割手密花粉的低温长期贮藏

从28个野生蔗(割手密)品系采集到的花粉样品在干燥房(20℃)或实验室(24℃)干燥1—4小时,置于—80℃的超冷冰柜内贮藏30—140天.每一份花粉样品授粉于商业甘蔗品种的一个作母本的花穗,以产生出的杂交实生苗数量来估算花粉活性.野生蔗贮藏花粉用于杂交,每5克种子长出0—300杂交实生苗.一些品系比别的品系能产生较多的杂交实生苗.花粉水分含量降到10%或更低(除掉大约80%的水分),可存活30天或更长时间.     

甘蔗花粉贮藏研究初报

采自野生蔗割手密杂交一代8个品系的花粉,在室温(22—25℃)下自然干燥1.5—4小时后置于普通冰箱(-15℃)内贮藏7—23天。花粉贮藏时以碎冰粒或干燥硅胶堆埋。甘蔗杂交季节到来时将贮藏花粉放在保温瓶内携往海南甘蔗育种场,选用花粉发育极差的赣蔗75/65作母本进行授粉,所得杂交花穗经培育均长出杂交实生苗。试验表明经过干燥处理的甘蔗花粉在普通冰箱中保存生命力的时间可长达23天,此外,用碎冰粒堆埋的贮藏效果看来比干燥硅胶堆埋的要好。     

甘蔗花粉低温贮藏研究

两个割手密F_1品系的花粉经干燥处理后置于低温冰箱(-28℃)中,于甘蔗杂交季节携往海南甘蔗育种场,选择两个花粉发育不良的甘蔗栽培品种作母本授以贮藏花粉。经授粉的花穗均能培育出杂交实生苗。试验表明甘蔗花粉在-28℃条件下其活性可保存46天。     

甘蔗花粉低温贮存与生活力

野生蔗的花粉经干燥制备（空气干燥或器皿干燥）、密封，贮存于家用冰箱冰冻层（－16℃－22℃）可延长生活力30天以上，最长达46天。花粉低温度贮存可用于早花的野失蔗与晚花的亲本的杂交，以解决花期不遇问题。     

甘蔗基因组分析的进展

现代甘蔗栽培品种含有多个种的血缘，是复杂的多倍体和非整体作物，其基因组结构非常复杂。应用分子细胞遗传学方法对栽培甘蔗品种的基因组作了研究。结果表明：（豆）现代栽培品种含两个种的血缘，即热带蔗（Ｓ．ｏｆｆｌ’ｃｉｎ。ｒ。，Ｚｎ二８０），是产糖种，和细茎野生蔗（Ｓ．Ｓｐｏｎｔｓｎｅｕｍ，Ｚｎ＝４０～８０），为野生种。热带蔗染色体基数为１０，细茎野生蔗染色体基数为ＳＺ（２）两个种之间存在染色体内的交换，和（３）来源于细茎野生蔗的染色体的比例因品种而异（被研究的品系在１５～２５ｆｆｅ之间）。研究结果显示…     

侧枝法延迟野生甘蔗抽穗,开花的效果

８２个云南野生甘蔗和１７个含云南野生甘蔗血缘的Ｆ１材料通过侧枝处理，８２．２％的云南割手密和８２．４％的Ｆ１的花期被有效地延迟，最长延迟６５天，野生原种比野生Ｆ１效果好，斑茅与河八王属不产生侧枝，侧枝花穗的花粉数量，花粉发育率无明显差异，因此侧枝法在解决野生甘蔗与栽培品种花期不遇难题具有重要意义。     

甘蔗远缘花粉诱导产生早熟高糖亲本的研究 Ⅰ.蔗茅属斑茅[Erianthus arundinaceus(Retz)Jeswiet]花粉诱导的初步结果

黑腊(S.officinarum)授以蔗茅属斑茅(E.arundinaceus)花粉诱导,杂种 F_1(75/283和75/285)与甘蔗相同,然亦确有蔗茅属斑茅的性状,即花粉量少,花粉发育低(30%左右),继续进行有性杂交育种,在 F_2和 F_3中可获得有经济价值的品系。在 F_3(79/288×79/290)的群体中有蔗茅野生性状类型和甘蔗栽培类型,并从这些群体中选出一批早熟、高糖、生势强的品系,以供作杂交亲本和生产栽培用。     

甘蔗农业文摘(二)

甘蔗早期世代性状的变并相关与选择——林彦铨等，甘蔗，1994，1（2），5～9利用甘蔗15个双亲杂交组合的后代为材料，研究了有性和无性世代6个主要经济性状的遗传变异，遗传相关和间接选择高产高糖基因型的效率。结果表明，不论在有性世代还是在无性世代，植株高度的遗传变异性大，与蔗茎产量和含糖量的遗传相关显著。相关遗传力分析揭示，通过植株高度间接选择高产高糖基因型的效果好，在甘蔗早期世代的育种实践中应对珠高的选择给予足够的重视。用培养法测定甘蔗花粉生活力——周耀辉等，甘蔗，1994，1（2），10～12花粉用培养基培养，观…     

川蔗91／91的选育及其在攀西蔗区的发展前景分析

川蔗９１／９１是我所拟订杂交组合（ＣＰ５７／６１４×川蔗１０号）,委托中国轻工 会甘蔗糖业研究所海南甘蔗育种场杂交,在盆地内培育实生苗,在攀西米易蔗区选育而成的甘蔗新品系,其突出特点是集高产稳产高糖于一身的中大茎、中早熟品种。经多年多点（次）试验表明：川糖９１／９１在米易蔗区比主栽品种川蔗１３号增产１２．５％,增糖１４．８％,抗旱试验表明：田间受旱期间川糖９１／９１株高生长快于对照,盆栽抗旱试验相     

甘蔗农业文摘(一)

斑茅种与甘蔗、蔗等二属几个种的植物形态学和同工酶比较研究——肖凤迥，甘蔗，1994，1（1），22～27本研究对斑茅中、甘蔗属3个原种和1个商品种及蔗茅属7个原种共47个无性系进行了花、茎、叶等器官的植物形态学观察，还对甘蔗属5个原种和1个商品种、蔗茅属4个原种以及斑茅进行了过氧化酶同工酶电泳分析。比较了斑茅种与甘蔗、蔗茅二属在上述方面的异同，最后对斑茅分类归属等问题提出了一些见解。地膜覆盖对甘蔗幼苗的影响——王元贞等，甘蔗，1994，1（1），28～29旱地冬植甘蔗地膜覆盖促进了蔗茎贮存养分碳水比合物的转化，使报部细胞线…     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

The Ministry of Environmental Protection Issued "Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Control in Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry (Trial)" and Two Other Guiding Technical Documents

On December 27t＂, 2013, the Ministry of Environmenta Protection announced that, in order to implement ＂The Environmental Protection Law of the People＇ s Republic of China＂, improve the working system in environmenta protection technologies, and promote technologica advancement in pollution prevention, the Ministry of Environmental Protection sponsored the formulation of three guiding technical documents including ＂Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Contro n Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry （Trial）＂     

1~(st) Intelli-Tissue~ EcoEc Tissue Machine Supplied by PMP Group Successfully Put into Operation in China

正On April 29th,2014,Intelli-Tissue EcoEc tissue machine supplied by PMP Group successfully put into operation at Hebei Xuesong Paper Co.,Ltd.,this is the first such kind of paper machine of PMP Group in China.