酶解虾加工下脚料工艺的研究

本试验以水解度为指标，研究了5种蛋白酶酶解虾加工下脚料的能力，确定了FIavourzyme和Alcalase为最佳复合酶。利用响应曲面法，得到了复合酶的最适酶解参数：起始pH值6．74，酶解温度48．3℃，底物浓度7．3％。在此优化条件下，重复试验3次，平均水解度达23．16％。     

小麦蛋白Alcalase水解物免疫活性肽的研究

实验研究了以Alcalase碱性蛋白酶水解小麦分离蛋白制备小麦肽的工艺，分析了温度、pH值、底物浓度、酶添加量和时间对酶水解的影响。通过正交实验得到了Alcalase水解小麦蛋白的最佳工艺，工艺参数为酶用量22．5μL／g，pH值9．5，温度60℃，底物浓度4％，反应时间100min，水解度18．63％。所得小麦肽混合物用离子交换树脂依据电荷进行初步分离获得4个组分。经过小鼠体外脾淋巴细胞增殖反应（MTT法）鉴定其免疫活性，结果表明pH8和pH10洗脱得到的组分对小鼠脾细胞增殖具有较强的刺激作用，组分中可能含有对小鼠体外淋巴细胞增殖具有刺激作用的活性肽。     

Alcalase 2.4L催化牛骨胶原蛋白水解反应及其动力学研究

对碱性蛋白酶Alcalase 2.4L水解牛骨胶原蛋白的工艺以及动力学特征进行了研究.探讨底物浓度、酶量、温度、pH、时间等因素对胶原蛋白水解度的影响,研究确定了碱性蛋白酶Alcalase 2.4L水解牛骨胶原蛋白的最佳水解条件为:在pH8.5,60℃,底物浓度为80g/L,加酶量为40μL/g条件下水解3h,水解度可达13.5%,优于其他蛋白酶.根据所建立的pH-stal酶解体系确定了Km为1.6362mol/L,Vmax为0.3444mol/L·h,为更有效地利用胶原蛋白资源奠定了理论基础.     

方便型阿胶元粉的生物复合酶酶解工艺技术研究及开发

对阿胶提取液的生物复合酶酶解工艺进行了研究.研究结果表明,酶解后产品低肽分子量80％小于2000u,各种氨基酸组成合理,易于人体吸收利用.最佳酶解工艺条件为选用2709碱性蛋白酶和Alcalase 2.4L碱性蛋白酶按1:1比例复配成复合酶制剂,底物浓度8％,酶浓度3％,温度55℃,pH值8.5,水解时间2h.     

Alcalase水解猪皮胶原蛋白的研究

研究了Alcalase水解猪皮制备胶原蛋白寡肽时影响水解效果的各种因素。确定了Alcalase水解猪皮的最佳水解条件：pH值8．0,水解温度60℃,酶与底物比25μL／g,底物浓度60g／L,水解时间4h。在此最佳水解条件下,猪皮的降解率可达到97.3％,水解度可达到13．1％。     

海棒槌胶原蛋白的酶解工艺及其产物清除自由基活性的研究

本文研究了低值的芋参科海参--海棒槌(Paracaudinachinensvar.)的胶原蛋白肽的制备、分离纯化及其清除自由基的活性。利用菠萝蛋白酶对海棒槌胶原进行酶解,通过正交试验,确定菠萝蛋白酶水解海棒槌胶原蛋白的最佳酶解条件为:酶解温度40℃,加酶量240U/ml,底物浓度18mg/100ml(以羟脯氨酸计),pH5.2,酶解时间为4h。在此试验条件下所得产物对超氧阴离子自由基的清除率可达到52.20%。采用超滤和SephadexG-25凝胶柱对酶解液进行分离纯化,得到清除超氧阴离子和羟基自由基能力较强的组分。     

酶法制取比目鱼皮胶原蛋白寡肽

选用比目鱼皮作为一种新型的胶原蛋白资源，首先对其进行预处理，然后用2709碱性蛋白酶水解。利用单因素试验和响应面分析优化2709碱性蛋白酶水解比目鱼皮的最佳工艺条件为：pH10；底物质量浓度70g／L；温度55℃；加酶量4％；水解2h；最大水解度为22.36％。然后对水解产物进行后处理，得到了一套完整的生产鱼皮胶原蛋白寡肽的工艺。用飞行时间质谱仪测定所得水解产物的分子质量分布范围，结果表明其分子质量主要集中在0．6kDa～1．8kDa之间。     

大豆分离蛋白酶解液体外抗氧化性的研究

以大豆分离蛋白为底物，以抗氧化性为指标，从6种蛋白酶中筛选出碱性内切蛋白酶为最佳水解酶，优化了其最佳水解条件，并测定了碱性内切蛋白酶水解大豆分离蛋白所得酶解液的亚油酸过氧化抑制率和清除氧自由基活力。结果表明，碱性内切蛋白酶最佳水解条件为T=55℃，pH=7．5，E／[S]=5％，[S]=4．5％，水解时间t=3h，其水解大豆分离蛋白所得酶解液的亚油酸过氧化抑制率为28．4％，清除氧自由基活力为45．6％。     

复合酶水解菜籽清蛋白的研究

以菜籽清蛋白为原料，选择碱性蛋白(Alcalase)和复合风味酶(Flavourzyme)分步水解制备菜籽清蛋白水解物。通过单因素实验和响应面法分析，确定了碱性蛋白酶(Alcalase)酶解菜籽清蛋白的最佳水解条件为：pH8．0、反应温度50．1℃、酶用量0．38AU／g、底物浓度4．87％。在此条件下水解1h，水解度为14．72％。分步酶解的工艺条件为：Alcalase酶反应1h后，加入50LAPU／g Flavourzyme酶，50℃下酶解2h，酶解液水解度可达28％。氨基酸分析结果表明，菜籽清蛋白水解物可作为优质食品添加剂用于食品工业。     

猪皮胶原蛋白酶解及其酶解产物的抗氧化活性

以新鲜猪皮为原料,利用Alcalase水解胶原蛋白,并对影响Alcalase水解过程的各个因素进行研究,通过对水解度和超氧阴离子自由基(O2－ ·)清除率的测定,确定Alcalase水解猪皮胶原蛋白的最适条件;研究在最适条件下制备的不同质量浓度的猪皮胶原蛋白酶解液对DPPH自由基和O2－ ·的清除效果。结果表明：Alcalase水解猪皮胶原蛋白的最适条件为：pH7.5、温度55℃、酶与底物比6000U/g、底物质量浓度40mg/mL,水解时间4h;在此水解条件下,水解度达到9.55%,O2－ ·清除率达到60.11%;在相应质量浓度10～50mg/mL范围内,猪皮胶原蛋白酶解液的DPPH自由基最大清除率为95.06%,IC50为3.89mg/mL;O2－ ·最大清除率为65.89%,IC50为16.43mg/mL。猪皮胶原蛋白酶解液具有较强的自由基清除能力。     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

Focus on China's Paper Industry

In the English section of this issue, 〈China Paper Newsletters〉 will introduce ＂National Development and Reform Commission Issued Announcement for Selection of Major Preliminary Research Projects for the ＇13th Five-Year Plan＇＂, ＂2013 Annual Report of China＇s Paper Industry＂, and news of projects and other policies.     

Listen to downstream & search for innovation

正Nowadays,textile enterprises are all taking efforts in transformation and upgrading,like improving producing capacity and optimizing production structure to face market downturn.It claimed a higher request to the standard of textile equipments.In the upcoming of ITMA ASIA+CITME 2014exhibition,this magazine have interviewed several branch associations and a series of relative enterprises,to summarize industrial developing status