小麦品种品质与面条品质关系的研究

通过对陕西关中近年育成的１３个小麦品种（品系）的籽粒性状、蛋白质品质、磨粉品质、粉质参数及面条蒸煮品质的系统分析,研究了小麦品种品质性状与面条品质性状的相关关系,结果认为,信仪２号８８２１、大粒８７８、３个小麦品种适宜于制作面条。面条蒸煮吸水率与小麦品种的出粉率、湿面筋含量呈显著负相关,与籽粒硬度、面粉吸水率与小麦品种的发率、湿面筋含量呈显著负相关,与籽粒硬度、面粉吸水率１、灰分含量呈极显著负相关     

小麦品种籽粒品质与中国挂面品质关系研究

以5个中国小麦品种和8个法国小麦品种为材料,研究了拉伸参数、粉质参数、蛋白质品质、糊化参数等小麦品种籽粒品质与面条品质的关系;对比了中法小麦品种面条品质的差异,并对其形成原因进行了分析;探讨了试验原料、数据分析方法和试验方法等因素对试验结果的影响;探讨了用质构仪评价面条品质时的代表性品质指标。研究结果发现,45min时拉伸参数,稳定时间,沉淀值,加入酶活抑制剂时所测糊化参数可以做为评价中国小麦品种面条用面粉品质的主要依据;沉淀值可作为小麦品种选育过程中预测面条筋力的首选指标;由质构仪所测得的硬度和断裂能量可做为主要代表性指标分别反映面条的粘弹性和筋力特性。中国小麦品种的面条粘结性和煮制吸水率较大,最佳煮制时间和干物质失落率较小,干面条的抗弯强度和熟面条的硬度、咀嚼性和筋力较低。蛋白质质量和糊化特性较低是形成这种差距的主要原因。     

Identification of characteristic starch properties of wheat varieties used to commercially produce dried noodles

The starch physicochemical properties of wheat varieties used to commercially produce dried noodles were studied. Scanning electron microscopy and laser microparticle size analyser were used to observe the starch particles; the polymorphism of the waxy (Wx) protein of each wheat variety was also studied. The correlation analysis among commonalities of the starch physicochemical properties and noodle textural properties was performed. Results indicated that the amylose contents of the noodle wheat varieties ranged from 17.8% to 21.7%. There was a significant, positive correlation between the thermodynamic temperature of starch and the volume distribution of particle size. The correlation between the volume distribution of B-type starch granules and noodle springiness was significant, which means that volume distribution of starch particle size could be used as one of the indicators to evaluate the springiness of noodles. Molecular polymorphism identification of Wx protein was also useful to select desirable noodle wheat variety. The results of this study provide useful information for wheat breeding works and wheat variety selection of noodle-making company.     

面粉品质与面条品质的关系探讨

从面粉的组成成分及微生物指标入手,对面粉品质与面条制品品质的关系进行了分析和讨论,综述了近年来国内外在优质面条用粉方面的研究进展,以期为面条生产者正确选用面粉品种及改善产品质量提供参考。     

面粉糊化特性与鲜湿及煮后面条质构特性关系

为了研究小麦面粉糊化特性对于面条加工品质和食用品质的影响，选用了黄淮冬麦区（陕西省、河南省）的25个主栽小麦品种及2个专用面粉（新疆拉争子粉、日本乌东专用粉）为材料，研究了面粉糊化特性与鲜面条加工特性（面条长度、面条厚度、鲜面条最大拉伸阻力、拉伸长度和拉伸能量）、面条煮后品质（TPA测试、表面韧性、剪切韧性和压缩特性）的关系。研究结果认为对于鲜面条加工而言，低谷粘度、最终粘度、回生值、破损值、峰值时间和峰值温度贡献较大；对于煮后面条质构而言，最终粘度、回生值、破损值、峰值时间和峰值温度更为重要。总之，小麦品种的最终粘度、回生值、破损值对于面条加工和食用品质影响很大。     

小麦品质对面条品质影响因素的研究

以机制扁面条为对象,研究了小麦品质对面条成品品质的影响。结果认为,干物质失落率在面条品质的评价中所占的比重最大,蛋白质含量、面团稳定时间是蒸煮吸水率的决定性因子,沉降值是干物质失落率、蛋白质损失率的决定性因子。在面条小麦品种的选择和育种中,沉降值应予以高度重视。     

小麦品质对面条品质影响的研究

本文对目前河南省种植的24个小麦品种的品质特性及制成面条的食用品质进行了系统分析评价，研究了面条煮面品质与小麦品种品质之间的相互关系，提出了生产面条专用粉的小麦品种质量指标，为小麦育种及专用粉的生产提供理论依据。     

小麦谷蛋白溶胀指数与面团特性及面条品质相关性分析

选用30种小麦,通过谷蛋白溶胀指数(SIG)与面团特性及面条品质的相关性研究,进而评价谷蛋白溶胀指数在预测蛋白质品质中的应用.结果表明:SIG与面团品质参数形成时间、稳定时间、弱化皮、拉伸曲线面积具有显著相关性,相关系数分别为0.537,0.547,-0.516,0.469;SIG20与面条品质参数最佳蒸煮时间、咀嚼性、弹性具有显著相关性,相关系数分别为0.455,0.477,-0.521,与硬度具有相关性,相关系数为0.334.谷蛋白溶胀指数比其他3种预测方法更简单,相关性更好,更适合中国小麦蛋白质品质预测,可以用于指导品质育种、谷物化学研究、面制食品加工.     

Influence of isolated flaxseed mucilage as a non‐starch polysaccharide on noodle quality

Physicochemical, cooking quality and sensory characteristics of noodles enriched by extracted flaxseed mucilage were evaluated. Noodles were prepared with replacement wheat flour with different mucilage concentrations and drying at different temperatures. Generally, physicochemical and noodle quality characteristics improved with adding flaxseed mucilage compared to control sample. The correlation between optimum cooking time with mucilage concentrations and drying temperatures established by nonlinear regression. The obtained data of cooking yield, swelling index, cooking loss and nitrogen loss were analysed using the two‐dimension response surface method. The mucilage concentration of 3% and drying temperature ranging between 68.2 and 70 °C were the best condition to prepare the noodle with high cooking quality compared to the control sample. The received scores from sensory evaluation showed that replacement of wheat flour by flaxseed mucilage improved the texture and overall acceptability of prepared noodle.     

谷蛋白溶涨指数与面制食品质量控制

选用27个中国小麦样品，研究了谷蛋白溶涨指数对于评价中国白盐面条品质评价的适用性。谷蛋白溶涨指数与面带长度呈极显著负相关，与面带厚度呈极显著正相关。谷蛋白溶涨指数各时间(0min，5min，20min)与面条最佳煮面时间、鲜面条最大拉伸阻力、拉伸能量、拉伸长度均呈极显著正相关(除SIGO与最佳煮面时间呈显著正相关)；谷蛋白溶涨指数与可溶性谷蛋白、不溶性谷蛋白含量、面筋指数及蛋白质含量呈极显著正相关；谷蛋白溶涨指数与煮后面条表面韧性呈显著或极显著负相关，与剪切韧性呈显著正相关。谷蛋白溶涨指数可以作为一种品质指标控制面制食品的质量。     

机制面条制作工艺研究综述

面条质量除了受原料品质的影响外,很大程度上还受制作工艺的影响。总结了面条制作工艺对机制面条质量的影响,结果发现,制作工艺对机制面条色泽、面片的均匀程度以及熟面条的色泽和质地等均有不同程度的影响。实验室面条制作最佳加水量为面团含水量33%~37%;加盐量在1%~4%;和面时间一般不超过8 min;压延比一般在10%~40%之间;醒面方法一般采用面带醒面法,醒面时间一般在15~60 min;烘干工艺一般采用恒温40℃,恒湿75%,烘干6 h以上。面条质量评价和制作工艺的标准化还需进一步完善。     

四川地方大米品种特性对方便米粉品质的影响

以四川省农业科学研究院试验区筛选出的7种优质杂交水稻为研究对象,米粉工业常用大米作对照,通过测定原料基本成分、米粉感官品质、蒸煮品质和质构特性等指标,研究不同品种四川地方大米原料对方便米粉品质的影响,通过相关分析建立大米原料品种指标与米粉品质间的相关性。结果表明:原料米品种对方便米粉感官品质、蒸煮品质、质构特性的均有显著影响。米粉的劲道、爽滑、风味等感官指标及其综合评分,质构特性与大米直链淀粉含量均呈显著的正相关性。米粉的断条率、复水时间与大米的直链淀粉含量、蛋白质含量呈显著的负相关性,与大米的支链淀粉含量、粗脂肪含量呈显著的正相关性(P0.05或P0.01)。当大米直链淀粉含量在21.40%～25.61%时,米粉感官品质、硬度、拉伸长度和断条率均最优。采用本实验方法制作米粉时,4#、5#、6#这3种大米加工的米粉品质较好,为进一步确定四川方便米粉原料标准化提供了参考依据。     

Wheat noodles enriched with A-type and/or B-type wheat starch: physical,thermal and textural properties of dough sheet and noodle samples from different noodle-making process

This study explored the effects of adding A-type starch (AS), B-type wheat starch (BS) on the physicochemical or edible quality of dough sheet and noodle samples at different stages of the noodle-making process, which included 1-mixing, 2-kneading, 3-resting, 4-sheeting and cutting and 5-drying. The swelling power and pasting viscosities of samples in noodle-making process were decreased compared with mixed flour, indicating gluten network during noodle-making inhibits these properties of starch. Adding 20% BS enhanced the formation and aggregation of gluten network during kneading and drying compared by adding AS. The drying process increased cooking yield and cooking loss and decreased hardness and springiness, and the effect was weakened when adding BS. The correlation results show the increased solubility and decreased setback during drying are the main reason for the changes of cooking and texture quality of noodles. The increase of swelling power resulted in the increased cooking yield.     

苦荞麦营养保健面条的研究

以苦荞-小麦混合粉制作面条,研究了不同比例的苦荞粉和添加剂(明胶,海藻酸钠和CMC)对苦荞面条加工特性的影响,并采用正交试验优化了苦荞面条的加工工艺.结果表明,随着苦荞粉添加比例的增加,面条的断条率逐渐增大,烹调损失也逐渐增加,面条的品质随之变差;三种添加剂的使用均可改善面条的蒸煮品质,其中CMC的效果最好;当苦荞粉与小麦粉的比例为3:7时,按混合粉质量分别添加0.55%的CMC添加剂、35%的水及1%的食盐,经和面、熟化、压面、切条与干燥工艺,可制得品质较好的面条.     

天然复合面条添加剂的研究

本文研究了天然复合添加剂HLA对不同面条品质的改良作用。结果表明 ,HLA能够显著改善面团的流变学特性、面条的强度和烹煮品质 ,是一种改良效果明显、经济实用型的面条质量改良剂     

Quantitative assessment of protein fractions of Chinese wheat flours and their contribution to white salted noodle quality

Protein quantity and quality play a significant contribution to white salted noodle processing. The objective of this study was to determine the contribution of different protein fractions to 25 Chinese varieties on wheat based noodle quality. The results showed: the average ratio of monomeric protein, soluble glutenin and insoluble glutenin in Chinese Huanghuai winter wheat was 3.7:1.0:1.8. Compared with Canadian wheat varieties, the ratio was 4.4:1.0:2.0. The monomeric protein and insoluble glutenin were lower in the Chinese varieties, the soluble glutenin content was higher; while the dough character was lower than Canadian hard wheat, but most Chinese wheat can make good quality noodles. This may be the defining difference between noodle wheat and bread wheat. The monomeric protein content was significant positive correlated with fresh noodle maximum resistance, and high significant positive with extension distance and area. The soluble and insoluble glutenin were mainly responsible in fresh noodle maximum resistance, extension distance and using a texture analyzer, but were high negative correlated with fresh noodle sheet length (Table 2). For cooked noodles, the soluble glutenin content demonstrated a high significant positive relationship to cutting firmness, and a significant negative correlation to cooking loss. The insoluble glutenin content was high significant positive correlated with cooked noodle thickness, hardness and cutting firmness (Table 3). The results suggested that the monomeric protein is less important than that of the glutenin for fresh noodle resistance. The soluble glutenin content is the most important property for noodle wheat, and soluble glutenin content can be used in the early generations to identity Chinese noodle wheat.     

不同品种马铃薯加工鲜湿面条的适宜性比较研究

为探讨不同品种马铃薯加工鲜湿面条的适宜性,从流变学特性、烹调特性、质构特性等方面分析了13个马铃薯主栽培品种全粉原料对鲜湿面条产品品质的影响,并研究了马铃薯全粉糊化特性与鲜湿面条品质的相关性.研究结果表明:13个马铃薯品种中布尔班克全粉在糊化过程中具有较高的膨胀度、耐剪切能力、热稳定性、硬度、凝胶强度、峰值时间和糊化温度,由其制作的面团筋力最强,且鲜湿面条产品烹调特性、质构特性等指标优于其他品种,因此认为,13个主栽培品种中布尔班克适宜加工为马铃薯鲜湿面条.相关性分析表明,马铃薯全粉的峰值黏度与鲜湿面条品质显著相关,可以作为筛选加工鲜湿面条的马铃薯品种的重要指标.本研究旨在为马铃薯鲜湿面条品质评价和加工鲜湿面条的马铃薯专用品种的筛选提供理论依据.     

The Use of Potato and Sweet Potato Starches Affects White Salted Noodle Quality

ABSTRACT Potato and sweet potato starches and derivatives thereof were used to substitute part of the wheat flour in white salted noodle (WSN) manufacture. The quality of the WSN obtained was compared with the quality of WSN made from wheat flour only. When up to 20% of wheat flour was replaced by acetylated potato starch and acetylated sweet potato starches, the cooking loss of WSN decreased, while the softness, stretchability, and slipperiness increased significantly. Native and hydroxypropylated starches did not exhibit these effects. It can be concluded that the substitution of part of wheat flour with acetylated starches strongly affects noodle-making and final noodle quality, and starch substitution can be used to change the performance of a given wheat flour for noodle making in a desired way.     

高品质面条工艺配方优化

利用响应面(RSM)研究超微蛋白粉、食盐、木薯淀粉、海藻酸钠、谷朊粉在面粉中不同的添加量对高品质面条产品感官、硬度、弹性、咀嚼性、膨润度、溶出率、面汤浊度、最大剪切力及有机物含量(TOM)品质因素的影响。研究结果表明:当超微蛋白粉、食盐、木薯淀粉、海藻酸钠、谷朊粉在面粉中的添加量分别为2.84、1.87、11.63、0.3、2g/dL时可获得最佳的面条品质。     

小麦粉理化特性与面条评分相关性的研究

收集了全国222个小麦样品,研究小麦粉的RVA快速黏度测定仪参数、降落数值、面筋含量和指数、沉降值等与面条感官评分的相关性。相关性统计分析结果表明:RVA快速黏度仪参数和降落数值与面条感官评价显著相关。对数据进行通径分析,研究各指标对面条总分评价的直接和间接影响。根据所测数据建立多元线性回归方程,面条评价总分y=53.855 80+5.322 09X1-0.120 06X2-0.009 11X3+0.003 93X4,其中X1为峰值时间,X2为面筋含量,X3为回生值,X4为最低黏度,表明淀粉性状特征指标和面筋含量均对面条评分有显著贡献。