卷烟材料多因素对卷烟通风率及过滤效率的影响

为探讨卷烟纸、成型纸、接装纸及滤嘴组合搭配对纸通风率、滤嘴通风率、总通风率及卷烟过滤效率的影响规律,采用L27(313)裂区正交设计方法进行在线试验和取样.检测结果经过直观分析、方差分析及贡献率分析,结果表明:滤嘴长度、吸阻及接装纸透气度是影响试验指标的显著因素和重要因素;滤嘴长度为27 mm,吸阻为794 Pa卷烟的纸通风率及总通风率最大;滤嘴长度或吸阻越大,卷烟的滤嘴通风率及过滤效率也越大;接装纸透气度越大,滤嘴通风率、总通风率及过滤效率也越大,而纸通风率则越小.     

长大铁路隧道通风控制技术

文章结合西坡隧道,从通风量计算、风管选型、通风及安装、管路维修及保养等方面详细阐述了长大隧道通风控制技术,实践证明该通风系统的配置是合理的,可供同类工程参考。     

用于处理仓房底层粮食的局部横向通风方法

主要介绍局部横向通风原理、通风操作、应用效果及注意事项,适用于平底仓底部两组风道间局部粮温高的降温通风与均温通风,具有操作简便、处理简单、费用低、通风效果好的特点。     

东北地区储粮机械通风操作管理

对机械通风在东北地区稻谷、小麦、玉米主要粮食品种十年来的应用经验进行总结.优化了仓储粮堆机械通风技术参数,保障了储粮的数量及品质安全,对防止无效通风、有害通风、促进机械通风技术的发展有益.     

征集第四次全国粮食系统气力输送学术讨论会论文

<正> 一、论文的主要内容和范围 1.我国气力输送及通风除尘(包括噪声控制)技术现状的评价与分析;2.关于如何进一步发展我国通风除尘及气力输送技术的探索或建议;3.通风除尘及气力输送技术理论研究的新进展及现代设计方法在通风除尘、气力输送中的应用;4.应用现代通风除尘及气力输送技术的经济效益、环境效益和社会效益的分析。5.新产品、新结构、新工艺系统方面的研究成果。6.测试仪器仪表、微电子及自动     

储粮机械通风系统设计及使用时的注意点

粮库首先从风道的选用、布置、通风口结构及安装等方面入手,选用一套结构完善、布置合理的机械通风系统;其次在通风管理上下功夫,注意通风方式选用、降温目标温度确定、保水通风措施、把握通风时机、预防粮层结露等应用点,在促进储粮稳定性和提高粮库经济效益中发挥通风技术的作用。     

材料多因素对30mm滤嘴长卷烟通风率的影响

采用正交试验设计法研究卷烟纸、成型纸、接装纸及嘴棒组合搭配对30 mm滤嘴长卷烟的纸通风率、滤嘴通风率以及总通风率的影响.结果表明:接装纸透气度及卷烟纸透气度是影响卷烟通风率的显著因素和重要因素,对其进行调整和控制,可以很好地实现对30 mm滤嘴长卷烟产品通风率的控制.     

对当前开展机械通风低温储粮的几点看法

机械通风低温储粮是被实践检验证明了的一种“安全、经济、有效”的储藏新技术。我国机械通风低温储粮近年来发展比较迅速,形式也多种多样。目前,我国机械通风系统的类型主要有,单管通风、多管通风、地槽通风、地上笼通风、存气箱通风等;选用的通风机械主要有:单管风机、离心式风机和单相、三相排风扇等,通风的方式有吸出和压入式二种。机械通风解决了当前粮食在储存过程中的许多实际问题,对提高粮食储藏稳定性,延缓粮食陈化、抑制虫霉生长繁殖及危害,减轻保防人员劳动强度等方面取到了积板     

浅圆仓通风及环流系统的布置与应用

主要介绍了现有浅圆仓通风系统的组成、风道形式、环流管布置,以及单位通风量和风机的选用等内容,以及通风及环流系统在浅圆仓储粮中的应用,并提出了通风系统设计及使用时的注意事项,为从事浅圆仓安全储粮管理人员提供参考。     

机械通风储粮技术的新进展

介绍了目前世界各地运用机械通风储粮技术控制虫、霉，保持粮食品质的做法及通风系统计算机控制与新的太阳能通风冷却系统的情况。     

Relation between fabric porosity and vacuum extraction efficiency: Energy issues

Vacuum extraction is a technique that removes the unbound water from the fabrics by the help of air flow through the fabrics at high velocities. Air flow through textile fabrics is mainly affected by the fabric structure such as tightness, porosity and air permeability. This paper outlines the effects of the fabric structure on the vacuum drying efficiency. Thirty woven fabrics with different porosities were dried by vacuum extraction method, and it was found that the lower the porosity or the lower the air permeability, the higher the water removal effects and energy requirement.     

Characterization and CFD modelling of air temperature and velocity profiles in an industrial biscuit baking tunnel oven

The industrial baking of cereal products is commonly performed in tunnel ovens, which give operators high flexibility for adjusting baking conditions to optimum values. This paper discusses the application of a CFD approach to predict the air temperature and velocity profiles inside the baking chamber of an industrial indirect gas-fired tunnel oven used for biscuit baking. We used two three-dimensional CFD models (one not covering the conveying band of biscuits and the other including it) to describe the complex air circulation resulting from the mechanisms of air input and exit at the ends of the oven and of air extraction through the different extraction points located along the oven length. Comparison of numerical results with experimental measurements shows a fairly close agreement in the qualitative prediction and a few inaccuracies in the quantitative prediction of the air temperature profiles within the baking chamber. Furthermore, the comparison also reveals great differences in the air velocity profiles.     

国内外纺织空调除尘技术的回顾与展望

回顾了近年来国内外纺织空调除尘的技术状况,展望了21世纪纺织空调除尘技术的发展趋势,提出了我国今后在纺织空调除尘技术发展中应注意结合国情,围绕“环保”与“节能”两大主题,并借鉴其他行业和学科的各种经验。     

响应面优化仙草微波间歇-热风联合干燥工艺及其对仙草凝胶品质的影响

以仙草为研究对象,采用微波间歇-热风联合干燥方式,探讨微波功率、微波间歇时间、联合干燥转换点含水率及热风干燥温度对仙草多糖提取率的影响,采用Box-Behnken进行优化,并比较不同干燥方式处理仙草对其多糖提取率及凝胶品质的影响。结果表明,通过响应面优化试验获得最优工艺为微波功率为403 W,微波间歇时间为60 s,转换点含水率为42%,热风干燥温度为74 ℃,此条件下仙草多糖提取率为13.60%。微波间歇-热风联合干燥仙草的多糖提取率高于热泵干燥仙草的多糖提取率（12.36%）和晾晒干燥仙草的多糖提取率（12.78%）,干燥时间仅是后两种干燥方式的1.44%～16.67%,所制作的凝胶样品硬度（516.60±8.54）g、弹性为（0.83±0.01）和回复性(0.33±0.01)均较为适中,凝胶体内聚性（0.48±0.01）稍小,胶粘性（359.68±11.56）g和咀嚼性（285.54±13.21）g较高,凝胶样品质构特性和感官评分较优。综合比较,微波间歇-热风联合干燥更适合于仙草干燥。     

An integrated process for utilization of pomegranate wastes — Seeds

In this work, a new method for pomegranate seeds application was developed based on the ultrasound-assisted extraction of seed oil and its subsequent encapsulation by spray drying. Extraction temperature, solvent/solid ratio, amplitude level, and pulse duration/pulse interval ratio were the factors investigated with respect to extraction yield. Ultrasound was sound to increase extraction yield, but mainly to shorten the treatment time by over 12 times. Different materials were used as encapsulating agents. Ratio of core to wall material, inlet air temperature, drying air flow rate, and feed solids concentration were the factors investigated with respect to encapsulation efficiency. The resulting microcapsules were evaluated in terms of moisture content, bulk density, and rehydration ability. The optimum operating conditions were found to be: wall material, maltodextrin/Tween 80; ratio of core to wall material, 0.23; inlet air temperature, 150 °C; drying air flow rate, 22.8 m³/h; feed solids concentration, 30% (w/w).Industrial relevancePomegranate seeds, a by-product of pomegranate juice and concentrate industries, present a wide range of pharmaceutical and nutraceutical properties. Therefore, the seeds could have more beneficial applications in food industries instead of being used as animal feed or in commercial cosmetic products. In this work, a new method for pomegranate seeds application was developed based on the ultrasound-assisted extraction of seed oil and its subsequent encapsulation by spray drying.     

超临界CO2提取细叶韭花香精油的工艺研究

以细叶韭花为原料,研究超临界CO2流体提取其油的最佳工艺条件。采用单因素实验和正交实验,并以细叶韭花香精油的重量为衡量指标,探讨萃取压力、萃取温度、萃取时间、原料颗粒度、原料含水率等因素对提取细叶韭花香精油重量的影响。结果确定了最佳的提取条件:自然干燥的细叶韭花过20目筛,萃取压力15MPa,萃取温度45℃,萃取时间2.5h。在最佳提取条件下,每100g细叶韭花所得的细叶韭花香精油的质量为3.73g。     

负压抽气法测定卷烟小盒密封度

为了准确测定卷烟小盒的密封度,研究了一种负压抽气法测定卷烟小盒密封度的方法,确定了关键检测参数,并对该方法进行了评价,利用该方法对国内主要品牌(规格)卷烟进行了密封度测试分析。结果表明:①负压抽气法测定卷烟小盒密封度适宜的检测条件为:抽气流量为200 mL/min,打孔方式为刺穿包装纸,打孔深度>烟盒厚度的1/2;②该方法测定结果变异系数在1%以内,具有较好的重复性;③硬盒包装小盒密封度平均水平(-3.508 kPa)好于软盒包装平均水平(-1.138kPa),且不同品牌(规格)软盒和硬盒之间密封度均存在较大差异。硬盒密封度好于平均水平的比例为60%,而软盒密封度好于平均水平的比例仅为33.33%。      

Kinetics of the Water/Air Phase Transition of Radon and Its Implication on Detection of Radon-in-Water Concentrations: Practical Assessment of Different On-Site Radon Extraction Methods

The on-site measurement of radon-in-water concentrations relies on extraction of radon from the water followed by its detection by means of a mobile radon-in-air monitor. Many applications of radon as a naturally occurring aquatic tracer require the collection of continuous radon concentration time series, thus necessitating the continuous extraction of radon either from a permanent water stream supplied by a water pump or directly from a water body or a groundwater monitoring well. Essentially, three different types of extraction units are available for this purpose: (i) a flow-through spray chamber, (ii) a flow-through membrane extraction module, and (iii) a submersible (usually coiled) membrane tube. In this paper we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of these three methodical approaches with particular focus on their individual response to instantaneously changing radon-in-water concentrations. After a concise introduction into theoretical aspects of water/air phase transition kinetics of radon, experimental results for the three types of extraction units are presented. Quantitative suggestions for optimizing the detection setup by increasing the water/air interface and by reducing the air volume circulating through the degassing unit and radon detector are made. It was shown that the flow-through spray chamber and flow-through membrane perform nearly similarly, whereas the submersible membrane tubing has a significantly larger delay in response to concentration changes. The flow-through spray chamber is most suitable in turbid waters and to applications where high flow rates of the water pump stream can be achieved (e.g., where the power supply is not constrained by field conditions). The flow-through membrane is most suited to radon extraction from clear water and in field conditions where the power supply to a water pump is limited, e.g., from batteries. Finally, the submersible membrane tube is most suitable if radon is to be extracted in situ without any water pumping, e.g., in groundwater wells with a low yield, or in long-term time series, in which short-term variations in the radon concentration are of no relevance.     

地下车库的通风排烟问题

探讨一些地下车库排烟设计方法。并着重说明了设计数据方面的两项重要变化。同时探讨了地下车库排烟系统与排风系统完全合一的可能性。     

江蓠琼胶提胶新工艺的研究

对空气压力法提取琼胶新工艺进行了优化探讨，研究结果表明，在空气压力为0．8MPa，提胶温度为100℃，加水量为江蓠藻重的40信时，提取45min可达到最佳提取效果。以阳江细基江蓠为原料，出胶率为32．1％，与蒸汽压力提胶法出胶率相近（32．0％），比常压提胶法提高21.6％；空气压力提胶法对琼胶凝胶强度破坏少，达到860g／cm2，和常压提胶法相近（8509／cm2），比蒸汽压力提胶法所得琼胶凝胶强度高19．4％。因此，空气压力提胶法兼备常压提胶法、蒸汽压力提胶法的优点，克服了后两种提胶法的缺点。此外，还结合3种提胶方法对江蓠藻体微观结构破坏情况，以及对空气压力提胶法能加速胶质溶出、提高出胶率的原因进行了较深入的研究。