羟丙基糯玉米淀粉合成工艺及性能研究

本文以糯玉米淀粉为原料，以环氧丙烷为醚化剂、氢氧化钠为催化剂、硫酸钠为抑制膨胀剂，对糯玉米羟丙基淀粉合成工艺及其性能进行了研究，探讨了糯玉米淀粉乳浓度、环氧丙烷用量、反应时间、反应温度、氢氧化钠用量及硫酸钠用量对糯玉米羟丙基淀粉取代度和反应效率的影响。实验结果表明，增加环氧丙烷用量、延长反应时间，可使羟丙基淀粉取代度增加。对糯玉米羟丙基淀粉的冻融稳定性、透明度及粘度进行研究表明，随着羟丙基糯玉米淀粉取代度的增加，其冻融稳定性和透明度增加，但粘度却降低。     

羟丙基糯玉米淀粉POCl3 交联复合变性条件的研究

经羟丙基化和POCl3交联复合变性的糯玉米淀粉在国外已广泛的应用于多种食品体系，国内还未见有同类产品上市。本文以自制的羟丙基糯玉米淀粉为起始原料，对其进行POCl3交联复合变性，确定了最佳反应条件：POCl3用量为0．018％、反应pH值11．6、NaCl用量为1．2％、反应时间40min。     

羟丙基糯玉米淀粉的制备及其性质的研究

以糯玉米淀粉为原料,环氧丙烷为醚化剂,在碱性条件下对羟丙基淀粉的制备工艺及其性质进行了研究.考察了醚化剂、膨胀抑制剂、pH、反应温度、反应时间对羟丙基淀粉取代度和反应效率的影响.实验结果表明,随着pH的增大,羟丙基淀粉的取代度和反应效率都增大;提高反应温度,羟丙基淀粉的取代度和反应效率都增加;增加环氧丙烷的用量,羟丙基淀粉的取代度随之增加,但反应效率呈下降的趋势;延长反应时间,淀粉的取代度和反应效率都呈上升趋势;增加硫酸钠的用量,羟丙基淀粉的取代度和反应效率都先增大,当硫酸钠用量超过12g时,随着硫酸钠用量的增加取代度和反应效率都降低.并且确定出最佳的反应条件:淀粉用量为100g时,pH为11.5,膨胀抑制剂12g,环氧丙烷10mL,反应温度50℃,反应时间20h.随着羟丙基糯玉米淀粉取代度的增加,其冻融稳定性、透明度、耐酸性、黏度热稳定性都增加.     

羟丙基糯玉米淀粉的制备及其性质的研究

以糯玉米淀粉为原料,环氧丙烷为醚化剂,在碱性条件下对羟丙基淀粉的制备工艺及其性质进行了研究。通过单因素实验考察了醚化剂、膨胀抑制剂、pH值、反应温度、反应时间对羟丙基淀粉取代度和反应效率的影响。实验结果表明,淀粉用量为100 g时,最佳反应条件为:pH11.5,硫酸钠12 g,环氧丙烷12 g,反应温度50℃,反应时间20 h。随着羟丙基糯玉米淀粉取代度的增加,其冻融稳定性、透明度、耐酸性和热稳定性都增强。     

冻融稳定型羟丙基糯玉米淀粉的制备及特性研究

以糯玉米淀粉为原料,制备冻融稳定型羟丙基淀粉.并对淀粉乳浓度、环氧丙烷浓度、反应温度、反应时间、氢氧化钠浓度、硫酸钠浓度对羟丙基淀粉的冻融稳定性和分子取代度的影响进行了研究.确定制备冻融稳定型羟丙基淀粉的最佳工艺参数为:淀粉乳浓度40%,环氧丙烷浓度12%,反应温度50℃,反应时间25h,氢氧化钠浓度1.3%,硫酸钠浓度14%.同时对羟丙基糯玉米淀粉的透明度和抗老化特性进行了研究.随淀粉冻融稳定效果的增加,其淀粉的透明度和抗老化性均增加.     

高取代度阳离子糯玉米淀粉的制备及脱色性能研究

本文以糯玉米淀粉为原料,乙醇水溶液为溶剂,3-氯-2-羟丙基三甲基氯化铵为阳离子醚化剂,氢氧化钠为催化剂,对高取代阳离子糯玉米淀粉的制备工艺及脱色性能进行了研究。考察了醚化剂用量、pH值、乙醇用量、反应温度、反应时间对阳离子糯玉米淀粉取代度和反应效率的影响。结果表明：醚化剂用量、pH值、乙醇用量、反应温度、反应时间对糯玉米淀粉的阳离子化反应均有影响。阳离子糯玉米淀粉的较佳制备条件为：醚化剂与糯玉米淀粉（干基）摩尔比0.5,pH值10.5,乙醇与糯玉米淀粉（干基）摩尔比4.0,反应温度50℃,反应时间12h。对阳离子糯玉米淀粉脱色性能研究结果表明：阳离子糯玉米淀粉对甲基橙有优异的脱色效果。当其投加量为140mg/L时,对质量浓度为50mg/L甲基橙脱色率可达73%。     

冻融稳定型羟丙基—磷酸单酯糯玉米淀粉的制备工艺研究

以糯玉米淀粉为原料,制备冻融稳定型羟丙基-磷酸单酯复合变性淀粉,并对磷酸盐浓度、羟丙基取代度、反应温度、反应时间、pH、尿素浓度、磷酸盐配比对羟丙基-磷酸糯玉米淀粉的冻融稳定性和磷酸分子取代度的影响进行了研究.通过单因素和正交实验,确定制备冻融稳定型羟丙基-磷酸单酯糯玉米淀粉的最佳工艺条件为:磷酸盐浓度30%、羟丙基取代度0.12、反应温度140℃、反应时间120min、pH5.5、尿素浓度4%、磷酸盐配比3:1.     

冻融稳定型乙酰化羟丙基糯玉米淀粉的制备工艺研究

以糯玉米淀粉为主要原料,析水率为主要评价指标,乙酰基取代度为辅助评价指标,制备冻融稳定型乙酰化羟丙基复合糯玉米淀粉。通过单因素试验讨论羟丙基取代度、醋酸酐添加量、羟丙基淀粉乳浓度、反应时间、反应温度、pH 值6 个因素对两个评价指标的影响,通过正交试验确定最佳制备工艺。结果表明：最佳制备工艺条件为羟丙基淀粉乳浓度35%,反应时间1.5 h,反应温度30 ℃,pH9.0。此条件下,乙酰化羟丙基淀粉的析水率最低15.10%,同时乙酰基取代度最高为0.063。     

HM－Ⅰ型阳离子淀粉的合成与结构表征

在催化剂存在下，以３－氯－２－羟丙基三乙基氯化胺为醚化剂，采用无盐湿法新工艺合成了ＨＭ－Ⅰ型阳离子淀粉。正交试验结果表明，在温度为９５℃，醚化剂用量为８％。介质ｐＨ值为１１－１１．５条件下，合成的阳离子淀粉取代度较高。通过红外光谱和核磁共振谱对阳离子淀粉进行了结构表征。     

木薯羟丙基淀粉制备工艺的研究

以木薯淀粉为原料,环氧丙烷为醚化剂,硫酸钠为淀粉膨胀抑制剂,采用湿法工艺制备木薯羟丙基淀粉,以产品摩尔取代度(MS)为评价指标,通过单因素试验分别探讨了环氧丙烷用量、硫酸钠用量、反应pH值、反应温度、反应时间等对羟丙基醚化反应的影响,在此基础上应用正交试验确定了木薯羟丙基淀粉制备的最佳工艺条件。试验结果显示:(1)随环氧丙烷用量的增大,取代度逐渐升高,反应效率逐渐降低;(2)适当提高反应pH和反应温度有利于取代度的提高,但反应pH值超过11.5和反应温度超过45℃,会导致淀粉的局部糊化,不利于醚化反应的进程。制备木薯羟丙基淀粉的最佳工艺条件为:淀粉乳浓度40%,环氧丙烷添加量10%(对干基),硫酸钠添加量12%(对干基),反应pH值11.5,反应温度40℃,反应时间22 h。所得木薯羟丙基淀粉的取代度为0.143。     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

The Ministry of Environmental Protection Issued "Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Control in Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry (Trial)" and Two Other Guiding Technical Documents

On December 27t＂, 2013, the Ministry of Environmenta Protection announced that, in order to implement ＂The Environmental Protection Law of the People＇ s Republic of China＂, improve the working system in environmenta protection technologies, and promote technologica advancement in pollution prevention, the Ministry of Environmental Protection sponsored the formulation of three guiding technical documents including ＂Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Contro n Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry （Trial）＂     

1~(st) Intelli-Tissue~ EcoEc Tissue Machine Supplied by PMP Group Successfully Put into Operation in China

正On April 29th,2014,Intelli-Tissue EcoEc tissue machine supplied by PMP Group successfully put into operation at Hebei Xuesong Paper Co.,Ltd.,this is the first such kind of paper machine of PMP Group in China.