源于食品加工副产物纳米纤维素晶体的制备及其在食品中的应用

近年来,作为一种环境友好材料——纳米纤维素,其制备及在材料、食品、化工、医药等领域的应用备受人们关注,其中纳米纤维素晶体具有高长径比、高比表面积、高结晶度、高机械强度和良好的热稳定性等优良特性。在介绍纳米纤维素晶体制备方法的基础上,对源于食品加工副产物纳米纤维素晶体的理化特性(形貌、结晶度、稳定性等)及主要应用方面(作为食品包装材料增强剂、Pickering乳液稳定剂、食品配料等)进行了全面综述,并对纳米纤维素晶体研究存在的问题及今后的发展方向进行了展望。     

静电纺丝和炭化法制备纳米纤维素储能材料研究进展

为促进纳米纤维素材料在储能领域的应用,综述了以其为原料,采用静电纺丝和炭化技术以及2种方法结合制备用于电池和超级电容器等电极材料和隔膜材料的工艺。通过分析发现:静电纺纳米纤维素材料具有电化学性能优异、柔性较好等优点,可用作增强材料与导电材料复合使用;炭化处理纳米纤维素材料具有独特微孔结构,比表面积大等特点,其存在的形态主要有气凝胶、纳米纤维膜及薄膜等;重点分析了2种方法叠加制备纳米纤维素材料在储能领域应用中存在的问题;提出构建环保、形态结构多样的天然基材储能器件是未来的发展方向,指出静电纺丝和炭化制备纳米纤维素材料在柔性储能器件和小巧型移动端储能设备中具有较好应用前景。     

纳米纤维素基血液接触性材料研究进展

纳米纤维素是在某一尺度上具有纳米级的纤维素材料,其具有优异的力学性能和良好的生物相容性,在血液接触性材料领域得到了迅速的发展。纳米纤维素材料具有可控的血液相容性,作为抗凝血材料和促凝血材料具有广泛的应用前景。本文讨论了纳米纤维素基血液接触性材料的制备方法,总结了其在抗凝血与促凝血中的应用,并就其未来应用进行了展望。     

纳米纤维素的改性及其在复合材料中的应用进展

作为一种新型的纳米生物材料,纳米纤维素具有广阔的应用前景。本文给出了纳米纤维素的定义和分类,分析了其优良特性,详细介绍了对纳米纤维素进行化学改性的方法：小分子化学修饰和接枝共聚,综述了纳米纤维素在增强合成高分子材料和天然高分子材料及其衍生物中的应用进展,并对纳米纤维素在复合材料中的应用前景进行了展望。     

纳米纤维素基气凝胶的制备及其吸附分离应用研究进展

纤维素基功能材料的产业化是传统造纸行业转型升级的重要发展方向。纳米纤维素基气凝胶是一种基于纳米纤维素制备而成的轻质固体材料,具有孔隙率高、比表面积大、低密度和可生物降解等优点,在吸附分离领域有广泛的应用。本文对纳米纤维素基气凝胶的制备方法进行了总结,探讨了制备过程对纳米纤维素基气凝胶结构的影响,综述了纳米纤维素基气凝胶在吸附分离领域中的应用进展,并展望了其应用前景。     

纳米纤维素在食品行业中应用研究进展

概述了纳米纤维素的种类,包括微纤化纤维素、纳米纤维素晶体和细菌纳米纤维素,以及3种纳米纤维素的特性及其主要制备方法;重点介绍了纳米纤维素在食品领域的应用,主要包括其作为食品添加剂、功能性食品成分及食品包装材料等其他用途,并对其未来发展进行展望。     

纤维素纳米纤丝复合材料在药物缓释中的应用

纳米纤维素具有可再生、环境友好、可生物降解、比表面积大、弹性模量高、生物相容性好等优异特性。利用纤维素纳米纤丝开发药物载体材料,有助于促进农林生物质资源的高值化应用。本文系统地综述纤维素纳米纤丝复合水凝胶材料、复合气凝胶材料、复合膜材料在药物缓释领域中的研究现状,阐述其药物缓释机理,并展望纳米纤维素在药物缓释领域的发展方向。     

纳米纤维素/二维材料纳米复合材料在水处理领域的应用进展

近年来,纳米纤维素在水处理领域受到广泛关注。纳米纤维素的羟基对带有离子结构的污染物表现出一定的吸引力,通过表面改性还可进一步提高其捕获能力。将纳米纤维素和石墨烯等二维材料复合能够制备高性能纳米复合材料,提高材料对污染物的选择性。本文介绍了纳米纤维素和常见的几种二维材料,综述了纳米纤维素/二维材料复合材料在水处理领域的应用,包括过滤、吸附、光催化降解3种处理方法,并对不同二维材料与纳米纤维素复合后在水处理领域应用中的差异进行了比较。     

表面酯化修饰纳米纤维素在聚乳酸复合膜中的应用

本文分别以纳米纤维素和酶促酯化改性后的纳米纤维素为增强材料,以聚乳酸为基质制备了聚乳酸-酯化纳米纤维素复合膜材料。通过对不同种类复合膜材料的透光性、拉伸性能、透湿率等各项性能指标的测定,对比研究了酯化改性前后纳米纤维素对聚乳酸膜、聚乳酸复合膜性能的影响;并探讨了脂肪酸链长对聚乳酸复合膜性能的影响。研究发现,纳米纤维素对聚乳酸的阻隔性能有一定的增强效果,但其不易分散于聚乳酸中,导致所制备的复合膜机械性能降低,膜表面出现明显的纳米纤维素聚团。经酯化疏水改性后所得到的纳米纤维素能分散良好于有机溶剂中,因而酯化改性对聚乳酸-酯化纳米纤维素复合膜的透明度影响甚小;同时,由于酯化纳米纤维素分散性良好,与聚乳酸具有更强的界面结合力,因此以酯化改性对酯化纳米纤维素-聚乳酸所制备的复合膜材料的机械性能、阻隔性能等较之未改性纳米纤维素-聚乳酸复合膜有了显著提高。这种新型复合膜可作为可降解性食品包装材料,在食品化工等领域有着良好的应用前景。     

纳米纤维素在制浆造纸工业中的应用研究

纳米纤维素以其独有的物理特性、丰富的材料来源、绿色环保等特性在造纸领域受到广泛的关注和研究。本文简要综述了目前纳米纤维素在制浆造纸领域的制备及应用,重点介绍了纳米纤维素作为造纸添加剂和纸张涂料的应用研究及机理,并对纳米纤维素在造纸工业中的应用进行了总结。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the