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为了考察卷烟燃吸时的气体流量分配规律,设计了一种测定烟支不同部分进气量的装置;采用该装置测定了卷烟燃吸状态下燃烧锥端、卷烟纸段和滤嘴段的进气量,分析了卷烟燃吸时不同部分的气体流量分配规律和燃烧锥烟气净生成量。结果表明:①卷烟燃吸时,卷烟纸段和滤嘴段进气量大于未燃卷烟,燃烧锥端进气量小于未燃卷烟,滤嘴通风卷烟的滤嘴通风率大于未燃卷烟。②无滤嘴通风卷烟燃吸时,燃烧锥端进气量与烟丝段长度呈线性递减关系,卷烟纸段进气量与烟丝段长度的二次方呈正比关系。③卷烟抽吸时燃烧锥存在净生成气体量,且烟气净生成量与燃烧锥进气量呈正比,实验卷烟燃吸时每毫升燃烧锥端进气量约净生成0.24 mL气体。 相似文献
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卷烟纸对卷烟燃烧性能的影响 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
卷烟纸作为卷烟的主要辅料,由于它直接参与燃烧,所以对卷烟的燃烧性能有着直接的影响.本文所探讨的卷烟燃烧性能,从以下两方面来进行认识和分析:一是卷烟燃烧后从外观视觉效果所体现的外观燃烧性能,如燃烧速度、静燃时的侧流烟气、包灰的牢固性、灰色、燃烧碳化圈、卷烟燃烧锥等.二是卷烟燃烧的内在性能,即烟支燃烧后的烟气组分,其中主要是CO、焦油和烟碱的含量.通过调整卷烟纸的生产工艺,可对上述两方面卷烟燃烧性能进行适当的调节. 相似文献
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①技术领域[0001]本发明涉及卷烟纸制造行业技术的技术领域,尤其涉及一种具有特殊外观、外观独特并具有防御功能的卷烟纸。②背景技术[0002]卷烟纸,也称为盘纸,是卷烟的重要材料。主要起包裹烟丝的作用,同时对烟支的阴燃性、燃烧速度、烟支主流烟气生成和侧流烟气的释放量、卷烟感官抽吸品质和燃吸外观等有重要影响。 相似文献
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为研究低引燃倾向卷烟(LIP卷烟)主流烟气有害成分的释放情况,在不改变卷烟原有配方结构的基础上,利用不同的卷烟纸(普通卷烟纸和低引燃卷烟纸)制备相应的卷烟样品;对样品全长燃烧比例、自由燃烧速率及主流烟气有害成分进行分析测试。结果表明:①采用两种不同低引燃卷烟纸的卷烟,其样品的全长燃烧比例存在较大差异。LIP1卷烟完全符合相关低引燃法规要求,LIP2卷烟则只有60%符合法规要求。②采用两种不同低引燃卷烟纸后,卷烟自由燃烧速率相对于普通卷烟均有明显降低,但两种低引燃卷烟之间不存在明显差异。③采用低引燃卷烟纸后,卷烟主流烟气中部分有害成分(焦油、烟碱、一氧化碳、氢氰酸、苯并[a]芘、苯酚和苯等)存在释放量增加的风险,卷烟危害性指数也相应升高,但两种低引燃卷烟之间并没有明显差异。 相似文献
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卷烟纸是卷烟辅料之一,虽然仅占整支烟的小部分,但由于其影响烟支燃烧时的空气流量并且直接参与燃烧,因此会影响卷烟燃烧性能及燃烧后的烟气化学成分。卷烟纸技术与卷烟品质关系密切,是调控烟气成分、改善抽吸品质、拓展卷烟性能的重要途径。本文主要综述卷烟纸的技术研究成果,分别从卷烟降焦减害、增香保润、新型烟草制品以及功能化卷烟纸等方面进行了阐述,最后对卷烟纸的研究方向进行了展望,期望对烟用卷烟纸的开发提供新思路。 相似文献
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卷烟纸燃烧性能的影响因素 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
卷烟纸的燃烧性能是卷烟纸的重要性能指标,它的好坏直接影响着卷烟的燃烧性能,而且对吸烟者获得满足感和卷烟烟气释放出的物质都至关重要。本文论述了卷烟纸的透气度、灰分及助燃剂的使用等对卷烟纸燃烧性能的影响 相似文献
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卷烟纸助燃剂设计对卷烟品质的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在卷烟设计值焦油量13mg、烟碱量1.2mg、一氧化碳量13mg、感官评吸88.0分,且烟丝、相关辅材、卷烟纸定量、透气度等指标不变的条件下,分析不同助燃剂设计卷烟纸对卷烟燃烧外观、烟气成分、感官评吸的影响,讨论了不同助燃剂设计的卷烟纸与烟丝的匹配性。结果表明:在卷烟减害降焦方面,卷烟纸助燃剂含量及比例的变化在一定范围内对于降低焦油、一氧化碳含量有明显的效果。在满足卷烟设计值的前提下,卷烟纸助燃剂与烟丝的匹配区间为:柠檬酸根含量=2.0%时,K/Na为1.6~11.6;K/Na=1.5时,柠檬酸根含量为1.74%~2.48%;助燃剂设计为柠檬酸根含量2.2%、K/Na1.5的卷烟纸助燃剂与烟丝达到了最佳匹配。 相似文献
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为考察烟丝含水率对主流烟气CO等7种有害成分释放量的影响,采用3种饱和盐溶液制备了不同烟丝含水率的卷烟,分别收集3组卷烟的烟气总粒相物、测定主流烟气中CO等7种有害成分的释放量,并对卷烟的物理参数和固相燃烧温度进行了检测。结果表明:①烟丝含水率对7种有害成分的释放量影响不尽相同,随着烟丝含水率的升高,卷烟主流烟气中氨(NH3)、4-(甲基亚硝胺基)-1-(3-吡啶基)-1-丁酮(NNK)、苯酚的释放量呈降低趋势,CO,苯并[a]芘(B[a]P)释放量呈升高趋势,氢氰酸(HCN)及巴豆醛的变化不明显;②烟丝含水率对卷烟的固相燃烧温度没有显著影响,但影响卷烟的燃烧速率(燃烧过程),进而影响了烟气成分的形成、转移和释放。 相似文献
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为准确测定卷烟抽吸时的逐口烟丝消耗量,基于力矩平衡原理设计了一种能实时监测卷烟抽吸过程中烟支质量损失的装置,结合抽吸比率实验获得了卷烟抽吸时的逐口烟丝消耗量,并进一步考察了滤嘴通风率对逐口烟丝消耗量的影响,探讨了燃烧锥端进气量与烟丝消耗量之间的关系。结果表明:1)设计装置能准确测定出烟支的质量变化,且精密度RSD<1%;2)由卷烟抽吸失重曲线可明显区分出烟支阴燃和吸燃过程,并根据卷烟吸燃前后质量差计算得到了卷烟抽吸逐口质量损失,其大小随抽吸口序的增加而增加;3)结合抽吸比率实验测得了卷烟抽吸逐口烟丝消耗量,实验所用1#、2#和3#卷烟稳定抽吸时其逐口烟丝消耗量在19.9~26.2 mg之间;4)相同口序下卷烟抽吸消耗的烟丝量随滤嘴通风率增大而减小;5)燃烧锥端进气量与烟丝消耗量呈线性关系,且每毫升燃烧锥端进气量消耗的烟丝量与烟丝燃烧性相关。 相似文献
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Wasson SJ Linak WP Gullett BK King CJ Touati A Huggins FE Chen Y Shah N Huffman GP 《Environmental science & technology》2005,39(22):8865-8876
Aged and weathered chromated copper arsenate (CCA) treated wood was burned in an open burn research facility to characterize the air emissions and residual ash. The objectives were to simulate, to the extent possible, the combustion of such waste wood as might occur in an open field or someone's backyard; to characterize the composition and particle size distribution (PSD) of the emitted fly ash; to determine the partitioning of arsenic, chromium, and copper between the fly ash and residual ash; and to examine the speciation of the CCA elements. This work reports preliminary air emission concentrations and estimated emission factors for total particulate matter, arsenic (As), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), and polychlorinated dibenzodioxins/dibenzofurans (PCDD/F) totals and toxic equivalents (TEQs). The partitioning of As, Cr, and Cu between the emitted fly ash and residual ash is examined and thermochemical predictions from the literature are used to explain the observed behavior. Results indicate a unimodal fly ash PSD between 0.1 and 1.0 microm diameter. In addition to a large carbonaceous component, between 11 and 14% of the As present in the burned CCA treated wood was emitted with the air emissions, with the remainder present in the residual ash. In contrast, less than 1% of both the Cr and Cu present in the wood was emitted with the air emissions. PCDD/F levels were unremarkable, averaging 1.7 ng TEQ/kg of treated wood burned, a value typical for wood combustion. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was unable to resolve inorganic particles consisting of Cu, Cr, or As in the wood samples, but X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) spectroscopy confirmed that the oxidation states of the CCA elements in the wood were Cu2+, Cr3+, and As5+. SEM examination of the fly ash samples revealed some inorganic microcrystals within the mostly carbonaceous fly ash, while XAFS spectroscopy of the same samples showed that the oxidation states after combustion were mixed Cu+ and Cu2+, Cr3+, and mixed As3+ and As5+. Estimates of the ratios of the mixed oxidation states based on the XAFS spectra were As3+/(total As) = 0.8-0.9 and Cu+/(total Cu) = 0.65-0.7. The Cu and Cr present in the fly ash were determined to coexist predominantly in the two oxide phases CuCrO2 and CuCr2O4. These results indicate that the open burning of CCA-treated wood can lead to significant air emissions of the more toxic trivalent form of As in particle sizes that are most respirable. 相似文献
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为使国内研发人员准确把握国内外细支卷烟的研究现状,从细支卷烟发展的总体态势、燃吸机理、烟气的形成与传递及安全性评估等方面对细支卷烟进行了综述,并对国内烟草行业未来的细支卷烟研究方向进行了展望。结果表明:与常规卷烟相比,细支卷烟更能给人以愉悦和低风险的感知。国外烟草行业在烟支物理指标、燃吸机理、烟气成分形成与传递以及安全性评估等基础研究方面进行了大量研究,研究也较为深入。国内的相关研究起步较晚,但发展较快,主要涉及制丝、烟用材料、烟气成分以及卷烟设计等方面,研究的深度有待进一步加强。此外,国内烟草行业在燃吸机理及安全性评估方面的研究有所欠缺。 相似文献
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