     

槲寄生生物碱提取工艺的研究

目的:考察槲寄生有效成分中生物碱的提取方法。方法:对超声波和回流法两种方法不同提取槲寄生中生物碱方法进行了探讨,并进行对比浸出率。结果:超声波提取方法较回流法浸出率高。结论:超声波提取生物碱的最佳提取工艺条件为:乙醇体积分数100%,超声时间30min,固液比30∶1。     

苹果多酚超声波提取条件的优化研究

超声波提取法具有提出率高、速度快且不改变有效成分的结构等优点。本文介绍了超声波作用的原理,研究了苹果多酚的超声波提取方法,并与普通的溶剂提取法作了比较。实验表明,超声波提取方法优于普通的溶剂提取。超声波提取的最佳操作条件为:乙醇浓度60%,提取时间30min,温度60℃,料液比1∶6,提取一次。     

超声波对鸡血藤色素的提取及对染真丝绸的影响

研究了超声波提取法和溶剂浸提法对鸡血藤色素的提取方案和染色真丝绸的性能。比较了两种提取方法,超声波提取法具有提取时间短、用料省、提取更充分的优点,最优提取工艺为:30%乙醇,超声波功率200 W,固液比1∶20,提取温度40℃,提取时间60 min;最优染色工艺:超声波功率350 W,染色温度30℃,染色时间40 min,浴比1∶50。超声波对鸡血藤色素染色真丝绸具有促染作用,也有固色作用。     

超声波提取小叶榕叶总黄酮工艺研究

以小叶榕叶为原料，用正交试验法优化小叶榕叶总黄酮的超声波提取工艺，考察超声波作用时间、超声波功率、液料比和乙醇浓度4个因素对小叶榕叶总黄酮提取率的影响，确定小叶榕叶总黄酮的优化超声波提取工艺条件为：提取溶剂60％乙醇，料液比1：30，超声波功率为240w，超声波作用时间20min。将该法与常规热提取法进行对比。结果表明，超声波提取小叶榕叶总黄酮的提取率比常规热提取的提取率要高，而且超声波提取所用提取时间短，提取溶剂用量少。     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

The Ministry of Environmental Protection Issued "Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Control in Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry (Trial)" and Two Other Guiding Technical Documents

On December 27t＂, 2013, the Ministry of Environmenta Protection announced that, in order to implement ＂The Environmental Protection Law of the People＇ s Republic of China＂, improve the working system in environmenta protection technologies, and promote technologica advancement in pollution prevention, the Ministry of Environmental Protection sponsored the formulation of three guiding technical documents including ＂Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Contro n Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry （Trial）＂     

1~(st) Intelli-Tissue~ EcoEc Tissue Machine Supplied by PMP Group Successfully Put into Operation in China

正On April 29th,2014,Intelli-Tissue EcoEc tissue machine supplied by PMP Group successfully put into operation at Hebei Xuesong Paper Co.,Ltd.,this is the first such kind of paper machine of PMP Group in China.