The days ahead

How are government controls affecting healthcare foodservices?Are growing elderly & outpatient populations changing foodservices' missions. What are the hottest trends? As members of the American Society for Hospital Food Service Administrators prepared for their annual meeting in Orlando, FM queried 11 Southeastern directors to learn their most pressing concerns & how they are positioning their departments for the future.     

“PLEASE PASS THE CHICKEN TITS”: RETHINKING MEN AND COOKING AT AN URBAN FIREHOUSE

Women, for centuries, have been the primary cooks and nurturers in most cultures. Men rarely represent family primary food providers. My interest in this study lies in what happens when men who are not food professionals develop into this role of primary cooks for a group of people; in this case, the men of an urban firehouse. Men in this scenario perform in roles typically ascribed to both men and women, and when a woman is involved, her presence is mitigated. I found that the men created a unique food system, and while each brought intact a value system and ethnic heritage to the table, these packages became negotiated, most powerfully in the kitchen and at meals. I was interested in how these men performed in roles that, in our mass consciousness and popular culture, we often ascribe to women. How do they shop, cook, and eat? How do they feel about what they are doing? How and why do they choose to cook? What issues do they face with regard to their identity as men, and how does this influence their food choices, cooking, and eating? Firehouse cooks perform domesticity by relying on multiple versions of masculinity at home and in the fire station.     

Polyphenol interactions. Anthocyanins: Co-pigmentation and colour changes in red wines

Anthocyanin co-pigmentation is reviewed and its relevance to the colour and appearance of young red wines is outlined. Reactions between flavan-3-ols, such as are present in red wines, and the anthocyanin malvin to give yellow-orange pigments (λ ? 440 nm) are reported. Possible structures for these new pigments are discussed as is their probable contribution to the changing hues of red wines as they age.     

空肠弯曲菌中规律成簇间隔短回文重复序列（CRISPR）的检测与结构分析

规律成簇间隔短回文重复序列（clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats,CRISPR）是近年在原核生物中发现的针对噬菌体等外源遗传物质的干扰而进化出的获得性和可遗传性生物免疫系统。因其序列的高度多态性及携带遗传信息的可追溯性,成为分子分型方法的理想位点。本研究对江苏地区分离的86?株空肠弯曲菌基因组进行CRISPR结构的检测和分析。结果表明：36%的菌株基因组含有CRISPR结构,32?株含有确定CRISPR结构的菌株均只含有1?个CRISPR结构,CRISPR序列长度范围为92～366?bp;重复序列与数据库中出现频率最高的重复序列一致;识别到的间隔序列共111?条,共分为17?种类型,有10?种类型的间隔序列与CRISPR?DB数据库中公布的一致,有7?种间隔序列为新报道的间隔序列,共55?条,占总间隔序列的49.5%。通过同源性比对发现,间隔序列除与来自同属同种的质粒或噬菌体具有同源性外,有些还与其他致病菌的质粒或噬菌体具有同源性,这种现象说明空肠弯曲菌与其他致病菌可能存在基因的水平转移等信息交流方式。另外,通过CRISPR结构间隔序列的多样性,可以将38?株空肠弯曲菌野生菌株分为5?种不同的谱型。研究结果为空肠弯曲菌利用CRISPR结构进行分型和溯源提供数据基础。     

Moderne Möbelbeschläge und ihre Montage

Zusammenfassung Moderne M?bel werden fast ausschlie?lich zerlegbar hergestellt. Die Verbindung der einzelnen Bauteile und eine sinnvolle Funktion der beweglichen Teile eines M?bels ist nur mit Hilfe von Beschl?gen, die diese Aufgabe erfüllen, m?glich. Beschl?ge werden heute aus Kunststoff, Metall oder aus beiden Werkstoffen kombiniert hergestellt. W?hrend um die Jahrhundertwende Beschl?ge noch handwerklich gefertigt wurden, entwickelte sich infolge Typisierung und Massenbedarf eine einschl?gige Industrie, welche die Hersteller von M?beln mit dem für die Serienfertigung erforderlichen Bedarf an Beschl?gen beliefert. An einzelnen Beispielen aus dem Angebot für funktionelle Beschl?ge wird ein Einblick in die derzeitige Technik und die konstruktiven Ma?nahmen für eine rationelle Montage der Beschl?ge vermittelt.

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Modern furniture fittings and their mounting

Summary Modern furniture can normally be taken to pieces. For the assembly of the parts and for the function of the moving parts metal fittings are used, nowadays partly made of plastics or of metal-plastic-combinations. Contrary to the former handmade fittings, they are now manufactured in large series by special industries which supply the furniture plants. The paper gives examples for certain types of fittings serving special purposes; they represent modern industrial standards and allow economic construction and mounting.

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Mitteilung aus dem Institut für Holzphysik und Mechanische Technologie des Holzes der Bundesforschungsanstalt für Forst- und Holzwirtschaft, Hamburg     

Diet and Health: Apple Polyphenols as Antioxidants

The traditional American rhyme says, “an apple a day keeps the doctor away.” What has made apples exceptional and appreciated for a million years? Besides their content of pectin, vitamins and minerals, they are considered to be a good source of antioxidants that scavenge and neutralize free radicals, which in turn play a role in the onset of cardiovascular diseases and cancers. Polyphenols are major antioxidants in apples, however, the antioxidants vary with the apple variety, and the post-harvest storage conditions. Further, the polyphenols are distributed differently throughout the fruit (skin or flesh). The paper reviews the present knowledge on apple polyphenols, their bioavailability and pro-health functionality.     

Towards a philosophy of reflective practice1

Reflective practice is more and more required from teachers as they become more professionalised. But, what is reflective practice? Is any practice legitimate as soon as it is called 'reflective'? We assume that teachers need to become conscious of themselves as social actors in a critical society and to acknowledge their work as typical human action framed by ethics. Reflection means thinking. Is everybody willing to think?     

'Luctor et Emergo'

IFSCC Magazine, 11 (2008) (1) 5–9 ‘Luctor et emergo’ means to struggle, fight or wrestle in order to come up, win or just emerge and survive. It was adopted as a national motto by the Zeeland region in Holland to underline their daily battle with high tides. Indeed, this Latin motto effectively illustrates the struggle to make things work, that is to overcome all difficulties and hurdles and make everything flow smoothly at the end. Therefore, it applies appropriately to our subheading: ‘all battles and bridges between the language of marketing and product formulation’. What are the main causes of misunderstanding or hindrances between marketing and the formulator? Could common objectives overcome such gaps? How can we establish bridges with a view to enhancing creative cooperation? Finally, would it be possible to find solutions which can provide a mutual cross‐fertilization? The following humorous example will make the problem clear. The scene is a kitchen where we see an old and ugly couple. The husband asks his wife, who is holding a tin can: »Would you like some tuna fish?« She answers: »No, I would like to be naked in bed with Kevin Costner in Jamaica«. This is obviously a dialogue of the deaf, where both speak only apparently the same language. In fact, they fail to convey what they really mean. This signifies that they are not on the same wavelength, they do not refer to the same code of speech to communicate and it seems impossible for them to understand each other. How can we make ourselves understood when communication is sometimes so difficult and work out appropriate solutions when we put R&D and Marketing at two poles of a communication scheme?     

中国纺织服装企业的“后奥运伐谋”

话题:奥运能否成为纺织服装企业回春的转机?奥运之年,中国经济由2001年北京申奥成功后的高歌猛进转为多变之秋。为防范经济转向过热、缓解CPI攀升压力,中国政府一改已经实施近十年的稳健货币政策,正式推行从     

Deterioration and disposal of fruit in the home: Consumer interviews and fruit quality assessments

BACKGROUND: Consumers often express concern about the quality of fruit available to buy and the rate at which it deteriorates in their homes. Despite this there are few studies on quality of fruit collected from consumers. This study considered three questions: (1) what was the quality of fruit in retail stores and how did it vary over the study period? (2) What was the extent that fruit quality deteriorated in consumers' homes? (3) Were there any consumer behaviours or attitudes that extenuated or mitigated the effects of fruit deterioration in the home? RESULTS: The quality of fruit purchased from the supermarkets was above what would be considered commercially acceptable, but varied in a non‐systematic fashion across the study period. The fruit in consumers' homes was of slightly lower physical quality than that purchased from the supermarkets, and the deterioration in quality was as would be expected as fruit ripens. Even so, 28% of consumers indicated that they dispose of fruit each week. This occurred despite many of them having strategies to minimise wastage. CONCLUSION: Despite the deterioration and wastage of fruit, the consumers in this study did not appear overly concerned and some even took ownership for the poor quality of fruit in their home. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry     

A novel approach to simultaneous screening and confirmation of regulated pharmaceutical compounds in dietary supplements by LC/MS/MS with an information-dependent acquisition method

The commercial success of synthetic phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5) inhibitors (viz. sildenafil, vardenafil and tadalafil) for erectile dysfunction (ED) has led to their widespread use as adulterants in dietary supplements (DSs). Reports on adulteration by ED drugs or their analogues in DSs suggest they may cause a serious threat to human health. The problem is becoming more complex as hidden and structurally modified analogues are continuously being reported. To analyse known drugs and their analogues, three commonly used PDE-5 inhibitors, naturally existing icariin and yohimbin, and their 19 analogues were analyzed in this study. They were identified using ion-spray liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM). This MRM procedure gave a limit of detection of less than 0.02?ng?ml^?1 for the 24 compounds, selectivity of fragmentation using MRM for 2.5?–?8.5?min in a single run and peak height repeatability of coefficient of variation of 3.9?–?31.8%. An IDA method using the MRM scans to detect the presence of known analytes was set up and added to a built-in library for screening for PDE-5 inhibitors. These MRM experiments were used to trigger product ion scans using a hybrid quadrupole-linear ion trap instrument. The product ion scan was compared and confirmed by a library search of MS/MS spectra acquired from a reference standard. To search for new analogues of PDE-5 inhibitors, a precursor ion scan of an expected ion m/z 283, which was one of the mass fragments from the analogues of sildenafil or vardenafil, was performed and fragmentation of the precursor ion, by combining a precursor ion scan with automatic confirmation using EPI spectra, was acquired. Of the 37 DSs tested, two were eventually found to be adulterated with yohimbin and vardenafil, respectively. The approach proposed in this study would be valuable in characterizing chemical constituents of drug residues and their analogues with identical chemical substructures from complex natural and synthetic sources in DSs using an information-dependent acquisition-enhanced product ion (IDA–EPI) scan.     

Interrelationship between image,dough and Barbari bread characteristics; use of image analysis to predict rheology,quality and shelf life

Cellular materials are often anisotropic, i.e. their properties depend on the direction in which they are measured. The aim of this work was to examine the effect of liquid improver components on image features (colour difference, average size, area fraction, cell wall thickness, fractal dimension, solidity, and circularity) of Barbari flat bread in both cross and longitudinal sections. Glycerol, sodium stearoyl‐2‐lactylate and enzyme active soy flour were evaluated as improver constituents. Image characteristics were furthermore correlated with dough rheology, quality, and shelf life in both sections of bread. Results from statistical analysis suggest that the parameters describing anisotropy or the favourite orientation of cell structure are crucial in understanding more than 50% of differences observed in crumb architecture. The coefficients of determination of all the response variables were higher than 0.81. Among image features, colour difference and average size gave the most correlations from ?0.857 to 0.896 and ?0.784 to 0.698 with other properties, respectively.     

Gender differences in vegetarian identity: How men and women construe meatless dieting

Meat is deeply associated with masculine identity. As such, it is unsurprising that women are more likely than men are to become vegetarian. Given the gendered nature of vegetarianism, might men and women who become vegetarian express distinct identities around their diets? Through two highly powered preregistered studies (Ns = 890 and 1775) of self-identified vegetarians, combining both frequentist and Bayesian approaches, I found that men and women differ along two dimensions of vegetarian identity: (1) dietary motivation and (2) dietary adherence. Compared to vegetarian men, vegetarian women reported that they are more prosocially motivated to follow their diet and adhere to their diet more strictly (i.e., are less likely to cheat and eat meat). By considering differences in how men and women construe vegetarian dieting, investigators can generate deeper insights into the gendered nature of eating behavior.     

Barriers impairing mineral bioaccessibility and bioavailability in plant-based foods and the perspectives for food processing

Abstract

Plant-based foods gain more importance since they play a key role in sustainable, low-meat and healthy diets. In developing countries, these food products, especially legumes and cereals, are important staple foods. Nevertheless, the question arises on how efficient they are to deliver minerals and if it is useful to encourage their consumption to reduce the prevalence of mineral deficiencies? This review paper focuses on the discrepancy between the mineral content and the amount of minerals that can be released and absorbed from plant-based foods during human digestion which can be attributed to several inherent factors such as the presence of mineral antinutrients (phytic acid, polyphenols and dietary fiber) and physical barriers (surrounding macronutrients and cell wall). Further, this review paper summarizes the effects of different processing techniques (milling, soaking, dehulling, fermentation, germination and thermal processing) on mineral bioaccessibility and bioavailability of plant-based foods. The positive impact of these techniques mostly relies on the fact that antinutrients levels are reduced due to removal of fractions rich in antinutrients and/or due to their leaching into the processing liquid. Although processing can have a positive effect, it also can induce leaching out of minerals and a reduced mineral bioaccessibility and bioavailability.     

世界三大饮料与“苦味”物质

茶、咖啡、可可是世界三大饮料,它们都含有生物碱苦味物质,究竟什么原因使荼、咖啡、可可如此受到人们的喜爱?因为这些苦味成分在食品风味和生理调节方面具有重要作用.     

蒲公英水提多酚的脲酶抑制作用及机理

蒲公英水提多酚具有很高的抑制脲酶活性的潜力,本文以蒲公英全草粉为材料,采用液质联用法（High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry,HPLC-MS）、苯酚-次氯酸盐比色法、Lineweaver-Burk双倒数作图法、荧光分析法和分子对接筛选蒲公英中抑制脲酶活性的主要水提多酚,并分析其抑制效果和作用机制。结果表明,蒲公英水提多酚主要成分是菊苣酸和咖啡酸,含量分别为10.62%和7.39%,结合能量为?5.65和?3.60 kcal/mol,对脲酶的抑制率之和占蒲公英水提总多酚抑制率的75.76%,是抑制脲酶活性的主要成分;半数抑制浓度（the half maximum inhibitory concentration,IC₅₀）分别为0.34±0.07和3.04±0.68 mmol/L,抑制效果呈浓度依赖性和低浓度高效性;两者与脲酶的作用位点相同,抑制类型均为以氢键和范德华力为主的非竞争性抑制类型,且荧光猝灭机制为静态猝灭。本研究为阐明蒲公英中抑制脲酶的主要多酚及作用机理,促进多酚类脲酶抑制剂的开发提供了理论依据。     

Families’ use of nutritional information on food labels

How interested and competent are families in fact when using nutritional information on food labels? By means of ethnographical methodologies 12 families with children aged 9–13 were monitored when shopping for food and in their own home when cooking and eating dinner in order to explore their use of nutritional information on food labels and the problems they experience. Later, 300 parents participated in a hall test, the purpose being to investigate the relation between the problems and use of as well as the problems and preference for nutritional labelling. Children use nutritional information rarely or not at all. Parents seldom use nutritional information when they seem to sense an overflow of information, information that is too technical and a problematic presentation of energy distribution, and/or when their health consciousness is limited. Having to deal with information overflow, technical information and energy distribution makes parents more likely to prefer food labels with concise information and more visual aspects.     

蜂产品的铁、锌营养分析和评价

蜂产品的许多营养保健功能与其含有丰富的铁、锌元素有关,本研究对市售蜂产品中的蜂蜜、蜂花粉、蜂王浆、蜂王胚胎冻干粉进行了铁、锌的定性定量分析,每100g样品中铁含量分别为0.8mg、6.9mg、2.5mg、6.8mg,锌含量分别为0.2mg、3.3mg、1.8mg、5.9mg;并结合相对营养评价(RNV)对其锌、铁的营养性进行了科学评价。     

Where is here?

Taking John Willinsky's observation that in Canadian identity politics, the question 'who am I?' often necessitates the additional question 'where is here?' (Willinsky, 1998), this article examines excerpts from interviews with a group of teacher education students in order to explore how they used family (hi)stories about 'country of origin' in the construction of their identities. Making 'country of origin' problematic, the article also examines the limits and possibilities of being and becoming Canadian. 'Where are you from?' complicates and challenges the entitlement to belong. Drawing on critiques by Canadian educators, the article challenges the widely held significations given to Canadian immigration and to official policies of multiculturalism. By juxtaposing data from eight interviews, the issue of racial identity is explored, in terms of how it appears or does not appear in the stories the students tell. These juxtapositions highlight the unofficial intersections between Canadian identity, race and ethnicity.     

比光谱导数法同时测定食品中苯甲酸和糖精钠的含量

苯甲酸和糖精钠的吸收光谱重叠严重 ,本文建立了用比光谱导数法同时测定食品中两者含量的方法。结果表明 ,在不需要进行分离和掩蔽的条件下 ,可直接测定苯甲酸和糖精钠的含量 ,采用 2 4 5nm和 2 55nm分别作为两者的测量波长 ,其浓度分别在 0～ 90 μg/mL和0～ 10 0 μg/mL之内符合线性关系 ,回归的相关系数r均达 0 999以上。 5种食品中的苯甲酸和糖精钠含量测定的回收率分别为 97 7%～ 10 0 2 %和 10 1 2 %～ 10 4 4 % ,精密度 (测定 5次 )分别为 0 8%～ 4 9%和 0 9%～ 3 7%。此外 ,本文还讨论了波长、共存物、求导间隔等影响测定的因素 ,优化了测量条件。