超声辅助水代法提取芍药籽油工艺条件优化

研究超声辅助水代法提取芍药籽油的工艺条件,并对其脂肪酸组成进行分析。研究了超声时间、液料比、超声功率和超声温度4个主要因素对芍药籽出油率的影响。在单因素试验的基础上,采用响应面法对超声辅助水代法提取工艺进行了优化。优化后的最佳提取工艺条件为:超声时间56 min,超声温度54℃,液料比8∶1,超声功率885 W。在最佳工艺条件下,芍药籽出油率为27.99%。利用GC-MS分析芍药籽油脂肪酸组成,共鉴定出19种脂肪酸,主要脂肪酸为亚麻酸(48.01%)、亚油酸(41.30%),总不饱和脂肪酸含量大于90%。     

基于PB设计和BBD响应面法优化牡丹籽饼中油脂的超声辅助提取工艺

优化牡丹籽饼中油脂的超声辅助提取工艺。在单因素试验的基础上,采用Plackett-Burman(PB)设计对影响牡丹籽饼中油脂提取的7个因素(粒度、液料比、浸提时间、浸提温度、超声温度、超声时间、超声功率)进行筛选。根据PB试验结果,选择粒度、浸提温度、液料比、超声温度为考察因素,运用BBD响应面法对牡丹籽饼中油脂的超声辅助提取工艺进行优化。结果表明:牡丹籽饼中油脂的最佳提取工艺条件为粒度80目、液料比27∶1、浸提温度45℃、浸提时间4 h、超声温度42℃、超声功率320 W、超声时间35 min,在此条件下,牡丹籽油得率为11.15%。     

超声波辅助提取牡丹籽毛油的工艺优化及脂肪酸组成分析

以油用牡丹籽为原料,利用超声波辅助提取牡丹籽毛油,通过单因素及正交试验,研究提取试剂、超声时间、超声温度、超声功率和料液比对牡丹籽毛油提取率的影响,确定超声波辅助提取牡丹籽毛油的最佳工艺条件,并用气相色谱仪分析牡丹籽毛油的脂肪酸组成。结果表明,超声波辅助提取牡丹籽毛油的最佳提取条件为:以正己烷作为提取试剂,超声温度为50℃,超声时间为50 min,超声功率为140 W,料液比为1∶15(g∶m L)。在此条件下,牡丹籽毛油的提取率为(26.11±0.01)%。气相色谱分析显示,牡丹籽毛油的主要成分为棕榈酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸和亚麻酸,其中不饱和脂肪酸含量高达(92.35±0.51)%,亚油酸和亚麻酸的含量分别为(28.80±0.24)%和(41.13±0.09)%,说明牡丹籽油是一种营养价值很高的食用油脂。     

凤丹牡丹籽油的提取工艺优化及脂肪酸组成分析

对常规正己烷提取法提取凤丹牡丹籽油的工艺进行了优化,并与超声辅助正己烷提取法进行了比较,采用气相色谱-质谱联用技术(GC-MS)确定了凤丹牡丹籽油的脂肪酸组成。结果表明:常规正己烷提取法提取凤丹牡丹籽油的最优条件为料液比1∶6、提取时间8 h、提取温度65℃,在此条件下牡丹籽油得率为30.67%,提取率达93.5%;超声辅助正己烷提取法在超声功率350 W、超声时间20 min、提取温度50℃、料液比1∶6条件下,牡丹籽油得率为30.63%,提取率达93.4%。凤丹牡丹籽油以亚麻酸、亚油酸、棕榈酸和硬脂酸为主,其不饱和脂肪酸及亚麻酸含量分别达85.47%和60.074%。与常规正己烷提取法相比,超声辅助正己烷提取凤丹牡丹籽油具有提取效率高、提取温度低等优势,有利于保证牡丹籽油品质。     

牡丹籽油超声辅助提取工艺优化及其GC-MS分析

目的:以牡丹籽为原料,利用超声辅助提取牡丹籽油.方法:通过单因素实验和正交设计实验考察了液料比、超声波功率、处理时间、温度和提取次数等因素对牡丹籽出油率的影响,确定了超声辅助提取牡丹籽油的较优工艺条件,并用GC-MS对牡丹籽油组分进行了分析.结果:以沸程60～90℃的石油醚作为溶剂提取牡丹籽油的较优工艺参数为:液料比8mL/g.超声波功率为350W、提取温度40℃,提取时间为30min,提取次数为3次.在该工艺条件下,牡丹籽出油率为24.89%.结论:该方法工艺简便合理,提取率较高,所得牡丹籽油中富含不饱和脂肪酸,其中亚油酸和亚麻酸的含量分别为22.78%和64.14%.     

八角金盘籽油超声提取工艺优化及脂肪酸组成分析

采用超声波辅助提取法提取八角金盘籽油并测定其脂肪酸组成。在单因素实验的基础上,采用Box-Behnken中心组合实验设计和响应面(RSM)分析法,对八角金盘籽油提取条件进行优化,并用气相色谱(GC)分析了八角金盘籽油脂肪酸组成。结果表明,对八角金盘油的提取影响由大到小依次为液料比、超声时间、超声功率、超声温度。超声波辅助提取法提取八角金盘籽油的优化工艺条件为:超声温度48℃、超声时间30. 00 min、超声功率200 W和液料比9. 6 mL/g,八角金盘籽油的出油率为35. 55%。八角金盘籽油共检测到15种脂肪酸,主要成分为油酸(87. 02%)、亚油酸(7.00%)、顺-10-十五烯酸(3. 08%)。其中不饱和脂肪酸相对质量分数为97. 86%。本研究为八角金盘籽油的开发利用提供了参考。     

超高压电裂解辅助水代法提取油牡丹籽油的研究

研究油牡丹油的提取工艺并测定了油牡丹籽油的理化性质和脂肪酸组成。在单因素电场强度、电场频率、作用时间、液料比对提取率影响分析基础上,采用响应曲面法优化超高压超高频电裂解辅助水代法提取油牡丹籽油的最佳工艺参数为:电场强度400 V/cm,处理频27.12 MHz,处理时间5 min,液料比1.0 m L/g。在此条件下,油牡丹籽油提取率为96.4%.本研究所得的油牡丹籽油理化指标符合国际标准,不饱和脂肪酸高达92%,是很好的食用性油脂。     

响应面法优化超声辅助提取牡丹籽粕中多酚工艺

采用超声辅助提取牡丹籽粕中多酚,分别考察液料比、乙醇体积分数、超声时间、超声温度、超声功率对多酚提取量的影响,在单因素试验的基础上,通过响应面法优化提取工艺。结果表明,超声辅助提取牡丹籽粕中多酚的最佳工艺条件为:超声功率300 W,液料比20∶1,超声时间98 min,乙醇体积分数80%,超声温度50℃。在最佳工艺条件下,牡丹籽粕中多酚提取量为17.42 mg/g。     

超声波辅助提取黄秋葵籽油及其脂肪酸组成分析

采用超声波辅助提取黄秋葵籽油并采用GC-MS对其脂肪酸组成进行分析。通过单因素试验考察提取溶剂、原料粒度、料液比、提取温度、提取时间、超声功率对黄秋葵籽油得率的影响。在单因素试验基础上采用正交试验优化得到最佳提取工艺条件为:正己烷为提取溶剂,原料粒度40~60目,料液比1∶9,提取温度50℃,提取时间75 min,超声功率80 W。在最佳条件下,黄秋葵籽油得率为26.26%。从黄秋葵籽油中鉴定出11种脂肪酸,主要为不饱和脂肪酸,含量最高的为亚油酸,占34.06%。     

黄连木籽油的超声波辅助提取工艺及油品组成分析

本文以黄连木籽为原料,利用超声波辅助提取黄连木籽油,通过单因素试验及正交试验研究了料液比、提取温度、超声波频率、以及提取时间等因素对得油率的影响,确定了超声波辅助提取黄连木籽油的最佳工艺条件,并采用气相色谱(GC)分析了黄连木籽油的脂肪酸组成.结果表明,各影响因素的主次顺序为:料液比>超声提取时间>提取温度>超声波频率;黄连木籽油超声提取最优工艺参数为:料液比1:10(g/mL),提取温度30℃,提取时间30min,超声波频率40 kHz,在该工艺条件下得油率达35.96%.气相色谱分析表明,超声提取的黄连木籽油含有5种脂肪酸成分,分别为亚油酸32.35%、油酸47.59%、棕榈酸18.55%、亚麻酸0.9834%,十六碳烯酸0.5305%.     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

The Ministry of Environmental Protection Issued "Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Control in Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry (Trial)" and Two Other Guiding Technical Documents

On December 27t＂, 2013, the Ministry of Environmenta Protection announced that, in order to implement ＂The Environmental Protection Law of the People＇ s Republic of China＂, improve the working system in environmenta protection technologies, and promote technologica advancement in pollution prevention, the Ministry of Environmental Protection sponsored the formulation of three guiding technical documents including ＂Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Contro n Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry （Trial）＂     

1~(st) Intelli-Tissue~ EcoEc Tissue Machine Supplied by PMP Group Successfully Put into Operation in China

正On April 29th,2014,Intelli-Tissue EcoEc tissue machine supplied by PMP Group successfully put into operation at Hebei Xuesong Paper Co.,Ltd.,this is the first such kind of paper machine of PMP Group in China.