氧化剂对胶原结构和性能的影响

本课题以生皮胶原为研究基质,以H2O2、CLO-、O3、O2为氧化剂,研究氧化剂与胶原作用过程中胶原分子量和胶原氨基酸组成的变化规律、胶原分子中化学基团的变化规律,建立氧化剂与胶原发生化学作用的结构模型;研究氧化剂对胶原的强度、玻璃化温度、耐湿热稳定性、等电点等特性的影响规律.     

聚苯胺/纸浆纤维复合制造导电纸(Ⅰ)--吸聚条件对导电纸性能的影响

采用原位吸附聚合法使苯胺聚合于纸浆纤维的微孔壁中制备了导电纸。系统地研究了氧化剂K2S2O8和（NH4）2S2O8用量、反应温度、反应时间等对导电纸表面电阻率的影响。优化了制备导电纸的最佳吸聚条件：聚合时间105min，反应温度5℃，氧化剂的用量取决于氧化剂的种类。当K2S2O8为氧化剂时，氧化剂与苯胺质量比为1：2最佳，导电纸的表面电阻率为481Ω/cm^2；当（NH4）2S2O8为氧化剂时，氧化剂与苯胺质量比为3：4最佳，导电纸的表面电阻率可达108Ω/cm^2。作为氧化剂，（NH4）2S2O8优于K2S2O8。     

不同氧化剂对禾草类碱木质素结构变化的影响

研究了禾草类碱木质素在O2、H2O2、O3、O2/H2O2、O3/H2O2等不同氧化剂氧化时其结构的变化规律,为更好地利用禾草类碱木质素提供理论依据和工艺方法。研究结果表明,以O2/H2O2氧化禾草类碱木质素时,高用碱量可促进木质素高分子组分氧化降解,分子质量均一化,酚羟基和羧基增加较多,脱甲氧基反应也较强烈;低用碱量时,木质素氧化降解少,并伴有缩合反应;H2O2可促进碱木质素氧化降解,促进酚羟基、羧基的产生和脱甲氧基反应;在O3氧化适宜条件下,添加H2O2可使O3氧化反应缓和,木质素分子发生缩合并均一化,生成较多的酚羟基、羧基和羰基。     

淀粉氧化降解条件与淀粉/丙烯酸类单体接枝共聚反应的关系

以氧化剂 (NH4) 2 S2 O8为淀粉降解试剂 ,研究了降解条件与淀粉 /丙烯酸类单体接枝共聚反应的关系。结果表明 :当氧化剂 (NH4) 2 S2 O8用量为 1 .0 g、降解反应温度为 95℃、降解时间为 0 .5h时 ,共聚物的接枝率、接枝效率和单体转化率较高 ,应用于皮革复鞣试验 ,其应用效果最好 ;同时利用FI-IR、XRD和DSC对产品结构进行了表征     

正交试验法优化马铃薯氧化淀粉制备工艺

使用正交试验法优化马铃薯氧化淀粉制备工艺,以马铃薯淀粉为原料,FeSO4为催化剂,H2O2为氧化剂干法制备氧化淀粉,并以羧基含量为评价指标,分别考察反应时间、反应温度、氧化剂用量、催化剂用量、体系含水量等因素对马铃薯淀粉氧化反应影响。得到最优工艺条件为:反应时间3.5h、反应温度60℃、FeSO4在淀粉中质量分数0.025%、H2O2与淀粉摩尔比0.285、反应体系含水量24.000%,在此条件下制得马铃薯氧化淀粉羧基含量为0.530%。     

活性碳纤维负载钴酞菁对取代酚的催化氧化

为去除难降解的酚类物质,以活性碳纤维负载钴酞菁(CoPc-ACF)为催化剂、以H2O2为氧化剂组成新型催化氧化体系(CoPc-ACF/H2O2).该体系能充分发挥CoPc-ACF中活性碳纤维的吸附特性和钴酞菁的催化性能.以对硝基苯酚、对甲氧基苯酚和取代氯酚为对象,研究该体系对其的吸附催化氧化性能.采用UPLC检测酚类物...     

ClO_2氧化处理对马尾松CTMP浆羧基含量及物理强度的影响

本文以马尾松CTMP浆为原料,ClO2为氧化剂,研究了纸浆羧基含量、得率及物理强度随氧化剂用量的变化规律。结果表明:马尾松CTMP浆中羧基含量随着ClO2用量的增加,呈先快速上升、而后趋于平稳的趋势,转折点氧化剂用量约为20%,羧基含量约为220mmol/kg;纸张撕裂指数、抗张指数及耐破指数均随纸浆羧基含量的上升而增大,其中耐破指数的增加最为显著;尽管在氧化剂用量高于20%时,纸浆物理强度指标均急剧上升,但纸浆得率显著下降,且纸浆羧基含量基本不再上升。另外,通过对比纸浆羧基含量、化学品用量及纸浆强度等因素可知,ClO2氧化处理比TEMPO氧化处理的综合效益更佳。     

玉米、木薯氧化淀粉性能及对纸张的施胶效果

本文分别以木薯淀粉和玉米淀粉为主要原料,以H2O2为氧化剂,在相同条件下制备了两种氧化淀粉,研究这两种氧化淀粉性能差别及作为施胶剂对纸张施胶效果的影响.     

UV+H2O2和UV+H2O2+Fe2+化学氧化处理CEH漂白废水研究

采用UV+H2O2和UV+H2O2+Fe2+二种高级化学氧化工艺处理硫酸盐苇浆CEH漂白废水,研究了氧化剂用量、Fe2+浓度、初始pH值、处理时间等因素与处理效果(以COD和色度为指标)的关系.研究表明,添加Fe2+可大大加速体系对有机污染物氧化降解,H2O2用量对COD和色度的去除影响显著,硫酸盐苇浆CEH漂白混合废水pH值呈较强的酸性,适合于采用UV+H2O2+Fe2+工艺氧化处理.     

氧化海藻酸钠改性胶原膜的结构及其降解性能

以海藻酸钠为原料、高碘酸钠为氧化剂制备氧化海藻酸钠,考察氧化海藻酸钠改性胶原膜后对其机械强度、湿热稳定性、生物相容性和降解性的影响,对不同浓度氧化海藻酸钠修饰改性胶原膜形成的膜材料进行研究。结果发现:经过氧化海藻酸钠修饰改性后,胶原保持完整的三股螺旋结构,膜材料的机械强度、湿热稳定性和降解性均得到提高,表现出良好的细胞相容性,有望用做可控降解胶原基支架材料。     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

The Ministry of Environmental Protection Issued "Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Control in Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry (Trial)" and Two Other Guiding Technical Documents

On December 27t＂, 2013, the Ministry of Environmenta Protection announced that, in order to implement ＂The Environmental Protection Law of the People＇ s Republic of China＂, improve the working system in environmenta protection technologies, and promote technologica advancement in pollution prevention, the Ministry of Environmental Protection sponsored the formulation of three guiding technical documents including ＂Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Contro n Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry （Trial）＂     

1~(st) Intelli-Tissue~ EcoEc Tissue Machine Supplied by PMP Group Successfully Put into Operation in China

正On April 29th,2014,Intelli-Tissue EcoEc tissue machine supplied by PMP Group successfully put into operation at Hebei Xuesong Paper Co.,Ltd.,this is the first such kind of paper machine of PMP Group in China.