不同前体物质的添加对高山被孢霉生长及脂肪酸组分的影响

通过添加植物油及吐温作为高山被孢霉合成油脂的前体物质,分别考察了不同前体物质的添加对菌体的生物量、油脂含量、油脂产量及所得油脂中各脂肪酸组分的影响。实验结果显示:添加植物油作为前体不但可以提高菌体中油脂含量,而且会使油脂中花生四烯酸的产量得到大幅度提高,其中加入菜籽油、亚麻籽油及大豆油为前体时,花生四烯酸的产量分别达到了2 063.2、2 062.8 mg/L及2 192.9 mg/L,比对照组提高了112.72%、112.68%及126.10%;而以吐温80为前体时,虽然菌体的油脂产量有所降低,但油脂中花生四烯酸的产量比对照组提高了79.91%,达到了1 744.9 mg/L。     

花生四烯酸微胶囊的配方研究

由于部分人群对牛奶蛋白敏感,因此需要研发出无牛奶来源配方产品。为满足该产品的市场需求,本文研究以变性淀粉和麦芽糊精为壁材,花生四烯酸油脂为芯材,利用喷雾干燥法制备微胶囊的最佳配比。实验结果表明,综合考虑乳化效果、产品指标和成本等因素,制备10%花生四烯酸微胶囊的原材料配比分别为花生四烯酸油脂25%(花生四烯酸含量40%),变性淀粉25%,麦芽糊精48%,复合抗氧化剂2%。     

超临界CO_2萃取微生物油脂中ARA工艺条件的优化

为了提取微生物发酵液中的花生四烯酸,提高微生物油脂中花生四烯酸的含量,采用超临界CO2萃取的方法,利用二次回归正交旋转组合试验方案优化萃取的最佳工艺条件,并采用气相色谱分析花生四烯酸含量。试验得出最佳的工艺条件为:萃取温度32℃、萃取压力16 MPa、萃取时间101 min,以10%甲醇做夹带剂,花生四烯酸的提取率和纯度分别为45.7%和19.34%。通过方差分析和验证实验,数学模型可靠并且拟和较好。     

多价不饱和脂肪酸发醇条件的初步研究

研究被孢霉SD－95的摇瓶发酵特性，选出最优培养基配方。摇瓶发酵结果为，菌体得率28．5％，油脂得率12．4％，油脂含量43．6％，碘值122．8。油脂中多价不饱和脂肪酸组成为，亚油酸17．2％，r-亚麻酸7．7％，花生四烯酸0．5％，多价不饱和脂肪酸总量为25．3％；菌丝体经过冬化处理后，其多价不饱和脂肪酸组成为，亚油酸18．6％，r-亚麻酸8．1％，花生四烯酸0．7％，二十碳五烯酸50．4mg／1009油脂，多价不饱和脂肪酸总量27．5％。     

微生物油脂中花生四烯酸的气相色谱定量检测

建立了快速、灵敏测定微生物油脂中花生四烯酸(AA)含量的气相色谱法(GC).采用HP-INNOWAX毛细管柱,氢火焰离子化检测器(FID),优化了分析花生四烯酸酯化产物的色谱条件.结果表明:花生四烯酸甲酯(AA - ME)在0～1.00 mg/mL范围内具有较好线性,相关系数为0.999 6,检测限为0.000 5 mg/mL,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.49％,回收率在95.86％～105.32％;花生四烯酸乙酯( AA - EE)在0～1.23 mg/mL范围内线性良好,相关系数为0.999 9,检测限为0.003 0 mg/mL,RSD为0.60％,回收率在97.79％～103.61％.     

油脂中花生四烯酸含量测定

建立了一种对油脂中花生四烯酸含量的检测方法,在加入内标的基础上,使用氢氧化钾-甲醇溶液甲酯化,生成的脂肪酸甲酯使用DB-23毛细管柱进行分离检测,结果采用内标法进行分析。结果表明：该方法的回收率在99.58%,仪器精密度RSD为0.45%,方法精密度RSD0.85%,方法重现性RSD0.74%。本方法能准确、有效地对油脂中的花生四烯酸含量进行检测,能满足实际检测工作的需要。     

富含花生四烯酸(AA)微生物油脂提取及富集研究

从花生四烯酸高产菌株中提取微生物油脂,并采用尿素包合法对花生四烯酸（ＡＡ）进行富 集,可将花生四烯酸含量由粗油中的４２．４５％提高到８２．３７％。     

微生物油的制取和精炼工艺技术研究

分析探讨了微生物油脂的主要功能及油脂含量、油脂的制备、油脂的精炼工艺过程和生产技术，并推荐了产品的质量标准。实验研究结果为：发酵生物量可达49g干菌体／1发酵液，含油率42.56%-47.25%，蛋白质含量30％－35％，灰分5％－7％，纤维素2％－4％，产油量19.7g，γ－亚麻酸5.78%-6.59%，花生四烯酸4.75%，提供了微生物发酵4号溶剂低温浸出制取微生物油脂的工艺参数，为微生物油脂的工业化生产提供了科学依据。     

用负载型柱色谱(CuCl-Al2O3)分离纯化真菌油脂中的花生四烯酸

花生四烯酸(AA)是一种重要的人体必需多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA),具有广泛的生物活性.将真菌油脂皂化制得的混合脂肪酸经尿素包合法纯化和甲酯化后,再利用负载在氧化铝上的氯化亚铜(CuCl-Al2O3)(质量比为1∶1)为固定相,以含1%丙酮的正己烷溶液(体积比)为流动相的柱色谱法进一步纯化其中的花生四烯酸,流速1～1.5mL/min,负载量0.52g/100 gCuCl-Al2O3,结果使花生四烯酸含量由74.9%提高到93.5%,收率为80.5%.采用气相色谱(GC)进行跟踪检测分析.     

发酵法生产新型营养强化剂--花生四烯酸

本文研究了温度、PH、培养时间以及碳源、氮源等因素对高山被孢霉菌I49-N18的细胞生长、产油脂和花生四烯酸的影响,确定了该菌株发酵生产花生四烯酸的最佳培养基和最佳培养条件,使得其干菌体重（DW）可达25.9g/l,总脂（TL/DW）含量达36.6％,花生四烯酸（AA/TL）含量达71.0％。     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

The Ministry of Environmental Protection Issued "Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Control in Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry (Trial)" and Two Other Guiding Technical Documents

On December 27t＂, 2013, the Ministry of Environmenta Protection announced that, in order to implement ＂The Environmental Protection Law of the People＇ s Republic of China＂, improve the working system in environmenta protection technologies, and promote technologica advancement in pollution prevention, the Ministry of Environmental Protection sponsored the formulation of three guiding technical documents including ＂Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Contro n Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry （Trial）＂     

1~(st) Intelli-Tissue~ EcoEc Tissue Machine Supplied by PMP Group Successfully Put into Operation in China

正On April 29th,2014,Intelli-Tissue EcoEc tissue machine supplied by PMP Group successfully put into operation at Hebei Xuesong Paper Co.,Ltd.,this is the first such kind of paper machine of PMP Group in China.