太谷壶瓶枣酒生产工艺的研究

以山西太谷壶瓶枣为原料,通过单因素和正交试验,研究了红枣汁浸提以及红枣酒发酵的最佳方式及工艺参数。结果表明,热水浸提(加水量4倍,浸提温度90℃,浸提时间100 min)与果胶酶酶解浸提(果胶酶添加量0.1%,酶解温度50℃,酶解时间3 h)结合浸提效果最佳;红枣酒发酵的最佳工艺条件为:发酵温度20℃,酵母接种量0.4%,发酵时间7 d。     

复合型桂花红枣酒生产工艺的研究

以鲜桂花、干红枣为原料,研究桂花、红枣的浸提工艺条件,根据单因素及正交试验结果,桂花汁最佳浸提条件为果胶酶添加量为0.1%,温度50℃,p H4.5,浸提时间120 min;红枣汁最佳浸提条件为果胶酶添加量为0.25%,温度55℃,p H3.5,浸提时间3 h。在此基础上,以桂花汁、红枣汁配比进行发酵试验,当桂花汁与红枣汁以1∶8(体积比)混合发酵时,制得的桂花红枣酒颜色红亮,花香、枣香、醇香协调柔和,滋味醇厚,酒体丰满,口感怡悦,风格独特。     

保健型枸杞红枣醋饮的研制

研究了保健型枸杞红枣醋饮的制作工艺。对酒精发酵阶段和醋酸发酵阶段工艺参数进行优化。酒精发酵阶段最佳因素组合为:初始糖含量15%,利用AC酵母发酵,发酵温度26℃;醋酸发酵阶段最佳工艺组合为初始酒度7%,接种量为0.6%,发酵温度32℃,摇床转速为150r/min;采用壳聚糖对果醋的澄清效果较理想,最佳使用量为0.1%;发酵醪中枣汁含量35%,低聚木糖的添加量为1.0g/L,蜂蜜添加量为0.6%时果醋的感官质量最佳。     

女士酒的开发研制

利用枸杞、红枣复合,酿制酒度低,果香浓郁,润肤,抗疲劳预防衰老的女士酒.研究其制作工艺,对枣汁的提取和发酵阶段的工艺参数进行优化.通过实验得出:枣汁的最佳提取条件为料水比1:6,浸提时间6h,浸提温度在75℃时Vc含量最高.发酵阶段酵母添加量在0.4g/L,pH为4.0,发酵温度控制在20℃时,产品的感官品评达到最佳.     

新疆哈密红枣酒酿造工艺研究

以新疆特产哈密大枣为原料,研究枣酒发酵生产工艺。结果表明,红枣酒采用在含还原糖20% 的红枣清汁接种发酵的发酵工艺。在红枣发酵酒酵母种类选择研究中,对葡萄酒酵母干红B、葡萄酒酵母AL41、安琪葡萄酒高活性干酵母等酵母的发酵结果进行比较,结果表明：无论是对酒度的测定,还是通过对透光率的测定,均确定葡萄酒酵母AL41 为红枣发酵酒的最适酿酒酵母,最优发酵条件为SO2 添加量80mg/L、干酵母添加量0.3%、发酵温度25℃、发酵时间13d。发酵原酒经澄清过滤后得到酒精含量为10% (V/V)的红枣酒。     

干红枣酒酿造工艺研究

本项目以红枣为原料浸提果汁,采用正交试验方法,筛选出的干红枣酒生产的适宜工艺条件为控制枣汁中的二氧化硫浓度为100mg/L,接种0.02%的干酵母菌种,发酵温度为20℃.在此条件下即可酿造出澄清透明、酒精含量9%-12%(v/v)的枣酒.本产品用浸提果汁液态发酵而成,未经蒸馏,可有效地控制甲醇生成.     

红枣葡萄果酒酿造工艺研究

以红枣和葡萄为主要原料,对红枣汁和葡萄汁混合酿酒的发酵工艺进行研究和对比澄清剂澄清效果。通过单因素、正交试验确定出红枣葡萄果酒的最佳酿造工艺条件为:葡萄汁、红枣汁的比例为3∶1(体积比),酵母添加量为3.0%,发酵温度为24℃,并用明胶和皂土混合澄清剂进行澄清效果最佳,透光率达到99.7%。在该工艺条件下酿造的红枣葡萄果酒浓馥幽雅,酒体丰满,风格独特,是集营养和保健功能于一体的天然饮品。试验研究结果可为实际生产优质红枣葡萄果酒提供理论依据。     

枣蜜酒酿制工艺研究

研究了以无核干红枣为原料发酵生产枣酒的工艺条件。试验结果表明加水量为枣质量的6倍时,浸提水温80℃处理1 h,微波炉800 W功率热处理12 min可得优质红枣汁。红枣汁用白砂糖调整至可溶性固体物(SSC)为20%,灭菌后冷却加入NaHSO3 60 mg/L,接入体积分数为2.5%的酒精酵母菌液,28℃发酵4d,过滤澄清后加入蜂蜜调制,冷藏处理后可得风格独特的枣蜜酒。     

功能性红枣果酒发酵工艺优化

以新疆骏枣为主要原料,经不同的处理,比较所得发酵酒的各项指标,获得一种红枣果酒的酿造工艺。将经过一定处理红枣制备成发酵液,接种酿酒酵母和威克汉姆后在一定条件下发酵制成红枣果酒,通过优化发酵温度、初始pH、初始糖浓度,比较所得红枣酒的酒精度、总酸、残糖、白利度、黄酮含量和感官评价,获得一种品质较佳的保健红枣果酒发酵工艺。结果表明保健红枣果酒最适发酵工艺条件为经醋蒸打浆和超声波处理,枣浆初始pH为4,初始糖浓度为29%,在28℃条件下发酵7天所得红枣果酒的酒精度为12.8%vol,残糖含量为0.87g/100g,总酸含量为2.31g/L,且黄酮含量较高,为19.66mg/mL,品质较好。     

发酵型红枣蜂蜜酒的酿造工艺研究

以红枣和蜂蜜为原料,对红枣蜂蜜酒的最佳酿造工艺进行研究。结果表明,当枣水比为1∶ 5（g∶ mL）,热水浸提时间为1.5 h,热水浸提温度为85 ℃,微波浸提时间为10 min时,所制得的红枣汁糖度为11 °Bx,感官评分为93分,符合酿酒要求;蜂蜜直接加入枣汁中调配糖度,不影响蜂蜜酒的发酵和品质;当初始糖度为28%,发酵温度为25 ℃,酵母添加量为0.3%,pH值为4.0时,根据此工艺条件酿造的红枣蜂蜜酒,酒体协调、柔和,香味浓郁,酒精度为17.9%vol,感官评分为94分。     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

Focus on China's Paper Industry

In the English section of this issue, 〈China Paper Newsletters〉 will introduce ＂National Development and Reform Commission Issued Announcement for Selection of Major Preliminary Research Projects for the ＇13th Five-Year Plan＇＂, ＂2013 Annual Report of China＇s Paper Industry＂, and news of projects and other policies.     

Listen to downstream & search for innovation

正Nowadays,textile enterprises are all taking efforts in transformation and upgrading,like improving producing capacity and optimizing production structure to face market downturn.It claimed a higher request to the standard of textile equipments.In the upcoming of ITMA ASIA+CITME 2014exhibition,this magazine have interviewed several branch associations and a series of relative enterprises,to summarize industrial developing status