豆渣水不溶性膳食纤维提取工艺研究

本文以豆渣为原料,研究了酸碱处理法提取水不溶性膳食纤维的最佳提取工艺条件.研究结果表明,制取水不溶性豆渣膳食纤维的最佳酸碱处理条件为,碱用量5 mL/g,碱处理温度40 ℃,碱处理时间80min;酸用量4 mL/g,酸处理时间80min.产品中膳食纤维含量达78.3%.     

茭白壳中不溶性膳食纤维提取及漂白工艺研究

以茭白壳为原料,采用化学方法研究了膳食纤维的制备工艺.采用正交实验分别对不溶性膳食纤维的提取及脱色工艺进行了研究.试验结果表明,在最佳工艺条件下,茭白壳不溶性膳食纤维的百分含量为90.04%,膨胀力为5.0 mL/g,持水力为8.401 g/g,且色泽较好.     

酶法提取薇菜不溶性膳食纤维工艺研究

采用四级薇菜干磨成粉为原料,研究酶法提取薇菜中不溶性膳食纤维的工艺优化,为合理利用薇菜资源提供参考依据。采用α-淀粉酶酶解薇菜干粉末,以薇菜不溶性膳食纤维提取率为评价指标,进行单因素试验及正交试验,得出薇菜不溶性膳食纤维的最佳工艺条件。结果表明,酶法提取薇菜不溶性膳食纤维的最佳提取条件为料液比1︰20 g/m L、柠檬酸缓冲溶液p H 5.8、α-淀粉酶浓度1.0%、酶解温度30℃、酶解时间4.5 h,在最优条件下薇菜不溶性膳食纤维提取率为74.28%。其持水力在8,12和24 h时分别为3.47,3.87和4.32 g/g;结合水力在2,4和6 h时分别为0.70,0.80和0.84 g。通过单因素正交试验,确定了影响酶法提取薇菜不溶性膳食纤维的主要因素,得出了提取薇菜不溶性膳食纤维的最佳工艺条件,最佳工艺条件下制备的薇菜不溶性膳食纤维的持水力和结合水力性能较好,并且可以为科研上的研究提供基础条件,以及为以后的工业生产提供理论基础。     

超声辅助-酶解协同作用提取红枣渣膳食纤维及其促消化作用

以新疆骏枣去多糖后枣渣为原料,利用超声-酶解协同作用提取红枣渣不溶性膳食纤维,并采用单因素与响应面分析法对红枣渣不溶性膳食纤维的提取工艺进行优化。进一步以提取的红枣渣膳食纤维为基料,制备高膳食纤维食用粉,考察其促消化作用。结果表明:超声-酶法协同作用提取红枣渣膳食纤维的最佳工艺条件为:加酶量1.5%,料液比1:10 g/mL,超声时间35 min,超声温度70 ℃,在此最优条件下红枣渣膳食纤维提取率可达69.31%±0.91%。红枣渣膳食纤维中总膳食纤维含量在26.5%左右,其中不溶性膳食纤维含量高达21.7%,可溶性膳食纤维含量为4.8%;红枣渣膳食纤维食用粉中剂量(2.7 g/kg)组和高剂量(5.3 g/kg)组给药对小鼠有促进消化和排便的作用。     

茭白壳膳食纤维提取工艺及性能的研究

以芟白壳为原料,采用化学法制备可溶性膳食纤维和不溶性膳食纤维.正交实验结果表明,可溶性膳食纤维提取的最佳工艺条件为:pH2.0、温度80℃、时间90min.不溶性膳食纤维提取的最佳工艺条件为:碱解时NaOH浓度1.0mol/L、料液比1:20(g/mL)、温度60℃、时间60min;酸解时pH3.0、温度60℃、时间120min,其溶胀性为4.34mL/g,持水力为8.11g/g.     

荞麦皮粉中膳食纤维的制备工艺研究

以荞麦皮粉为原料,采用碱法提取膳食纤维,通过单因素及正交试验得出最佳提取工艺条件,并对所得膳食纤维进行性质测定。结果表明,最佳提取工艺条件为:碱解温度80℃,氢氧化钠质量分数1.0%,料液比1:16(g/mL),碱解时间80min。在此条件下膳食纤维得率为20.39%,水不溶性膳食纤维持水力为5.97 g/g,膨胀力为7.4 mL/g,水溶性膳食纤维溶解率为96%。     

浒苔膳食纤维提取及其功能性初步研究

实验以浒苔碱不溶性膳食纤维提取率、膳食纤维颜色为指标,通过正交实验确定了碱不溶性膳食纤维的适宜提取和漂白工艺条件,并初步测定了碱不溶性膳食纤维的功能特性。结果表明:碱不溶性膳食纤维提取的工艺参数为NaOH浓度1 g/L、碱煮时间60 min、HCl浓度1 g/L、酸煮时间60 min,所得膳食纤维提取率为21.97%,颜色是浅绿色。碱不溶性膳食纤维漂白的工艺参数为次氯酸钠溶液浓度0.7 g/L、料液比1∶60(g∶mL)、pH值5、漂白时间45 min,所得膳食纤维产率为16.88%,颜色是类白色;碱不溶性膳食纤维干基含量达70.49%,膨胀力为22.09 mL/g,持水力为510.58%。     

双酶改性制备玉米皮水溶性膳食纤维的工艺研究

以玉米皮超声提取天然水溶性膳食纤维后的副产物——不溶性玉米皮渣为试材,应用木聚糖酶和纤维素酶组合酶解制备水溶性膳食纤维,采用单因素和正交试验组合研究确立一套由水不溶性膳食纤维改性制备水溶性膳食纤维制备工艺。结果表明,最佳工艺参数为纤维素酶添加量40mg/g 底物、木聚糖酶添加量40mg/g 底物、料液比1:14(g/ml)、酶解时间90min,水溶性膳食纤维得率为5.96%。     

酱油渣水不溶性膳食纤维提取工艺研究

以酱油厂生产酱油废渣为原料,研究采用碱处理法从酱油渣中提取水不溶性膳食纤维最佳工艺条件。结果表明,各因素对提取膳食纤维影响顺序为:碱浓度、提取温度、提取时间、料液比;最佳提取条件组合是碱浓度4%、提取温度60℃、提取时间60min、料液比16ml/g;在此工艺条件下,水不溶性膳食纤维提取率达32.37%,得到水不溶性膳食纤维持水力为5.65g/g,溶胀度为4.08ml/g。     

金盏花渣不溶性膳食纤维的提取

以富舍不溶性膳食纤维的金盏花渣为原料,通过单因素实验和正交实验研究了化学法从金盏花渣中提取不溶性膳食纤维的工艺条件,测定了不溶性膳食纤维的性能.实验结果表明,提取金盏花渣不溶性膳食纤维的最佳工艺条件为碱液浓度1.3mol·L-1,料液比1:13(g/mL),提取时间110min,提取温度40℃.在此条件下不溶性膳食纤维的提取率为60.75%,颜色为近白色,纯度为40.59%,持水力为10.8g/g,溶胀性为12.68mL/g.     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

The Ministry of Environmental Protection Issued "Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Control in Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry (Trial)" and Two Other Guiding Technical Documents

On December 27t＂, 2013, the Ministry of Environmenta Protection announced that, in order to implement ＂The Environmental Protection Law of the People＇ s Republic of China＂, improve the working system in environmenta protection technologies, and promote technologica advancement in pollution prevention, the Ministry of Environmental Protection sponsored the formulation of three guiding technical documents including ＂Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Contro n Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry （Trial）＂     

1~(st) Intelli-Tissue~ EcoEc Tissue Machine Supplied by PMP Group Successfully Put into Operation in China

正On April 29th,2014,Intelli-Tissue EcoEc tissue machine supplied by PMP Group successfully put into operation at Hebei Xuesong Paper Co.,Ltd.,this is the first such kind of paper machine of PMP Group in China.