“北冰红”山葡萄新品种适宜砧木的筛选

北冰红枝条作接穗,左山一、双红、公酿一号和贝达葡萄枝条作砧木进行硬枝嫁接试验,筛选出北冰红适宜的砧木为贝达,其嫁接生根率平均76．1％,催根幼苗根系多,移栽苗圃地成活率高,出圃成苗率72．1％。北冰红与公酿一号、双红和左山一嫁接生根率平均37．8％、分别低于北冰红硬枝扦插和贝达嫁接41．5％和38．3％,公酿一号、双红和左山一的枝条不宜作北冰红硬枝嫁接的砧木。     

山葡萄新品种"左优红"成苗特性

“左优红”硬枝扦插(自根)生根率平均为90.1%,成苗率87.1%。“左优红”与“贝达”条和苗木硬枝嫁接生根率平均为95.4%。催根幼苗根系多,移栽苗圃地成活率高,出圃成苗率94.3%。“左优红”与“公酿1号”和“双红”条和苗木硬枝嫁接生根率平均52.3%,成苗率平均仅为46.7%,分别低于“左优红”硬枝扦插(自根)和与“贝达”条和苗木嫁接40.4%和47.6%。“双红”、“公酿1号”条和苗木不宜做“左优红”硬枝嫁接的砧木。     

通化葡萄产区主栽4个品种品质的比较

以吉林省通化葡萄产区主栽‘双红’、‘双优’、‘公酿1号’和‘北冰红’4个葡萄品种为研究对象,利用高效液相色谱仪和顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用仪等技术对4个葡萄品种的基本理化指标、总酚、总花色苷、色度、香气成分进行分析比较。结果表明,不同葡萄品种之间具有一定差异性。‘双红’和‘北冰红’的硬度较大,‘双优’和‘公酿1号’的单果质量和出汁率较好;‘双红’矿物质元素含量较丰富;4个葡萄品种有机酸种类和含量存在差异;‘公酿1号’的总酸含量、‘北冰红’的总糖含量和糖酸比、‘双红’的总酚和总花色苷含量均显著高于其他3个品种(P0.05);4个葡萄品种均呈紫红色,颜色最深为‘双红’;4个葡萄品种果实中共鉴定出7大类96种香气成分,以酯类为主,种类和相对含量最高为‘北冰红’。4个葡萄各具独特的口感和风味,可以利用其各自特点开发出具有地方特色的葡萄加工制品。     

‘贝达’砧木与9个酿酒葡萄接穗枝条解剖结构观察

为筛选出适宜在焉耆盆地产区种植的酿酒葡萄砧穗组合,以该产区‘贝达’为砧木,9种酿酒葡萄为接穗,观察测定砧木及接穗一年生枝的解剖结构,通过聚类分析法探讨‘贝达’枝条与9种酿酒葡萄接穗的嫁接亲和性。结果表明:‘贝达’枝条的木质部面积与‘北红’‘烟73’之间没有显著差异;‘贝达’枝条的韧皮部面积与‘赤霞珠’‘美乐’‘黑比诺’‘威代尔’‘烟73’之间无显著差异;‘贝达’枝条的髓射线条数与‘美乐’之间没有显著差异;‘贝达’枝条的髓部面积与‘美乐’‘北玫’‘北红’‘威代尔’之间无显著差异。根据聚类分析可知,‘威代尔’‘赤霞珠’‘美乐’与‘贝达’枝条解剖结构相似度较高。综合分析认为,在焉耆盆地产区‘威代尔’‘赤霞珠’‘美乐’适合与‘贝达’砧木嫁接栽培。     

山葡萄品种硬枝嫁接成苗率与嫁接树生产性能的研究

1996－2001年，采用“贝达”做砧木，山葡萄主栽品种做接穗，硬枝嫁接生根，成苗试验和进行嫁接苗生产建园的“嫁接树”生产性能对比观察试验，结果表明：双优，双红和双丰硬枝嫁接的成苗率比同品种（CK）分别提高65．95％、13．45％和20．75％，出圃嫁接苗木成熟节数多，根系大，树体成型快，早期丰产，双优。双红葡萄的嫁接苗生根率，成苗率和产量较高，酒质好，具有推广价值。     

天山北麓4个山葡萄品种枝条抗寒性综合评价

研究不同低温处理对山葡萄枝条抗寒生理指标的影响，探讨山葡萄抗寒性与质膜透性、渗透调节物质、过氧化物酶活性和萌芽率等指标的关系。以山-欧杂交种葡萄‘北冰红’等的一年生枝条为材料，分别在0、﹣10、﹣20、﹣30、﹣40℃的环境中处理24 h，调查不同低温条件下枝条的相对电导率、丙二醛（MDA）和游离脯氨酸（游离Pro）、可溶性糖含量和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性和萌芽率的变化。结果表明：‘左优红’和‘雪兰红’的电解质渗透率和MDA含量高于‘北冰红’和‘双红’，两指标以‘双红’最小；‘北冰红’和‘双红’的游离Pro相近，‘雪兰红’次之，‘左优红’最低；在本试验温度范围内，随温度降低SOD活性表现为先升后降，可溶性糖含量表现为持续上升，其中‘北冰红’SOD活性始终保持最高状态。主成分分析中提取出两个特征根>1的主成分，累计方差贡献率达95.072%。综合权衡各品种抗寒性生理指标，推测抗寒性排序为：双红>北冰红>雪兰红>左优红，该结果可为山葡萄在天山北麓生态区域推广提供参考。     

几种葡萄砧木生长特性及与"矢富罗莎"绿枝嫁接试验初报

根据12个砧木品种多年的生长表现,结合生根试验,从中筛选出表现优良的砧木品种,与鲜食葡萄品种矢富罗莎进行绿枝嫁接。结果表明:生长表现较好的7个葡萄砧木品种为Flourilush、101-14MG、3309P、贝达、SO4、520A、1103P,其中Flourilush、贝达和101-14MG与矢富罗莎的绿枝嫁接亲和性好于其它组合,嫁接后1年生枝条的生长量大,接穗与砧木粗度较一致。     

酿酒葡萄新品种北冰红引种试验

通过对酿酒葡萄新品种北冰红6年的栽培试验结果表明:该品种的农艺栽培性状和果实性状表现良好,病害发生轻,果实含糖量远远高于公酿一号,树上冰冻果实落粒少.用北冰红冰冻果实酿造的冰红葡萄酒,酒质好,具有冰葡萄酒的独特风格.     

寒地葡萄露地绿枝嫁接当年成苗技术

本文较详细报道寒地鲜食葡萄露地绿枝嫁接当年成苗技术。以京亚、京秀、寒香蜜等品种做接穗,嫁接于贝达砧木上。结果表明,绿枝劈接“砧穗”愈合早,亲和性好,6个品种嫁接成活率和成苗率均高于硬枝嫁接。但绿枝嫁接苗的根系条数、苗蔓生长节数、苗蔓成熟节数和苗蔓粗度则低于硬枝嫁接苗。     

山葡萄品种特性,评价及配套栽培技术

１９９０－１９９９年,对育成的左山一,左红一、左山二,双庆、双优、双丰和双红７个山葡萄品种试验观察表明Ｌ：山葡萄有较高萌芽率和结果枝率。产量高的品种是双亿和双红,最低的最双庆,果穗松散小青粒多的是左红一和左山一。穗、粒大的是左红一和双优,最小的最双庆。浆果含糖高、总酸低的是左红一和左山二。浆果出汁率高的是双优、左山二和左山同。酒质量最佳的是左山同、双红、双优和左红一、高抗霜霉颊的是左山一和双红、最     

In-use stocks of metals: status and implications

The continued increase in the use of metals over the 20th century has led to the phenomenon of a substantial shift in metal stocks from the lithosphere to the anthroposphere. Such a shift raises social, economic, and environmental issues that cannot be addressed without quantifying the amount of stock of "metal capital" utilized by society. Estimation of the in-use stock of metals has occurred for at least 70 years, with over 70% of the publications occurring after the year 2000. Despite the long history, this is the first critical review to consolidate current findings, critique methods, and discuss future avenues of research. Only aluminum, copper, iron, lead, and zinc have been studied to any extent Nonetheless, it is clear that for the more-developed countries, the typical per capita in-use metal stock is between 10 and 15 t (mostly iron). Comparison of the per capita stocks in more-developed countries with those in less-developed countries suggests that if the total world population were to enjoy the same per capita metal stock levels as the more-developed countries, using a similar suite of technologies, the amount of global in-use metal stocks required would be 3-9 times those existing at present.     

Patterns of iron use in societal evolution

A dynamic material flow model was used to analyze the patterns of iron stocks in use for six industrialized countries. The contemporary iron stock in the remaining countries was estimated assuming that they follow a similar pattern of iron stock per economic activity. Iron stocks have reached a plateau of about 8-12 tons per capita in the United States, France, and the United Kingdom, but not yet in Japan, Canada, and Australia. The global average iron stock was determined to be 2.7 tons per capita. An increase to a level of 10 tons over the next decades would deplete about the currently identified reserves. A subsequent saturation would open a long-term potential to dramatically shift resource use from primary to secondary sources. The observed saturation pattern implies that developing countries with rapidly growing stocks have a lower potential for recycling domestic scrap and hence for greenhouse gas emissions saving than industrialized countries, a fact that has not been addressed sufficiently in the climate change debate.     

MULTIPLE SIEVE SIFTER PERFORMANCE USING VARIOUS COMBINATIONS OF FEED RATES,CIRCLES AND SPEEDS1

Wheat was ground on a rollermill then sifted into several size classifications to determine how certain sifting characteristics changed when the material was subjected to changes in feed rate, sifter circle or throw and sifter speed. The travel speed of the stocks over the sieves decreased with a decrease in average particle size. Changes in the rate of feed to the sieves had no effect on the stock travel time. Travel speed was increased for all stocks when the linear cloth speed of the sieve was increased. Sifter efficiency, as defined by the percent of undersize material removed by each sieve in a series of sieves having the same cloth aperture, compared to the amount of undersize material going to the first sieve of the series was influenced by changes in feed rates and in sifter dynamics. Particle size analysis of individual sieve throughs showed that when the stocks were sifted on a series of sieves having the same aperture opening size, the finest material was sifted out on the first sieve with subsequent sieve throughs becoming progressively coarser.     

脱墨污泥配抄纸板的性能

本文将脱墨污泥与CTMP、OCC浆、混合办公废纸屑浆三类浆料,按不同比例进行配抄,考察了手抄纸板物理强度等特性的变化规律.结果表明在对脱墨污泥和3种纤维不做任何处理的情况下,从撕裂指数、耐破指数和抗张指数3种强度指标来看,脱墨污泥与OCC浆配抄优于与CTMP和混合办公废纸屑浆配抄.OCC浆和混合办公废纸屑浆的效果在紧度方面比较相近,可通过提高OCC浆的打浆度来改善紧度,而在挺度方面,以CTMP最佳.透气度和吸水性都反映了纸板的多孔性,均以CTMP的透气度和吸水性最大.但通过添加适量的防水剂可以使纸板的吸水值在要求的范围内.     

葡萄酒化学降酸方法的研究

研究了不同降酸剂及降酸方法对葡萄酒质量的影响。结果表明 ,碳酸钙降酸的成本最低 ,效果最好 ;复盐法降酸对 p H、颜色的改变均小于普通法 ;公酿一号酒形成复盐的 p H约为 4.3左右。     

简便的纸料电性分析方法

本文介绍了一种利用胶体滴定技术测试和研判纸料整体电性的简便分析方法.其关键技术在于反滴定法的灵活应用以及对滴定终点的明确指定.根据试验过程中标准溶液PVSK、DPPM的加入量和消耗量,可以分别计算出纸料的阳离子需求量、阴离子需求量及胶体滴定比CTR.根据CTR的值判断纸料的电性及其强弱.CTR值接近1,纸料的电性呈中性;CTR越大,纸料的阳离子性越强;CTR越小,纸料阴离子性越强.该方法有利于造纸系统的湿部过程检验和生产控制.     

淀粉胶粘剂接枝参数的影响因素及对其压缩剪切强度的影响

以过硫酸铵(简称APS)为引发剂,以醋酸乙烯酯为接枝单体,在水相介质中制备了蜡质玉米淀粉胶粘剂。研究了APS的添加量、接枝温度、pH、接枝共聚时间、单体滴加速度、单体与淀粉的质量比、糊化热处理程度等因素对接枝共聚反应的影响,并研究了接枝参数与胶粘剂压缩剪切强度之间的关系。结果表明:当APS的添加质量为淀粉干基质量的1.16%、接枝温度为70℃、接枝共聚时间为3.5 h、滴加速度为0.105 8 mL/(kg.s)、单体与淀粉的质量比6∶5、糊化条件85℃、30 min时,接枝百分率最高(50.83%);接枝百分率和支链相对分子质量均对淀粉胶粘剂的压缩剪切强度有一定的影响,且接枝百分率对蜡质玉米淀粉胶粘剂压缩剪切强度的影响比支链淀粉相对分子质量对蜡质玉米淀粉胶粘剂压缩剪切强度的影响大。