免疫亲和层析荧光光度法测定枸杞中黄曲霉毒素

利用免疫亲和层析荧光光度法测定枸杞中的黄曲霉毒素(AFT),样品由甲醇-水提取,提取液经过滤、稀释,用黄曲霉毒素免疫亲和柱净化。以甲醇洗脱,溴溶液显色,荧光光度计测定黄曲霉毒素(B1+B2+G1+G2)含量。枸杞的最低检出限为1μg/kg,5μg/kg的加标回收率为99.6%,10μg/kg的加标回收率为114.0%。该方法准确、快速、安全。     

免疫亲和柱净化高效液相色谱法测定月饼中的黄曲霉素

<正>建立了月饼中黄曲霉毒素B1、B2、G1和G2的免疫亲和柱净化高效液相色谱法测定方法。样品用甲醇—水提取,经免疫亲和色谱柱净化,采用液相色谱法荧光检测。试验结果表明:空白样品分别按照1.0、2.0、12.5μg/kg添加黄曲霉毒素,回收率为68.7%~98.3%,方法检出限分别为0.4、0.1、0.4、0.1μg/kg。该方法灵敏度高,重现性好,适用于月饼样品     

环糊精对花生黄曲霉毒素B_1荧光增强作用与应用研究

本文探讨了一种新型无毒的黄曲霉毒素荧光增强剂—β-环糊精及其衍生物。结果表明,在2mL黄曲霉毒素B1溶液中加入1mL0.01mol/Lβ-环糊精或其衍生物时荧光增强倍数最大,其中β-环糊精可使荧光信号增强5倍,2,6-二甲基-β-环糊精荧光增强倍数可达到8倍,表明β-环糊精及其衍生物对黄曲霉毒素荧光增强作用极为显著;利用该增强剂在黄曲霉毒素荧光增强前和荧光增强后的信号变化量和黄曲霉毒素浓度之间的线性关系建立了新型荧光增强剂免疫亲和柱荧光光度检测方法,最低检出限可达0.3μg/kg,相关系数都达到0.99以上;对花生样品的添加回收率在90%～120%之间;与基于高效液相色谱国家检测标准方法比对分析,两种检测方法无显著差异,相对误差小于4%,为黄曲霉毒素高灵敏快速检测技术开辟了新的途径。     

超快速液相色谱-串联质谱法测定粮食及食用油中的黄曲霉毒素

应用超快速液相色谱―串联质谱法技术,建立粮食及食用油中黄曲霉毒素的检测方法,并对宁夏市售小麦粉、玉米制品和食用油进行分析。样品经乙腈―水(20︰80)提取,免疫亲和柱净化;以甲醇–0.1%甲酸水溶液为流动相,用Atlantis T3色谱柱分离,以电喷雾正离子模式进行质谱测定。采用该方法,黄曲霉毒素B1、B2、G1和G2可在6分钟内完成检测,分别以小麦粉、玉米制品和食用油为加标基质,三个加标水平下的平均回收率为75.6%~94.1%,相对标准偏差小于10.0%,检出限(S/N=3)为0.05μg/kg,定量限(S/N=10)为0.15μg/kg。该方法操作快速简单、重现性好,可用于粮食中黄曲霉毒素B1、B2、G1和G2的检测。     

免疫亲和柱净化-高效液相色谱柱后光化学衍生- 荧光检测器检测食品中黄曲霉毒素

目的建立一种免疫亲和固相萃取柱净化-高效液相色谱柱后光化学衍生-荧光检测器同时测定食品中黄曲霉毒素B_1、B_2、G_1和G_2的方法。方法以甲醇-水(70:30,V:V)为提取溶剂,采用高速均质提取,并经过黄曲霉毒素免疫亲和柱净化。结果经月旭公司Welch Ultimate~XB-C_(18)色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)分离后使用光化学衍生器进行柱后衍生,并采用带荧光检测器的高效液相色谱仪检测,流动相为甲醇/水(45:55,V:V)。黄曲霉毒素B_1、B_2、G_1和G_2线性范围在0.3~50.0μg/L之间,线性相关系数均大于0.999,B_1、B_2、G_1和G_2检出限分别为0.15μg/kg、0.05μg/kg、0.15μg/kg、0.05μg/kg。在3个加标浓度下大米、花生和瓜子等试样的回收率在80.7%~92.6%之间;相对标准偏差(RSD)在2.04~3.87%之间。结论该方法的灵敏度、准确度和精密度均符合黄曲霉毒素的检测技术要求,且简便快速,适用于食品中黄曲霉毒素B_1,B_2,G_1和G_2的准确测定。     

免疫亲和柱净化-大体积流通池高效液相色谱法同时检测食品中6种黄曲霉毒素

建立了免疫亲和柱净化-大体积流通池无需衍生同时测定食品中6种黄曲霉毒素(Aflatoxins)的检测方法。样品采用乙腈-水(84:16,V/V)超声辅助提取,用免疫亲和柱净化,经过XBridge TM C18柱(150 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)分离。采用乙腈-甲醇-水(15:25:60,V/V)为流动相,大体积流通池荧光检测器检测,无需衍生,外标法定量。6种黄曲霉毒素在9.5 min内有效分离,从样品前处理到结果分析整个过程小于50 min。黄曲霉毒素B1、B2、G1、G2、M1、M2的检出限(LOD,S/N=3)分别为0.05μg/kg、0.02μg/kg、0.05μg/kg、0.02μg/kg、0.04μg/kg、0.03μg/kg,能够满足我国对食品中黄曲霉毒素限量的要求。6种黄曲霉毒素标准曲线线性良好,线性相关系数r2大于0.999;样品加标回收率为77.6%~90.5%,精密度RSD为2.42%~6.08%。本方法简便、准确、灵敏度高,无需衍生即可同时检测食品中6种黄曲霉毒素,适用于食品中6种黄曲霉毒素的快速定量测定。     

高效液相色谱-光化学柱后衍生法测定紫苏籽中黄曲霉毒素B1

目的建立一种高效液相色谱-光化学柱后衍生法测定紫苏籽中黄曲霉毒素B_1的检测方法。方法样品经乙腈-水溶液(84:16,V:V)提取,用免疫亲和柱净化后,经光化学衍生器衍生,在高效液相色谱仪荧光检测器上检测。结果该方法对黄曲霉毒素B_1的最低检测限为0.05μg/kg,定量限为0.20μg/kg,相关系数为0.9990,加标回收率为86.0%～93.5%,相对标准偏差(relative standard deviation, RSD)为1.94%。结论该方法快速、准确、灵敏,适合测定紫苏籽中黄曲霉毒素B_1的含量。     

高效液相色谱-柱后光化学衍生法测定油茶中黄曲霉毒素B1的方法研究

目的建立高效液相色谱-柱后光化学衍生法测定油茶中黄曲霉毒素B_1含量的方法。方法市售油茶样品粉碎,经80%甲醇-水溶液涡旋提取、离心,吸取上清液稀释,专用免疫亲和柱净化后,采用高效液相色谱荧光检测器串联光化学衍生器测定黄曲霉毒素B_1。同时,对样品提取条件的选择、样品净化过程、流动性比例选择等进行优化实验研究。结果黄曲霉毒素B_1在0.5～20 ng/mL范围内线性关系良好,相关系数r=0.9996,在5、10、20μg/kg添加水平下的回收率为84.0%～91.6%,相对标准偏差0.1%～1.7%。结论该方法简单、快速、准确、重现性好,适用于油茶中黄曲霉毒素B_1的定量分析。     

UHPLC法测定生鲜乳中黄曲霉毒素M_1及M_2

建立了免疫亲和层析净化同时测定生鲜乳中黄曲霉毒素M_1和M_2的-超高效液相色谱(ultra high performance liquid chromatography,UHPLC)-荧光检测法。黄曲霉毒素M_1仪器线性范围0.40~100μg/mL,仪器定量限0.40 ng/mL,仪器检出限0.10 ng/mL,方法检出限0.005μg/kg,回收率91.8%~96.8%;。黄曲霉毒素M_2仪器线性范围0.10~100μg/mL,仪器定量限0.10 ng/mL,仪器检出限0.03 ng/mL,方法检出限0.0015μg/kg,回收率86.4至94.1%。两者的日内和日间变异系数均小于10%。使用该方法对来自成都市20个牧场的20个生鲜乳进行了测定,结果黄曲霉毒素M_1的风险是安全可控的。此外除了黄曲霉毒素M_1,还应加强黄曲霉毒素M_2的监控。     

免疫亲和净化-液相色谱-串联质谱法测定广式莲蓉月饼中黄曲霉毒素

目的建立广式莲蓉月饼中的4种黄曲霉毒素(黄曲霉毒素B_1、B_2、G_1、G_2)定性和定量的液相色谱-串联质谱检测方法。方法样品经甲醇-水(7:3,v:v)提取后,用免疫亲和柱净化,经甲醇洗脱,在C_(18)色谱柱上梯度洗脱分离,采用电喷雾正离子多反应监测(MRM)模式测定。结果标准曲线在0.1~20.0 ng/mL范围内线性良好;用本法测定4种黄曲霉毒素的回收率在78.4%~107.8%之间,相对标准偏差在2.5%~9.8%之间。采用该方法对市售5种广式莲蓉月饼中黄曲霉毒素进行分析,其中1份月饼样品能够检测到含有少量的黄曲霉毒素B_1(1.2μg/kg)和B_2(0.21μg/kg)。结论该方法具有简单快速,准确可靠等特点,适用于广式莲蓉月饼中4种黄曲霉毒素的同时测定。     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

The Ministry of Environmental Protection Issued "Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Control in Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry (Trial)" and Two Other Guiding Technical Documents

On December 27t＂, 2013, the Ministry of Environmenta Protection announced that, in order to implement ＂The Environmental Protection Law of the People＇ s Republic of China＂, improve the working system in environmenta protection technologies, and promote technologica advancement in pollution prevention, the Ministry of Environmental Protection sponsored the formulation of three guiding technical documents including ＂Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Contro n Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry （Trial）＂     

1~(st) Intelli-Tissue~ EcoEc Tissue Machine Supplied by PMP Group Successfully Put into Operation in China

正On April 29th,2014,Intelli-Tissue EcoEc tissue machine supplied by PMP Group successfully put into operation at Hebei Xuesong Paper Co.,Ltd.,this is the first such kind of paper machine of PMP Group in China.