涂料与树脂同浴对涂料染色性能的影响

采用涂料染色和树脂整理一浴法工艺染色，并通过对染色工艺条件的讨论，探讨涂料染色和树脂整理一浴法对涂料染色性能的影响。     

涂料与树脂同浴地涂料染色性能的影响

采用涂料染色和树脂整理一浴法工艺染色，并通过对染色工艺条件的讨论，探讨涂料染色和树脂整理一浴法对染色性能的影响。     

棉织物的涂料浸染工艺

涂料染色因其摩擦牢度低、手感粗糙等问题而应用甚少。随着涂料染色用助剂性能的提高，先对涂料和织物进行改性预处理，大大改善了染色织物的水洗牢度、摩擦牢度和手感。文中结合实践简述棉织物涂料浸染染色工艺，提出染色过程中应注意的问题。     

纳米涂料染色工艺研究

对制备的纳米级涂料的染色性能进行较为深入的研究，给出了应用工艺，尤其对无粘合剂体系直接用涂料浸染织物进行了研究，提高了传统涂料染色的色牢度，改善了涂料染色后织物的手感。     

涂料染色技术的开发应用

分析了影响涂料染色的各种因素，对常规染色工艺与涂料染色工艺作了比较，提出了开发涂料染色技术需解决的几大问题及其解决方法。     

新型涂料染色讲座

分别介绍了卷染工艺和轧染工艺中新型涂料染色、活性染料染色和还原染料染色的工艺过程和使用的染化料，经对比后不难看出，新型涂料染色达到了减少染色工序、减少染化料的使用，从而实现了节能、降水、少污、减排的目的。     

超声波涂料染色

将频率为49kHz的超声波应用于涂料染色中，并与常规染色进行比较。结果表明，超声波施加于棉纤维的阳离子改性阶段，改性时间可缩短至15min左右；施加于涂料染色阶段，则可以明显提高染色速率及上染百分率；施加于固色阶段，可以提高湿摩擦牢度半级左右。     

棉织物的涂料浸染工艺

介绍了涂料浸染染色的特征及棉织物的涂料浸染机理。结合实践叙述了棉织物涂料浸染染色的工艺，并总结了染色过程中应注意的问题。     

成衣涂料染色

介绍了成衣涂料染色的原理及其特点，重点阐述全棉成衣前处理、阳离子改性、涂料染色、固色、纤维素酶洗、柔软的加工工艺过程，并提出了生产中的注意事项。     

涂料染色纱线色织磨毛休闲面料的开发实践

涂料染色适合于各种纤维，但目前国内涂料局限于印花、织物染色，较少用于色织物的纱线染色。文章介绍了涂料染色纱线色织面料的开发实践，叙述了各道工序的具体工艺和影响质量的主要因素，由此拓宽了涂料应用范围，丰富了色织物品种，还可通过磨毛改善涂料染色织物手感僵硬的缺点。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Influence des ions sur le pouvoir hydratant de l'ure e: e tude sur peau de porc ex vivo

This study deals with the influence of ions (NaCl and MgSO4) in a W/O emulsion containing 10% urea. Moisturization kinetics are assessed by corneometry on pig skin ex vivo. The formula's influence on urea penetration is measured by infrared spectrometry with an ATR device and the stripping method. Corneometry and spectroscopy were chosen to record simultaneously the hydratation levels and urea localization into superficial cell layers. Urea crystallization after evaporation of emulsions and aqueous solutions is described. Results show that urea does not hydrate nor penetrate when applied to the skin through an aqueous gel. In a W/O emulsion, sodium chloride increases the ability of urea to moisturize without improving penetration. In vitro urea crystallization is disturbed by sodium chloride or magnesium sulphate for solutions and emulsions. This stabilization by ions is correlated with good moisturization values. The stabilization of urea in the solute state provided by ions increases its water epidermal binding capacity without enhancing penetration.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Analysis on Economic Indicators from 62 Enterprises in Printing Machinery Industry in Q1 2014

Operation of printing machine industry was still unsatisfactory in the first quarter of 2014.Analysis on operation of printing machine industry.a.Market demand was not strong;sales of product undulated and declined.According to the statistics,the total industrial output value fell by 19.28% in the first quarter of 2014 than the average quarter value in 2013; industrial added value decreased by 4.16%; sales revenue dropped by 22.83%. h. Business operation of enterprises was in poor condition. c. R＆D of new products is an important transformation guarantee for enterprises. d. To take self explore new ways upgrading advantages,and explore new ways.